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Reversible data hiding based on pixel segmentation and prediction for improving hiding capacity

Signal, Image and Video Processing 2024年第6-7期18卷 5043-5059页

作者： Huang, Cheng-Ta Weng, Chi-Yao Zheng, Guo-Ting Weng, Hao-Yu International Bachelor Program in Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan320315 Taiwan Department of Information Management Yuan Ze University Taoyuan320315 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chiayi University Chiayi City600355 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence National Pingtung University Pingtung900391 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Taoyuan City320317 Taiwan

The idea of the traditional histogram shifting technique is to hide a message within the cover-image pixel distribution. However, the embedding capacity is limited by the peak point occurrences. To solve this problem, many reversible data hiding (RDH) techniques are developed to combine pixel prediction and histogram shifting to increase the embedding payload. In this paper, a RDH scheme based on chessboard prediction and pixel partitioning is proposed for enhancing the hiding payload. Pixel partitioning is used to separate a pixel into two parts: most significant bit and least significant bit. Then, the chessboard predictor is adopted to generate prediction errors and separate the pixels. Thereafter, histogram shifting is applied to embed the secret messages into prediction errors. Due to the high similarity of adjacent pixels in an image, the generated prediction errors are highly close to zero, resulting in a large embedding space. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has superior performance in embedding capacity with acceptable image visual quality compared to existing schemes since it adopts the adaptive adjustment strategy to achieve this improved balance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Pixels

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A Game-Theoretic Approach to Safe Crowd Evacuation in Emergencies

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1631-1657页

作者： Maria Gul Imran Ali Khan Gohar Zaman Atta Rahman Jamaluddin Mir Sardar Asad Ali Biabani May IssaAldossary Mustafa Youldash Ashraf Saadeldeen Maqsood Mahmud Asiya Abdus Salam Dania Alkhulaifi Abdullah AlTurkey31Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyAbbottabad22010Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Science and Technology Unit Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Deanship of Scientific Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyOmdurman Islamic UniversityOmdurman14415Sudan Business Analytic Program Department of Management and MarketingCollege of Business AdministrationUniversity of BahrainSakhir32038Bahrain

Obstacle removal in crowd evacuation is critical to safety and the evacuation system efficiency. Recently, manyresearchers proposed game theoreticmodels to avoid and remove obstacles for crowd evacuation. Game theoreticalmodels aim to study and analyze the strategic behaviors of individuals within a crowd and their interactionsduring the evacuation. Game theoretical models have some limitations in the context of crowd evacuation. Thesemodels consider a group of individuals as homogeneous objects with the same goals, involve complex mathematicalformulation, and cannot model real-world scenarios such as panic, environmental information, crowds that movedynamically, etc. The proposed work presents a game theoretic model integrating an agent-based model to removethe obstacles from exits. The proposed model considered the parameters named: (1) obstacle size, length, andwidth, (2) removal time, (3) evacuation time, (4) crowd density, (5) obstacle identification, and (6) route *** proposed work conducts various experiments considering different conditions, such as obstacle types, obstacleremoval, and several obstacles. Evaluation results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with existingliterature in reducing the overall evacuation time, cell selection, and obstacle removal. The study is potentially usefulfor public safety situations such as emergency evacuations during disasters and calamities.

关键词： Safe crowd evacuation public safety emergency transition probability cooperation

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Robust Graph Autoencoder-Based Detection of False Data Injection Attacks Against Data Poisoning in Smart Grids

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第3期5卷 1287-1301页

作者： Takiddin, Abdulrahman Ismail, Muhammad Atat, Rachad Davis, Katherine R. Serpedin, Erchin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A and M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Computer Science Tennessee Tech University CookevilleTN38505 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Texas A and M University Qatar Doha23874 Qatar

Machine learning-based detection of false data injection attacks (FDIAs) in smart grids relies on labeled measurement data for training and testing. The majority of existing detectors are developed assuming that the adopted datasets for training have correct labeling information. However, such an assumption is not always valid as training data might include measurement samples that are incorrectly labeled as benign, namely, adversarial data poisoning samples, which have not been detected before. Neglecting such an aspect makes detectors susceptible to data poisoning. Our investigations revealed that detection rates (DRs) of existing detectors significantly deteriorate by up to 9-29% when subject to data poisoning in generalized and topology-specific settings. Thus, we propose a generalized graph neural network-based anomaly detector that is robust against FDIAs and data poisoning. It requires only benign datasets for training and employs an autoencoder with Chebyshev graph convolutional recurrent layers with attention mechanism to capture the spatial and temporal correlations within measurement data. The proposed convolutional recurrent graph autoencoder model is trained and tested on various topologies (from 14, 39, and 118-bus systems). Due to such factors, it yields stable generalized detection performance that is degraded by only 1.6-3.7% in DR against high levels of data poisoning and unseen FDIAs in unobserved topologies. Impact Statement-Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are used in smart grids to detect cyberattacks. They can automatically detect malicious actions carried out bymalicious entities that falsifymeasurement data within power grids. Themajority of such systems are data-driven and rely on labeled data for model training and testing. However, datasets are not always correctly labeled since malicious entities might be carrying out cyberattacks without being detected, which leads to training on mislabeled datasets. Such actions might degrade the d

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Diversity-Optimized Group Extraction in Social Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems 2024年第1期11卷 756-769页

作者： Hsu, Bay-Yuan Chen, Yi-Ling Ho, Ya-Chi Chang, Po-Yuan Chang, Chih-Chieh Shia, Ben-Chang Shen, Chih-Ya National Tsing Hua University Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Hsinchu30013 Taiwan National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10607 Taiwan Hsinchu31040 Taiwan Fu Jen Catholic University Department of Business Administration New Taipei City24205 Taiwan National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Management Undergraduate Program Taipei10607 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Department of Computer Science Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

In this article, we propose to study a novel research problem to boost group performance, that is, social-aware diversity-optimized group extraction (SDGE), which takes into consideration the two important factors: 1) group diversity and 2) social tightness. We prove the NP-hardness of SDGE and propose an effective algorithm, named group shrinking for diversity maximization (GSDM) with a performance guarantee, that is, GSDM is a three-approximation algorithm to the SDGE problem studied in this article. We further propose three effective pruning strategies that are able to boost the efficiency of GSDM but do not deteriorate its performance. We conduct extensive experiments on multiple large-scale real datasets to evaluate the performance of GSDM. The experimental results show that our proposed GSDM outperforms the other baseline approaches significantly, in terms of solution quality and efficiency. Moreover, the experimental results also confirm that our proposed pruning strategies indeed boost the efficiency of the algorithm. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Costs

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High-Throughput Independent Component Analysis Processor for Full Duplex Systems

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2023年第9期41卷 2821-2832页

作者： Cheng, Jen-Hao Chang, Tien-Min Shen, Chung-An Fouda, Mohammed E. Eltawil, Ahmed M. National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Taipei10607 Taiwan University of California at Irvine Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department IrvineCA92697 United States King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Thuwal23955 Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the algorithm and very-large-scale integration (VLSI) architecture of a high-throughput and highly efficient independent component analysis (ICA) processor for self-interference cancellation (SIC) in in-band full-duplex (IBFD) systems. This is the first VLSI architecture reported in the literature based on the state-of-the-art entropy bound minimization (EBM) approach. A novel ICA algorithm is presented in this paper with momentum gradient descent optimization. Simulation results show that the number of iterations for the proposed algorithm is significantly reduced compared to the conventional ICA algorithms. Furthermore, a novel early-distribution estimation scheme is proposed in the designed ICA processor to compute multiple distribution functions with low latency and low complexity. The processing flow and the efficiency for the hardware utilization are specifically designed so that the processing speed is maximized with minimum employment of hardware components. The proposed ICA processor is designed and implemented based on the application-specific-integrated circuit (ASIC) flow. The post-layout estimations show that compared with the conventional EBM-based scheme, the proposed design improves the throughput and efficiency by 30x. In addition, compared to prior designs shown in the literature, the proposed ICA processor also demonstrates a significant enhancement in terms of throughput and efficiency. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： VLSI circuits

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Metasurfaces for next-generation wireless communication systems

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National science Review 2023年第8期10卷 17-19页

作者： Younes Ra'di Nikita Nefedkin Petar Popovski Andrea Alù Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York

The pace of development in the world of 5G communication systems has proven to be much more demanding than previous generations, with 5G-Advanced seemingly around the corner [1]. Extensive research is already underway to structure the next generation of wireless systems(i.e. 6G), which may potentially enable an unprecedented level of human–machine interaction [2].

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Random Number Generator for Securing Data Exchange in Smart Factory: Recent Trends and Best Practices 3

Random Number Generator for Securing Data Exchange in Smart ...

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3rd International Conference on computer Technologies, ICCTech 2024

作者： Sama, Andi Meyliana Heryadi, Yaya Sahroni, Taufik Roni Bina Nusantara University Binus Graduate Program - Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Information System Information System Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia BINUS Graduate Program-Doctor of Computer Science Jakarta Computer Science Department Jakarta11530 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Industrial Engineering Industrial Engineering Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395419

IT/OT convergence in the form of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) presents an opportunity to apply recent Information Technology (IT) advancements to Operational Technology (OT). The IT/OT convergence introduces cyber security threats for OT. The OT communication protocols, for example, have limited or no security capabilities for securing data exchange beyond basic authentication. The RNG (Random Number Generator) function is crucial in PLC for producing the encryption keys or the initial seed for security algorithms. The software-based PRNG (Pseudo RNG) is the most common approach for RNG in OT, instead of hardware-based RNG. This study provides a systematic literature review of the most recent evidence in digital transformation to secure data exchange in smart factories, within OT, or across OT and IT settings. It does this by looking at the PRNG on PLC and identifying the most recent trends and best practices. The findings include up-to-date data on author countries' distribution, published journals, research trends, industries, and industry types. The findings also address whether data flow is encrypted or shared in plaintext to ensure secure data transfer between IT and legacy OT environments. This paper concludes that while there is known RNG implementation in the actual embedded system in ICS, there is no evidence in the literature for using RNG in ICS networks for PLC implementation to secure data transfer with encryption. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Data transfer

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Surface phase diagram of CsSnI3 from first-principles calculations

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Physical Review Materials 2024年第9期8卷 093401页

作者： Kejia Li Chadawan Khamdang Mengen Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program

CsSnI3 is widely studied as an environmentally friendly Pb-free perovskite material for optoelectronic device applications. To further improve material and device performance, it is important to understand the surface structures of CsSnI3. We generate surface structures with various stoichiometries, perform density functional theory calculations to create phase diagrams of the CsSnI3 (001), (110), and (100) surfaces, and determine the most stable surfaces under a wide range of Cs, Sn, and I chemical potentials. Under I-rich conditions, surfaces with Cs vacancies are stable, which lead to partially occupied surface states above the valence band maximum. Under I-poor conditions, we find the stoichiometric (100) surface to be stable under a wide region of the phase diagram, which does not have any surface states and can contribute to long charge-carrier lifetimes. Consequently, the I-poor (Sn-rich) conditions will be more beneficial to improve the device performance.

关键词： Electronic structure Surface reconstruction Surface states Perovskites Semiconductors Density functional theory

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MPEG-DASH Multi-View Video and Audio Transmission QoE Over HTTP/2 Stream

MPEG-DASH Multi-View Video and Audio Transmission QoE Over H...

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2024 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, ATC 2024

作者： Wakayama, Yamato Nunome, Toshiro Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Computer Science Program Department of Engineering Nagoya466-8555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353983

In this paper, we consider multi-view video and audio streaming using MPEG-DASH, which enables to transmit video tailored to the network conditions over HTTP communication. This paper uses HTTP/2 instead of HTTP/1.1, which the authors previously used. HTTP/2 manages a series of request-response exchanges called a stream, which is assigned a unique stream ID. We perform a subjective experiment under various network conditions to evaluate application-level QoS and QoE. From the evaluation results, we investigate the effect of the HTTP/2 stream on the video and audio quality of the users in the multi-view video transmission scenario. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Audio streaming

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QoE Comparison between Multi-User OFDMA and Reliable Groupcast for Wireless LAN Audiovisual Transmission

QoE Comparison between Multi-User OFDMA and Reliable Groupca...

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2024 IEEE Region 10 Symposium, TENSYMP 2024

作者： Deguchi, Daiki Nunome, Toshiro Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Computer Science Program Department of Engineering Nagoya466-8555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364866

This paper compares video and audio QoE of OFDMA multi-user transmission and reliable groupcast over wireless LAN. We assume video and audio transmission to several terminals simultaneously. As a reliable groupcast method, we employ Unsolicited Retry, a technique of IEEE 802.11aa GroupCast with Retries. We utilize IEEE 802.11ax for OFDMA transmission. We evaluate application-level QoS by computer simulation. We then assess QoE through a subjective experiment with video and audio streams generated by the output timing obtained from the simulation. We notice that each method has a situation to be applied appropriately. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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