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11th European Conference on Artificial Life, ECAL 2011

作者： Misevic, Dusan Ofria, Charles Lenski, Richard E. Université Paris Descartes Paris France Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI United States Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East LansingMI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780262297141

Many theories have sought to explain the evolution of sex, but the question remains unanswered owing to the scarcity of compelling empirical tests. Here we summarize the results of two of our published studies investigating the evolution of sex using digital organisms. We used these evolving programs to test the hypothesis that sexual reproduction is advantageous in changing environments. We found that sex evolved to be the dominant mode of reproduction only when the environment was changing rapidly and substantially. Additionally, we measured the effects of sexual reproduction on genetic architecture, specifically modularity and epistasis. We found that sex profoundly influences genome organization, increasing modularity and decreasing the effects of interactions between mutations. Our studies have contributed to understanding both the causes and consequences of sexual reproduction, while also demonstrating the efficacy and power of in silico approaches to these issues. © 2011 ECAL 2011: The 11th European Conference on Artificial Life. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cell proliferation

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Publisher’s Note: “Guided-mode-resonance-coupled plasmonic-active SiO2 nanotubes for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 191114 (2012)]

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Applied Physics Letters 2012年第5期101卷

作者： Xiaobin Xu Dihan Hasan Lei Wang Swapnajit Chakravarty Ray T. Chen D. L. Fan Alan X. Wang 1Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA 2School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA 3Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China 4Microelectronic Research Center University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 USA 5Omega Optics Inc. Austin Texas 78759 USA 6Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA

This article was originally published online on 10 May 2012 with an incorrect affiliation for co-author D. L. Fan and an incorrect footnote designation for co-a

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The integration of skin color segmentation and self-adapted template matching for the robust face detection

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International Review on computers and Software 2011年第5期6卷 795-805页

作者： Zhiwen, Wang Shao-Zi, Li Ying, Dai Cognitive Science Department Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Department of Computer and Engineering Guangxi University of Technology Liuzhou 545006 China Fujian Key Laboratory of the Brain-like Intelligent Systems Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Faculty of Software and Info. Science Iwate Pref. University Iwate Japan

In this paper, an approach of integrating skin color segmentation and self-adapted template matching for the robust face detection is proposed. According to the clustering properties of the skin color of human faces in the YCbCr color space, the regions which close to the skin color are separated from the image by using Gaussian mixture model in order to achieve the purpose of rapidly detecting the external face. The influence of the brightness on the detection of the human faces is eliminated by using the illumination compensation technology, and also the confusion of the regions with the closed skin color with the human face is overcome by the adaptive template matching. Computation in the matching process is reduced by using the second matching algorithm. Experimental results show that proposed method can rapidly detect the human faces from a variety of images, while those detected faces include several of facial images with the different sizes, poses, races under the different illumination conditions. © 2011 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

关键词： Template matching

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Automatic learning sequence template generation for educational reuse

Automatic learning sequence template generation for educatio...

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IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing (GRC)

作者： Neil Y. Yen Qun Jin Timothy K. Shih Li-Chieh Lin Department of Human Informatics & Cognitive Sciences Waseda University Saitama Japan Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan Digital Education Institute Institute for Information Industry Taipei Taiwan

Sharing resources and information on Internet has become an important activity for education. The learning object repository has been developed to achieve efficient management of learning objects. Following usage experiences of learning objects collected in the past, this study concentrates on investigating implicit information between learning objects. We define a social structure for identifying relationship between learning objects and define a set of metrics to evaluate the interdependency. The structure identifies usage experiences and can be graphed in terms of implicit and explicit relations among learning objects. As a practical contribution, an adaptive algorithm is proposed to mine the social structure. The algorithm generates adaptive learning sequence by identifying possible interactive search input and assists them in completing self-paced learning situation.

关键词： Peer to peer computing Correlation Social network services Measurement Organizations Arrays Object recognition

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Complex-valued functional link network design by orthogonal least squares method for function approximation problems

Complex-valued functional link network design by orthogonal ...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Md. Faijul Amin Ramasamy Savitha Muhammad Ilias Amin Kazuyuki Murase Department of Systems Design Engineering Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui Japan School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computer Science and Engineering United International University Dhaka Bangladesh Research and Education Program for Life Science University of Fukui Fukui Japan

This paper presents a fully complex-valued functional link network (CFLN). The CFLN is a single-layered neural network, which introduces nonlinearity in the input layer using nonlinear functions of the original input variables. In this study, we consider multivariate polynomials as the nonlinear functions. Unlike multilayer neural networks, the CFLN is free from local minima problem, and it offers very fast learning in parameters because of its linear structure. In the complex domain, polynomial based CFLN has an additional advantage of not requiring activation functions, which is a major concern in the complex-valued neural networks. However, it is important to select a smaller subset of polynomial terms (monomials) for faster and better performance, since the number of all possible monomials may be quite large. In this paper, we use the orthogonal least squares method in a constructive fashion (starting from lower degree to higher) for the selection of a parsimonious subset of monomials. Simulation results demonstrate that computing CFLN in purely complex domain is advantageous than in double-dimensional real domain, in terms of number of connection parameters, faster design, and possibly generalization performance. Moreover, our proposed CFLN compares favorably with several other multilayer networks in the complex domain.

关键词： Polynomials Nonhomogeneous media Educational institutions Algorithm design and analysis Function approximation Neural networks Input variables

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An implementation of a 2D FIR filter using the signed-digit number system

An implementation of a 2D FIR filter using the signed-digit ...

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Electronics, Communications and Photonics Conference (SIECPC), Saudi International

作者： Yasser Mohammad Seddiq Hesham Altwaijry Department of Computer Engineering King Saud University Saudi Arabia National Program of Electronics Communications and Photonics King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

An FIR filter is implemented in this work. Enhancing the arithmetic operations of the filter is considered. For the addition operation, the signed-digit number system is utilized. For the multiplication operation, Booth-3 algorithm is used to reduce the number of partial products. Then a 1D filter is used to construct a 2D filter that is deployed on real hardware in an image processing application.

关键词： Finite impulse response filter Filtering algorithms Delay Field programmable gate arrays Digital signal processing Adders

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An authentication protocol based on kerberos 5

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International Journal of Network Security 2011年第3期12卷 159-170页

作者： El-Emam, Eman Koutb, Magdy Kelash, Hamdy Faragallah, Osama S. Egyptian Space Program National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences El-Nozha El-Gedeeda Cairo Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menouf Egypt Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menouf Egypt

We introduce some modifications to the widely deployed Kerberos authentication protocol. The principle's secret-key will be independent of the user password to overcome the weak passwords chosen by the network principal that are susceptible to password guessing attacks, the main drawback of the Kerberos protocol. Instead, the Kerberos Distribution Center saves a profile for every instance in its realm to generate the principle's secret-key by hashing the profile, and encrypting the output digest. Besides, the lifetime of the secret-key is controlled using the sys-tem clock. Triple-Des is used for encryption, SHA-256 for hashing, and Blum Blum Shub for random number gen-eration.

关键词： Authentication

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Region-Based Partial Volume Correction Techniques for PET Imaging: Sinogram Implementation and Robustness

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International journal of molecular imaging 2013年第1期2013卷 435959页

作者： Mike Sattarivand Jennifer Armstrong Gregory M Szilagyi Maggie Kusano Ian Poon Curtis Caldwell Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Odette Cancer Centre at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Room TG-217 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON Canada M4N 3M5. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of McMaster 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON Canada L8S 4K1. L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON Canada M4N 3M5 Institute of Medical Science 1 King's College Circle University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada M5S 1A8. Department of Medical Physics Odette Cancer Centre at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON Canada M4N 3M5. Department of Radiation Oncology University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine 150 College Street Room 106 Toronto ON Canada M5S 3E2 Department of Radiation Oncology Odette Cancer Centre at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON Canada M4N 3M5. Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Odette Cancer Centre at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Room TG-217 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON Canada M4N 3M5 Department of Medical Physics Odette Cancer Centre at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON Canada M4N 3M5 Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON Canada M4N 3M5.

Background/Purpose. Limited spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) requires partial volume correction (PVC). Region-based PVC methods are based on geometric transfer matrix implemented either in image-space (GTM) or sinogram-space (GTMo), both with similar performance. Although GTMo is slower, it more closely simulates the 3D PET image acquisition, accounts for local variations of point spread function, and can be implemented for iterative reconstructions. A recent image-based symmetric GTM (sGTM) has shown improvement in noise characteristics and robustness to misregistration over GTM. This study implements the sGTM method in sinogram space (sGTMo), validates it, and evaluates its performance. Methods. Two 3D sphere and brain digital phantoms and a physical sphere phantom were used. All four region-based PVC methods (GTM, GTMo, sGTM, and sGTMo) were implemented and their performance was evaluated. Results. All four PVC methods had similar accuracies. Both noise propagation and robustness of the sGTMo method were similar to those of sGTM method while they were better than those of GTMo method especially for smaller objects. Conclusion. The sGTMo was implemented and validated. The performance of the sGTMo in terms of noise characteristics and robustness to misregistration is similar to that of the sGTM method and improved compared to the GTMo method.

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MLEA： A Solution for Users of Android in UTPVirtual

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computer Technology and Application 2011年第5期2卷 406-412页

作者： Gisela Torres de Clunie Sergio Crespo Coelho da Silva Pinto Aris Linet Castillo Lucas Monteiro Braz Tasia Serrao Norman Rangel Jeanette Riley Olinda de Barraza Kexy Rodriguez Computer Systems Engineering Department Technological University of Panama Panama 0819 Panama Computer Science Research and Graduate Program in Applied Computing University of the Sinos Valley （UNISINOS） RS 93022-000 Brazil CIDITIC Technological University of Panama Panama 0819 Panama

This paper describes a design of an educational platform for a mobile learning architecture, which is a state of the an topic in distance education. The product will allow users to interact in an efficient, flexible, and transparent fashion with a web-based education environment, in this case Module Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment （Moodle）, using Android mobile devices. In order to provide a strong and lasting architecture, the Service Oriented Architecture （SOA） methodology is used given that it allows easy software re-utilization as well as integration of heterogeneous services. The architecture is based on web services implemented with Representational State Transfer （REST）, as it has been demonstrated to be lighter and less consuming than other protocols, for devices with limited resources such as mobile devices. Web services provide the communication means between the server side and the client side of the architecture, whereas agents are used to deliver the services itself. The authors propose the development of an environment that facilitates the integration of various educational resources to support m-learning. An important aspect of the proposal is the offering of a tool to provide customized alerts for students and teachers, enabling them to remain updated about activities taking place in the courses.

关键词： Distance learning virtual education m-learning service oriented architecture （SOA） mobile learning mobile computing interoperability representational state transfer （REST）.

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LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTRONIC NOISE IN GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS: COMPARISON WITH CARBON NANOTUBES

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International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 2011年第1期20卷 161-170页

作者： GUANXIONG LIU WILLIAM STILLMAN SERGEY RUMYANTSEV MICHAEL SHUR ALEXANDER A. BALANDIN Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program Bourns College of Engineering University of California – Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Center for Integrated Electronics and Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12180 USA Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg 194021 Russia Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science Engineering Program Bourns College of Engineering University of California – Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA

We report results of the experimental investigation of the low-frequency noise in graphene transistors. The graphene devices were measured in three-terminal configuration. The measurements revealed low flicker noise levels with the normalized noise spectral density close to 1/f (f is the frequency) and the Hooge parameter α H ~10 -3 . Both top-gate and back-gate devices were studied. The analysis of the noise spectral-density dependence on the gate biases helped us to elucidate the noise sources in these devices. We compared the noise performance of graphene devices with that of carbon nanotube devices. It was determined that graphene devices works better than carbon nanotube devices in terms of the low-frequency noise. The obtained results are important for graphene electronic, communication and sensor applications.

关键词： graphene 1/ f noise carbon nanotubes low-frequency noise graphene transistors

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