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Cryptanalysis of Tripartite Authentication Protocol RFID/NFC Based on ECC 24

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Cryptanalysis of Tripartite Authentication Protocol RFID/NFC...

Proceedings of the 2024 5th International Conference on Big Data Economy and Information Management

作者： Min-Shiang Hwang Yung-Ling Chang Cheng-Ying Yang Chia-Chun Wu Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan The Ph.D. Program in Artificial intelligence Asia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Computer Science University of Taipei Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Quemoy University Kinmen Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711862

Recently, Wei & Chen proposed a secure three-party mutual authentication protocol for RFID based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Their approach can allow insecure communication between the reader and the backend, so their approach must achieve mutual authentication between the tag, reader, and backend. In addition, their method also satisfies the essential characteristics of RFID systems, such as confidentiality, anonymity, resistance to tracking attacks, and spoofing attacks. However, this article finds that its method cannot meet the mutual authentication and denial of service attacks.

关键词： ECC

Vision-Language Models Are Not Pragmatically Competent in Referring Expression Generation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ma, Ziqiao Ding, Jing Zhang, Xuejun Luo, Dezhi Ding, Jiahe Xu, Sihan Huang, Yuchen Peng, Run Chai, Joyce Computer Science and Engineering Division University of Michigan United States Weinberg Institute for Cognitive Science University of Michigan United States Department of Statistics University of Michigan United States GrowAI

Referring Expression Generation (REG) is a core task for evaluating the pragmatic competence of vision-language systems, requiring not only accurate semantic grounding but also adherence to principles of cooperative communication (Grice, 1975). However, current evaluations of vision-language models (VLMs) often overlook the pragmatic dimension, reducing REG to a region-based captioning task and neglecting Gricean maxims. In this work, we revisit REG from a pragmatic perspective, introducing a new dataset (RefOI) of 1.5k images annotated with both written and spoken referring expressions. Through a systematic evaluation of state-of-the-art VLMs, we identify three key failures of pragmatic competence: (1) failure to uniquely identify the referent, (2) inclusion of excessive or irrelevant information, and (3) misalignment with human pragmatic preference, such as the underuse of minimal spatial cues. We also show that standard automatic evaluations fail to capture these pragmatic violations, reinforcing superficial cues rather than genuine referential success. Our findings call for a renewed focus on pragmatically informed models and evaluation frameworks that align with real human communication. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

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Spatiotemporal dynamics in a network of modified Morris–Lecar neurons with nonlinear magnetic flux diffusion

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The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2025年 1-19页

作者： Seralan, Vinoth Leela Lakshmi, S. Suresh Babu, Kunchala Rajagopal, Karthikeyan Center for Nonlinear and Complex Networks SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vemu Institute of Technology Chittoor India Department of Computer Science Engineering PSCMR College of Engineering and Technology Vijayawada India Center for Cognitive Science Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center Trichy India Center for Research Easwari Engineering College Chennai India

In this work, a network of Morris–Lecar neurons with electromagnetic induction is imposed with nonlinear magnetic flux diffusion. We study wave propagation in a network of Morris–Lecar (ML) neurons with magnetic flux diffusion, connected to the local nodes of the nearest neighbors in a $$110 \times 110$$ lattice of neurons with periodic boundary conditions. First, we explore the effect of various initial conditions on the modified ML neuron network without imposing external stimuli. Subsequently, we apply external stimuli at different positions and study wave propagation by changing the amplitude and frequency of the stimuli. The effects of varying Nernst potential of potassium ions, coupling strengths, and flux constants are also analyzed. The resulting collective dynamics of the considered neuronal network are provided in snapshots with different model parameters. This study offers a novel perspective on wave propagation in networks of biological neurons.

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Generative AI-Enhanced Cooperative MEC of UAVs and Ground Stations for Unmanned Surface Vehicles 59

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Generative AI-Enhanced Cooperative MEC of UAVs and Ground St...

59th Annual Conference on Information sciences and Systems, CISS 2025

作者： You, Jiahao Jia, Ziye Dong, Chao Wu, Qihui Han, Zhu Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics The Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Nanjing211106 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Nanjing211111 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331513269

The increasing deployment of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) require computational support and coverage in applications such as maritime search and rescue. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can offer low-cost, flexible aerial services, and ground stations (GSs) can provide powerful supports, which can cooperate to help the USVs in complex scenarios. However, the collaboration between UAVs and GSs for USVs faces challenges of task uncertainties, USVs trajectory uncertainties, heterogeneities, and limited computational resources. To address these issues, we propose a cooperative UAV and GS based robust multi-access edge computing framework to assist USVs in completing computational tasks. Specifically, we formulate the optimization problem of joint task offloading and UAV trajectory to minimize the total execution time, which is in the form of mixed integer nonlinear programming and NP-hard to tackle. Therefore, we propose the algorithm of generative artificial intelligence-enhanced heterogeneous agent proximal policy optimization (GAI-HAPPO). The proposed algorithm integrates GAI models to enhance the actor network ability to model complex environments and extract high-level features, thereby allowing the algorithm to predict uncertainties and adapt to dynamic conditions. Additionally, GAI stabilizes the critic network, addressing the instability of multi-agent reinforcement learning approaches. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing benchmark methods, thus highlighting the potentials in tackling intricate, cross-domain issues in the considered scenarios. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned surface vehicles

YNote: A Novel Music Notation for Fine-Tuning LLMs in Music Generation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lu, Shao-Chien Yeh, Chen-Chen Cho, Hui-Lin Hsu, Chun-Chieh Hsu, Tsai-Ling Wu, Cheng-Han Shih, Timothy K. Lin, Yu-Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan International Bachelor Program in Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan

The field of music generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) is evolving rapidly, yet existing music notation systems, such as MIDI, ABC Notation, and MusicXML, remain too complex for effective fine-tuning of LLMs. These formats are difficult for both machines and humans to interpret due to their variability and intricate structure. To address these challenges, we introduce YNote, a simplified music notation system that uses only four characters to represent a note and its pitch. YNote’s fixed format ensures consistency, making it easy to read and more suitable for fine-tuning LLMs. In our experiments, we fine-tuned GPT-2 (124M) on a YNote-encoded dataset and achieved BLEU and ROUGE scores of 0.883 and 0.766, respectively. With just two notes as prompts, the model was able to generate coherent and stylistically relevant music. We believe YNote offers a practical alternative to existing music notations for machine learning applications and has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of music generation using LLMs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Molecular architecture of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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Protein & Cell 2025年第1期16卷 72-78页

作者： Maofei Chen Yutong Song Sensen Zhang Yitang Zhang Xudong Chen Minghui Zhang Meng Han Xin Gao Sai Li Maojun Yang Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical SciencesShenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen 518060China Protein Research Technology Center Protein Chemistry and Omics PlatformSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Computer Science Program ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Cryo-EM Facility Center Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Beijing Life Science Academy Beijing 102209China

Dear Editor,Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDHc) is a large multienzyme assembly(Mr = 4–10 million Daltons) consisting of three essential components: pyruvate dehydrogenase(E1p), dihydrolipoyl transacetylase(E2p), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase(E3). These three enzymes perform distinct functions sequentially to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) and acetyl-coenzyme A(Patel and Roche, 1990).

关键词： sequentially oxidative Dalton

Unleashing the Power of Large Language Model for Denoising Recommendation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Shuyao Zheng, Zhi Sui, Yongduo Xiong, Hui School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Tencent Shenzhen China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Recommender systems are crucial for personalizing user experiences but often depend on implicit feedback data, which can be noisy and misleading. Existing denoising studies involve incorporating auxiliary information or learning strategies from interaction data. However, they struggle with the inherent limitations of external knowledge and interaction data, as well as the non-universality of certain predefined assumptions, hindering accurate noise identification. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have gained attention for their extensive world knowledge and reasoning abilities, yet their potential in enhancing denoising in recommendations remains underexplored. In this paper, we introduce LLaRD, a framework leveraging LLMs to improve denoising in recommender systems, thereby boosting overall recommendation performance. Specifically, LLaRD generates denoising-related knowledge by first enriching semantic insights from observational data via LLMs and inferring user-item preference knowledge. It then employs a novel Chain-of-Thought (CoT) technique over user-item interaction graphs to reveal relation knowledge for denoising. Finally, it applies the Information Bottleneck (IB) principle to align LLM-generated denoising knowledge with recommendation targets, filtering out noise and irrelevant LLM knowledge. Empirical results demonstrate LLaRD’s effectiveness in enhancing denoising and recommendation accuracy. The code is available at https://***/shuyao-wang/LLaRD. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Versatile, Robust, and Explosive Locomotion with Rigid and Articulated Compliant Quadrupeds

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ding, Jiatao Yang, Peiyu Boekel, Fabio Kober, Jens Pan, Wei Saveriano, Matteo Santina, Cosimo Della Cognitive Robotics Delft University of Technology Netherlands Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento Trento Italy Department of Computer Science The University of Manchester United Kingdom Germany

Achieving versatile and explosive motion with robustness against dynamic uncertainties is a challenging task. Introducing parallel compliance in quadrupedal design is deemed to enhance locomotion performance, which, however, makes the control task even harder. This work aims to address this challenge by proposing a general template model and establishing an efficient motion planning and control pipeline. To start, we propose a reduced-order template model—the dual-legged actuated spring-loaded inverted pendulum with trunk rotation—which explicitly models parallel compliance by decoupling spring effects from active motor actuation. With this template model, versatile acrobatic motions, such as pronking, froggy jumping, and hop-turn, are generated by a dual-layer trajectory optimization, where the singularity-free body rotation representation is taken into consideration. Integrated with a linear singularity-free tracking controller, enhanced quadrupedal locomotion is achieved. Comparisons with the existing template model reveal the improved accuracy and generalization of our model. Hardware experiments with a rigid quadruped and a newly designed compliant quadruped demonstrate that i) the template model enables generating versatile dynamic motion;ii) parallel elasticity enhances explosive motion. For example, the maximal pronking distance, hop-turn yaw angle, and froggy jumping distance increase at least by 25%, 15% and 25%, respectively;iii) parallel elasticity improves the robustness against dynamic uncertainties, including modelling errors and external disturbances. For example, the allowable support surface height variation increases by 100% for robust froggy jumping. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Robustness (control systems)

Unlocking the potential of RNN and CNN models for accurate rehabilitation exercise classification on multi-datasets

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第3期84卷 1261-1301页

作者： Zaher, Moamen Ghoneim, Amr S. Abdelhamid, Laila Atia, Ayman Software Engineering Program Faculty of Computers & Artificial Intelligence—Helwan University Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers & Artificial Intelligence—Helwan University Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Information System Department Faculty of Computers & Artificial Intelligence—Helwan University Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Cairo Ain Helwan11795 Egypt Giza October12451 Egypt

Physical rehabilitation is crucial in healthcare, facilitating recovery from injuries or illnesses and improving overall health. However, a notable global challenge stems from the shortage of professional physiotherapists, particularly acute in some developing countries, where the ratio can be as low as one physiotherapist per 100,000 individuals. To address these challenges and elevate patient care, the field of physical rehabilitation is progressively integrating computer Vision and Human Activity Recognition (HAR) techniques. Numerous research efforts aim to explore methodologies that assist in rehabilitation exercises and evaluate patient movements, which is crucial as incorrect exercises can potentially worsen conditions. This study investigates applying various deep-learning models for classifying exercises using the benchmark KIMORE and UI-PRMD datasets. Employing Bi-LSTM, LSTM, CNN, and CNN-LSTM, alongside a Random Search for architectural design and Hyper-parameter tuning, our investigation reveals the (CNN) model as the top performer. After applying cross-validation, the technique achieves remarkable mean testing accuracy rates of 93.08% on the KIMORE dataset and 99.7% on the UI-PRMD dataset. This marks a slight improvement of 0.75% and 0.1%, respectively, compared to previous techniques. In addition, expanding beyond exercise classification, this study explores the KIMORE dataset’s utility for disease identification, where the (CNN) model consistently demonstrates an outstanding accuracy of 89.87%, indicating its promising role in both exercises and disease identification within the context of physical rehabilitation. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Classification (of information)