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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Jiangye Yuan DeLiang Wang Bo Wu Lin Yan Rongxing Li Department of Computer Science & Engineering and the Center for Cognitive Science Ohio State Uinversity OH USA Mapping and GIS Laboratory Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science Ohio State Uinversity Columbus OH USA

We present an automatic method for road extraction from satellite imagery. The core of the proposed method is locally excitatory globally inhibitory oscillator networks (LEGION). We decompose the road extraction task into three stages. The first stage is image segmentation by LEGION. In the second stage, we compute the medial axis of each segment and select the segments with narrow widths. The third is the road grouping stage. With the medial axes, alignment-dependent connections between medial axis points are established and LEGION is utilized to group the well-aligned medial axes, which represent extracted road segments. Due to the selective gating mechanism of LEGION, different roads in an image are grouped separately. Experimental results on synthetic and real images show the effectiveness of this method.

关键词： Roads Satellites Image segmentation Local oscillators Humans Layout Assembly Speech analysis Neural networks Application software

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A multistage approach for blind separation of convolutive speech mixtures

A multistage approach for blind separation of convolutive sp...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Tariqullah Jan Wenwu Wang DeLiang Wang Center of Vision Speech and Signal Processing University of Surrey UK Department of Computer Science and Engineering & Center of Cognitive Science Ohio State Uinversity Columbus USA

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for the separation of convolutive speech mixtures using two-microphone recordings, based on the combination of independent component analysis (ICA) and ideal binary mask (IBM), together with a post-filtering process in the cepstral domain. Essentially, the proposed algorithm consists of three steps. First, a constrained convolutive ICA algorithm is applied to separate the source signals from two-microphone recordings. In the second step, we estimate the IBM by comparing the energy of corresponding time-frequency (T-F) units from the separated sources obtained with the convolutive ICA algorithm. The last step is to reduce musical noise caused typically by T-F masking using cepstral smoothing. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated based on both reverberant mixtures generated using a simulated room model and real recordings. The proposed algorithm offers considerably higher efficiency, together with improved speech quality while producing similar separation performance as compared with a recent approach.

关键词： Independent component analysis Signal processing algorithms Speech analysis Cepstral analysis Smoothing methods Speech processing Speech coding Mathematical model Acoustic noise Interference

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Connector faculty: A friendly face for early engineering students

Connector faculty: A friendly face for early engineering stu...

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2009 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Briedis, Daina Buch, Neeraj Collins-Eaglin, Jan Ehrlich, Nathaniel Fleming, Denise Hinds, Timothy Sticklen, Jon Urban-Lurain, Mark Wolff, Thomas Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University United States Cornerstone Engineering and Residential Experience Program Michigan State University United States Michigan State University United States United States College of Engineering Michigan State University United States Michigan State University College of Engineering Undergraduate Studies Department of Mechanical Engineering United States Applied Engineering Sciences College of Engineering Michigan State University United States Computer Science and Engineering Department Michigan State University United States Division of Science and Mathematics Education College of Natural Science Michigan State University United States Engineering for Undergraduate Studies Michigan State University United States

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An oscillatory correlation model of object-based attention

An oscillatory correlation model of object-based attention

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Marcos G. Quiles DeLiang Wang Liang Zhao Roseli A. F. Romero De-Shuang Huang Department of Computer Science Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Center for Cognitive Science Ohio State Uinversity Columbus OH USA Intelligent Computing Laboratory Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machines Hefei Anhui China

Attention is a critical mechanism for visual scene analysis. By means of attention, it is possible to break down the analysis of a complex scene to the analysis of its parts through a selection process. Empirical studies demonstrate that attentional selection is conducted on visual objects as a whole. We present a neurocomputational model of object-based selection in the framework of oscillatory correlation. By segmenting an input scene and integrating the segments with their conspicuity obtained from a saliency map, the model selects salient objects rather than salient locations. The proposed system is composed of three modules: a saliency map providing saliency values of image locations, image segmentation for breaking the input scene into a set of objects, and object selection which allows one of the objects of the scene to be selected at a time. This object selection system has been applied to real images and the simulation results show its effectiveness.

关键词： Layout Image segmentation computer science Oscillators Image analysis Intelligent networks Machine intelligence Neurons Frequency synchronization Neural networks

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Growing Self Organizing Map with an Imposed Binary Search Tree for discovering temporal input patterns

Growing Self Organizing Map with an Imposed Binary Search Tr...

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International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, ICIIS

作者： Sumith Matharage Upuli Gunasinghe Damminda Alahakoon Cognitive and Connectionist Systems Laboratory Faculty of IT Monash University Australia Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9781424448364;9781424448371

In this paper the Binary Search Tree Imposed Growing Self Organizing Map (BSTGSOM) is presented as an extended version of the Growing Self Organizing Map (GSOM), which has proven advantages in knowledge discovery applications. A Binary Search Tree imposed on the GSOM is mainly used to investigate the dynamic perspectives of the GSOM based on the inputs and these generated temporal patterns are stored to further analyze the behavior of the GSOM based on the input sequence. Also, the performance advantages are discussed and compared with that of the original GSOM.

关键词： Binary search trees Performance analysis computer industry Information systems computer science Knowledge engineering Application software Pattern analysis Self organizing feature maps Data analysis

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Determination of thermal parameters of nanostructures exhibiting one-dimensional heat flow through a thermal transient method

Determination of thermal parameters of nanostructures exhibi...

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2009 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Arriagada, Anton Yu, Edward T. Bandaru, Prabhakar R. Deparment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0407 United States Materials Science Program Mechanical Engineering Department University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0411 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615677832

We present an improved methodology for a thermal transient method enabling simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and specific heat of nanoscale structures with one-dimensional heat flow. The temporal response of a sample to finite duration heat pulse inputs for both short (1 ns) and long (5 μs) pulses is analyzed and exploited to deduce the thermal properties. Excellent agreement has been obtained between the recovered physical parameters and computational simulations. © 2009 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Specific heat

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A massively parallel hardware architecture for ray-tracing

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International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture 2009年第1期2卷 26-34页

作者： Nery, A.S. Nedjah, N. França, F.M.G. Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE P.O. Box 68511 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524 Sala 5145-F Maracana 20.550-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brazil

Real time performance of non-interactive rendering of three-dimensional scenes is usually unachievable. Ray tracing is one of the methods used for rendering such scenes. The performance achieved by a sequential software-based implementation of ray tracing is far from satisfactory. In contrast, many parallel implementations of ray tracing have been enabling real time performance, as the underlying algorithm can be massively parallelised. Thus, it is expected that a custom parallel design in hardware is likely to achieve the acceptable performance standards. In this paper, we propose a hardware architecture, which we call GridRT, capable of dealing with the main desirable features of ray tracing, such as shadows and reflections effects, imposing low requirements in terms of silicon area while achieving acceptable performance in terms of rendering time. This architecture achieves is efficient yet compact as it explores the massive parallelism offered by the intrinsic structure of the algorithm. The design exploits the usage the spatial data structure of regular grids. Copyright © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Ray tracing

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Resource Retrieval Service to Enhance U-Learning Environment

Resource Retrieval Service to Enhance U-Learning Environment

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International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Technologies and Applications (ICUT)

作者： Neil Y. Yen Louis R. Chao Qun Jin Jianhua Ma Timothy K. Shih Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering Tamkang University Taipei Taiwan Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences Hosei University Japan Department of Human Informatics & Cognitive Sciences Waseda University Tokorozawa Japan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan

E-Learning makes it possible for learners to study at any time. With the improvement of ubiquitous technologies and corresponding devices, learners can conduct their learning activities without any limitations from the environment. Instructors can utilize various kinds of resources to create more plentiful learning materials for learners. In this situation, instructors or learners have to spend more time on collecting relevant resources for a specific purpose. In our previous works, we utilized the geographical information and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) to develop an outdoor adventure game to support learning procedures. In this paper, we go further to propose and develop a resource retrieval mechanism to assist learners in collecting relevant learning resources. This mechanism can be regarded as a search procedure. We aim at providing search results in the order of relevant degree based on learners' current geographical information. It can make resource retrieval more efficient in ubiquitous learning environments.

关键词： Information filtering Electronic learning Information retrieval Radiofrequency identification Information filters Collaboration computer science Pervasive computing Conducting materials Global Positioning System

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Exploring the potential of microarray technology for biolnano sensing

Exploring the potential of microarray technology for biolnan...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, NEMS 2009

作者： Lee, Ju Seok Song, Joon Jin Deaton, Russell Kim, Jin-Woo Cell and Molecular Biology Program University ofArkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 United States Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 United States Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 United States Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424446308

Microarray is one of the most powerful DNA detection systems with multiplexing and high throughput capability. However, the current application of microarray is limited to the preliminary genomic screening of biological samples despite of its excellent potentials for other applications, such as biosensing. This paper addresses microarray's possibilities as sensing device by investigating its limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), which are defined as the minimum fluorophore concentration for the liable signal detection. The LOD and LOQ, i.e., detection sensitivity, are key indexes to determine the microarray's applicability as biolnano sensing device. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Screening

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The dynamics of trust in cyberdomains

The dynamics of trust in cyberdomains

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作者： Hoffman, Robert R. Lee, John D. Woods, David D. Shadbolt, Nigel Miller, Janet Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Institute for Human and Machine Cognition United States Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison United States Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory Ohio State University United States Department of Artificial Intelligence School for Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton United Kingdom US Air Force Research Laboratory United States

Some human-centering issues for the Networld based on trust are discussed. People sometimes need help to understand how and when to shift from unjustified trust closer to justified distrust. Trust has aspects of an attitude, an attribution, an expectation, a feeling or belief, an intention, and a trait. Trust can be thought of as a family of relations, certainly not a single relation. Interpersonal trust is both fundamentally and subtly different from trust in automation. Threshold effects are reflected in the tendency to maintain a fixed level of reliance even as the level of trust changes, resulting in a dichotomous pattern of reliance. Cybersecurity and defense issues, including social deception, misdirection, influence, and manipulation, span all the venues of macrocognitive work in the Networld. In macrocognitive work systems, trust can also be thought of as the expectation of reciprocity from others.

关键词： cognitive systems

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