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IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference

作者： Jingzhi Yu Changchun Zhang Zhen Hu Feng Lin Nan Guo Michael Wicks Robert C. Qiu Kenneth Currie L. Li Cognitive Radio Institute Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Manufacturing Research Tennessee Technological University ISR Group of Sensor System University of Dayton Research Institute Center for Manufacturing Research Tennessee Technological University Department of Computer Science Center for Manufacturing Research Tennessee Technological University

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710407

This paper explores the vision of a dual-use sensing/communication system based on cognitive Radio Network (CRN). The motivation of the paper is to push the convergence of sensing and communication systems into a unified cognitive network. The concept design of this sensing/communication system is presented along with potential functions and challenges. A through tree target detection using real data collected by CRN testbed is demonstrated. The CRN testbed will be built based on Rice WARP nodes. To further exploit the advantages of dynamic spectrum access and frequency diversity, multi-frequency signal, which is similar to OFDM signal, are employed to for detection experiment in the harsh radio environment. The experiment results illustrate the vision of employing a CRN as wireless sensor network.

关键词： cognitive radio networks Wireless sensor network Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) Software defined radio (SDR)

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A compositional approach to learning part-based models of objects

A compositional approach to learning part-based models of ob...

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International Conference on computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops)

作者： Roozbeh Mottaghi Ananth Ranganathan Alan Yuille Department of Computer Science University of California Los Angeles USA Honda Research Institute USA Inc. Mountain View CA USA Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea University Seoul South Korea Department of Statistics University of California Los Angeles USA

We propose a new method for learning probabilistic part-based models of objects using only a limited number of positive examples. The parts correspond to HOG bundles, which are groupings of HOG features. Each part model is supplemented by an appearance model, which captures the global appearance of the object by using bags of words of PHOW features. The learning is invariant to scaling and in-plane rotations of the object, the number of parts is learnt automatically, and multiple models can be learnt to allow for variations of 3D viewpoint or appearance. Through an experiment, we show that 3D multi-view object recognition can be performed by a series of learnt 2D models. The method is supervised but can learn models for multiple object viewpoints without these viewpoints being labeled in the training data. We evaluate our method on three benchmark datasets: (i) the ETHZ shape dataset, (ii) the INRIA horse dataset, and (iii) a multiple viewpoint car dataset. Our results on these datasets show proof of concept for our approach since they are superior or close to the state-of-the-art on all three datasets while we do not use any negative examples.

关键词： Mathematical model Data models Computational modeling Solid modeling Equations Three dimensional displays Vectors

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A novel technique for localized formation of SOI active regions

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Physica Status Solidi (C) Current Topics in Solid State Physics 2011年第6期8卷 1865-1868页

作者： Veeramachaneni, Bharat Winans, Joshua D. Hu, Shaoting Kawamura, Daiji Fauchet, Philippe M. Witt, Kevin Hirschman, Karl D. Semitool Inc. Kalispell MT United States Materials Science Program University of Rochester Rochester NY United States Department of Microelectronic Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY United States

In this work we study the role of fluorine for the selective suppression of porous silicon in localized SOI applications. The formation of porous silicon can be done selectively by controlling the Fermi level in areas to be etched or not etched, which is typically done by adjusting the level of doping. Implanted fluorine in silicon has demonstrated a donor effect upon annealing at low temperature (600 °C), which is reversible as the fluorine outdiffuses during higher temperature annealing (1100 °C). The investigated technique has been used to form crystalline silicon active regions with thickness less than 200 nm completely surrounded by oxidized porous silicon. The electronic integrity of the active area has also been established through nMOS transistor fabrication and characterization. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

关键词： Thin film transistors

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A parallel architecture for ray-tracing with an embedded intersection algorithm

A parallel architecture for ray-tracing with an embedded int...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Alexandre S. Nery Nadia Nedjah Felipe M.G. França Lech Jozwiak LAM-Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering-Electronic Systems Eindhovan University of Technology Netherlands Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications-Faculty of Engineering Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Brazil

Real time rendering of three-dimensional scenes in Ray Tracing is a hard problem. However, parallel implementations have been enabling real time performance, as the algorithm can be highly parallelized. Thus, a custom parallel design in hardware is likely to achieve a good performance. In this paper, we further improve the GridRT architecture overall performance by embedding the ray-triangle intersection computation into the precessing elements that form the architecture. Low cost and high rendering performance are the main concerns in this novel design. The results show that the execution time of each intersection computation is reduced by at least 50%, while the area cost is practically unchanged or even reduced when compared to the original GridRT implementation.

关键词： Ray tracing Registers Equations USA Councils Mathematical model Parallel architectures

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Hardware Particle Swarm Optimization with passive congregation for embedded applications

Hardware Particle Swarm Optimization with passive congregati...

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Southern Conference on programmable Logic

作者： Daniel M. Muñoz Carlos H. Llanos Leandro dos S. Coelho Mauricio Ayala-Rincón Department of Mechanical Engineering Automation and Control Group/GRACO University of Brasilia Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program LAS/PPGPES Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Parana Brazil Department of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Brasilia Brazil

Achieving high performance optimization algorithms for embedded applications can be very challenging, particularly when several requirements such as high accuracy computations, short elapsed time, area cost, low power consumption and portability must be accomplished. This paper proposes a hardware implementation of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with passive congregation (HPPSOpc), which was developed using several floating-point arithmetic libraries. The passive congregation is a biological behavior which allows the swarm to preserve its integrity, balancing between global and local search. The HPPSOpc architecture was implemented on a Virtex5 FPGA device and validated using two multimodal benchmark problems. Synthesis, simulation and execution time results demonstrates that the passive congregation approach is a low cost solution for solving embedded optimization problems with a high performance.

关键词： Hardware computer architecture Software Field programmable gate arrays Benchmark testing Optimization Software algorithms

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A wirelessly powered and controlled device for optical neural control of freely-behaving animals

A wirelessly powered and controlled device for optical neura...

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作者： Wentz, Christian T. Bernstein, Jacob G. Monahan, Patrick Guerra, Alexander Rodriguez, Alex Boyden, Edward S. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 United States McGovern Institute for Brain Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 United States Media Lab. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 United States Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 United States

Optogenetics, the ability to use light to activate and silence specific neuron types within neural networks in vivo and in vitro, is revolutionizing neuroscientists' capacity to understand how defined neural circuit elements contribute to normal and pathological brain functions. Typically, awake behaving experiments are conducted by inserting an optical fiber into the brain, tethered to a remote laser, or by utilizing an implanted light-emitting diode (LED), tethered to a remote power source. A fully wireless system would enable chronic or longitudinal experiments where long duration tethering is impractical, and would also support high-throughput experimentation. However, the high power requirements of light sources (LEDs, lasers), especially in the context of the extended illumination periods often desired in experiments, precludes battery-powered approaches from being widely applicable. We have developed a headborne device weighing 2 g capable of wirelessly receiving power using a resonant RF power link and storing the energy in an adaptive supercapacitor circuit, which can algorithmically control one or more headborne LEDs via a microcontroller. The device can deliver approximately 2 W of power to the LEDs in steady state, and 4.3 W in bursts. We also present an optional radio transceiver module (1 g) which, when added to the base headborne device, enables real-time updating of light delivery protocols;dozens of devices can be controlled simultaneously from one computer. We demonstrate use of the technology to wirelessly drive cortical control of movement in mice. These devices may serve as prototypes for clinical ultra-precise neural prosthetics that use light as the modality of biological control. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Light emitting diodes

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Opposition-based shuffled PSO with passive congregation applied to FM matching synthesis

Opposition-based shuffled PSO with passive congregation appl...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Daniel M. Muñoz Carlos H. Llanos Leandro dos S. Coelho Mauricio Ayala-Rincón Department of Mechanical Engineering Automation and Control Group/GRACO University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program LAS/PPGEPS Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Parana Brazil Department of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil

Synthesis of musical instruments or human voice is a time consuming process which requires theoretical and experimental knowledge about the synthesis engine. Commonly, performers need to deal with synthesizer interfaces and a process of trial and error for creating musical sounds similar to a target sound. This drawback can be overcome by adjusting automatically the synthesizer parameters using optimization algorithms. In this paper a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the frequency modulation (FM) matching synthesis problem. The proposed algorithm takes advantage of a shuffle process for exchanging information between particles and applies the selective passive congregation and the opposition-based learning approaches to preserve swarm diversity. Both approaches for injecting diversity are based on simple operators, preserving the easy implementation philosophy of the particle swarm optimization. The proposed hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm was validated for a three-nested FM synthesizer, which represents a 6-dimensional multimodal optimization problem with strong epistasis. Simulation results revealed that the proposed algorithm presented promising results in terms of quality of solutions.

关键词： Frequency modulation Optimization Equations Convergence Particle swarm optimization Genetic algorithms

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The GLAIR cognitive architecture

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International Journal of Machine Consciousness 2010年第2期2卷 307-332页

作者： Shapiro, Stuart C. Bona, Jonathan P. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Center for Cognitive Science State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260-2000 United States

GLAIR (Grounded Layered Architecture with Integrated Reasoning) is a multilayered cognitive architecture for embodied agents operating in real, virtual, or simulated environments containing other agents. The highest layer of the GLAIR Architecture, the Knowledge Layer (KL), contains the beliefs of the agent, and is the layer in which conscious reasoning, planning, and act selection is performed. The lowest layer of the GLAIR Architecture, the Sensori-Actuator Layer (SAL), contains the controllers of the sensors and effectors of the hardware or software robot. Between the KL and the SAL is the Perceptuo-Motor Layer (PML), which grounds the KL symbols in perceptual structures and subconscious actions, contains various registers for providing the agent's sense of situatedness in the environment, and handles translation and communication between the KL and the SAL. The motivation for the development of GLAIR has been "Computational Philosophy", the computational understanding and implementation of human-level intelligent behavior without necessarily being bound by the actual implementation of the human mind. Nevertheless, the approach has been inspired by human psychology and biology. © 2010 World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Hardware Reuse in Modern Application-Specific Processors and Accelerators

Hardware Reuse in Modern Application-Specific Processors and...

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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Alexandre S. Nery Lech Jozwiak Menno Lindwer Mauro Cocco Nadia Nedjah Felipe M.G. Franca LAM-Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering-Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Silicon Hive-Intel UMG Netherlands Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications-Faculty of Engineering Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Effective exploitation of the application-specific parallel patterns and computation operations through their direct implementation in hardware is the base for construction of high-quality application-specific (re-)configurable application specific instruction set processors (ASIPs) and hardware accelerators for modern highly-demanding applications. Although it receives a lot of attention from the researchers and practitioners, a very important problem of hardware reuse in ASIP and accelerator synthesis is clearly underestimated and does not get enough attention in the published research. This paper is an effect of an industry and academic collaborative research. It analyses the problem of hardware sharing, shows its high practical relevance, as well as a big influence of hardware sharing on the major circuit and system parameters, and its importance for the multi-objective optimization and tradeoff exploitation. It also demonstrates that the state-of-the-art synthesis tools do not sufficiently address this problem and gives several guidelines related to enhancement of the hardware reuse.

关键词： Hardware Resource management computer architecture Optimization program processors Adders Delay

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Low-frequency 1/f noise in bismuth selenide Topological Insulators

Low-frequency 1/f noise in bismuth selenide Topological Insu...

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International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF)

作者： M. Z. Hossain K. M. F. Shahil D. Teweldebrhan A. A. Balandin S. L. Rumyantsev M. Shur Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside CA USA Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering and Center for Integrated Electronics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York USA Ioffe Institute The Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701894

Topological insulators is a newly discovered class of materials with the Dirac cone type dispersion at the surface and conventional band in the volume of the material. We present results of the study of the low-frequency excess noise in thin films made of Bi 2 Se 3 topological insulator material. The films were prepared through mechanically cleavage from the bulk crystal via the “graphene-like” exfoliation procedure. We verified the quality and crystallinity of Bi 2 Se 3 samples with the micro-Raman spectroscopy. Our fabricated devices have linear current voltage characteristics in the low bias region with the current fluctuation noise spectral density SI proportional to 1/f for frequency f less than 10 kHz. The noise spectral density SI showed the square law dependence on the source-drain current and changed from about ~10 -22 to 10 -18 A 2 /Hz as current changes form ~10 -7 to 10 -5 A. Our results can be used for understanding electron transport and trap dynamics, and for reducing low-frequency noise in topological insulator devices.

关键词： Noise Insulators Films Crystals Temperature measurement Resistance

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