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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Lee, Jonghyun Jung, Dahuin Lee, Saehyung Park, Junsung Shin, Juhyeon Hwang, Uiwon Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of Division of Digital Healthcare Yonsei University Korea Republic of AIIS ASRI INMC ISRC Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Test-time adaptation (TTA) fine-tunes pre-trained deep neural networks for unseen test data. The primary challenge of TTA is limited access to the entire test dataset during online updates, causing error accumulation. To mitigate it, TTA methods have utilized the model output's entropy as a confidence metric that aims to determine which samples have a lower likelihood of causing error. Through experimental studies, however, we observed the unreliability of entropy as a confidence metric for TTA under biased scenarios and theoretically revealed that it stems from the neglect of the influence of latent disentangled factors of data on predictions. Building upon these findings, we introduce a novel TTA method named Destroy Your Object (DeYO), which leverages a newly proposed confidence metric named Pseudo-Label Probability Difference (PLPD). PLPD quantifies the influence of the shape of an object on prediction by measuring the difference between predictions before and after applying an object-destructive transformation. DeYO consists of sample selection and sample weighting, which employ entropy and PLPD concurrently. For robust adaptation, DeYO prioritizes samples that dominantly incorporate shape information when making predictions. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the consistent superiority of DeYO over baseline methods across various scenarios, including biased and wild. Project page is publicly available at https://***/DeYO/. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Entropy

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ADMM-SRNet: Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers Based Sparse Representation Network for One-Class Classification

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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2023年 32卷 2843-2856页

作者： Chiou, Chien-Yu Lee, Kuang-Ting Huang, Chun-Rong Chung, Pau-Choo National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan 701 Taiwan National Chung Hsing University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Taichung 402 Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Cross College Elite Program and Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing Tainan 701 Taiwan

One-class classification aims to learn one-class models from only in-class training samples. Because of lacking out-of-class samples during training, most conventional deep learning based methods suffer from the feature collapse problem. In contrast, contrastive learning based methods can learn features from only in-class samples but are hard to be end-to-end trained with one-class models. To address the aforementioned problems, we propose alternating direction method of multipliers based sparse representation network (ADMM-SRNet). ADMM-SRNet contains the heterogeneous contrastive feature (HCF) network and the sparse dictionary (SD) network. The HCF network learns in-class heterogeneous contrastive features by using contrastive learning with heterogeneous augmentations. Then, the SD network models the distributions of the in-class training samples by using dictionaries computed based on ADMM. By coupling the HCF network, SD network and the proposed loss functions, our method can effectively learn discriminative features and one-class models of the in-class training samples in an end-to-end trainable manner. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-30 datasets under one-class classification settings. Code is available at https://***/nchucvml/ADMM-SRNet. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

关键词： contrastive learning deep learning dictionary learning One-class classification sparse representation

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Utilization of Linguistic Data for Learner Assessment on e-Learning: Instrument and Processing 7

Utilization of Linguistic Data for Learner Assessment on e-L...

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7th International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2022

作者： Yuniarti, Wenty Dwi Hartati, Sri Priyanta, Sigit Surjono, Herman Dwi Doctoral Program of Computer Science Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang Indonesia Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Computer Science and Electronics Yogyakarta Indonesia Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Faculty of Engineering Department of Informatics Engineering Education Yogyakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345711

The increasingly massive use of e-Learning illustrates the speed and need for innovation in learning. According to the National Higher Education Standards (SN-Dikti), constructive alignment is required between learning outcomes, processes, and assessments to properly implement learning in e-Learning. Assessment is an essential component of e-Learning. Unfortunately, the problem of assessment in e-Learning is still found. One of them is the limitations of e-Learning in accommodating and processing various assessment data, primarily linguistic. Even though the variety of assessment data, both numerical, linguistic, and a combination of the two, supports a comprehensive assessment. On the other hand, the accommodation of linguistic data raises problems regarding how to process of unifying linguistic data is carried out. Research related to linguistic data using computing with words has been carried out, but it still needs more precise results from the unification of the linguistic data. Therefore, this study proposes providing an assessment instrument to accommodate linguistic data in e-Learning, as well as showing how to process of unifying linguistic data is carried out using 2-Tuple Fuzzy Linguistic. This approach can avoid the loss of assessment information by presenting more informative and precise results in a 2-tuple (s, α) where s indicates the ability level, and α shows a comparison of abilities with other learners and the potential of the learner to achieve higher abilities. This proposal has the potential to be applied in a learner assessment system for higher education e-Learning. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Linguistics

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Explainable artificial intelligence approaches for brain-computer interfaces: a review and design space

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Rajpura, Param Cecotti, Hubert Meena, Yogesh Kumar Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar India Department of Computer Science California State University FresnoCA United States Department of Computer Science & Engineering Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Gujarat Gandhinagar India

Objective. This review paper provides an integrated perspective of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques applied to Brain-computer Interfaces (BCIs). BCIs use predictive models to interpret brain signals for various high-stake applications. However, achieving explainability in these complex models is challenging as it compromises accuracy. Trust in these models can be established by incorporating reasoning or causal relationships from domain experts. The field of XAI has emerged to address the need for explainability across various stakeholders, but there is a lack of an integrated perspective in XAI for BCI (XAI4BCI) literature. It is necessary to differentiate key concepts like explainability, interpretability, and understanding, often used interchangeably in this context, and formulate a comprehensive framework. Approach. To understand the need of XAI for BCI, we pose six key research questions (RQs) for a systematic review and meta-analysis, encompassing its purposes, applications, usability, and technical feasibility. We employ the PRISMA methodology – preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses to review (n=1246) and analyze (n=84) studies published in 2015 and onwards for key insights. Main results. The results highlight that current research primarily focuses on interpretability for developers and researchers, aiming to justify outcomes and enhance model performance. We discuss the unique approaches, advantages, and limitations of XAI4BCI from the literature. We draw insights from philosophy, psychology, and social sciences. We propose a design space for XAI4BCI, considering the evolving need to visualize and investigate predictive model outcomes customised for various stakeholders in the BCI development and deployment lifecycle. Significance. This paper is the first to focus solely on reviewing XAI4BCI research articles. This systematic review and meta-analysis findings with the proposed design space prompt important di

关键词： Brain computer interface

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Diabetes Prediction Model for Better Clarification by using Machine Learning 6

Diabetes Prediction Model for Better Clarification by using ...

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6th International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies, ICICT 2023

作者： Eben, J. Lysa Jayasudha, R. Ramya, S. Kaliappan, S. Aswal, Shobha Al-Salehi, Khalid Ali Salem Department of Computer Applications School of Computing Sciences Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies Tamilnadu Chennai India Department of Mathematics Dr.N.G.P.Institute of Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongu Engineering College Tamilnadu Erode India Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara144411 India School of Computing Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun India Biomedical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350398496

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most pressing health concerns because so many people are afflicted by its disabling symptoms. Factors such as age, excess body fat, insufficient physical activity, a history of diabetes in one's family, a sedentary lifestyle, an unhealthy diet, hypertension, etc., all increase the likelihood of developing diabetes mellitus. Health complications are more common in people with diabetes, including cardiovascular disease, renal failure, stroke, blindness, and nerve injury. To validate a diagnosis of diabetes, hospitals typically perform a battery of procedures on the patient. Big data analytics has many vital applications in the healthcare sector. Numerous large computer systems are used in the healthcare sector. With the help of big data analytics, researchers can sift through mountains of data in search of previously unseen patterns and insights. Current techniques have a poor degree of precision in classification and forecast. While previous research has focused on factors such as glucose, body mass index, age, insulin, etc., the proposed model takes these into account and also the other factors that may be more relevant to the development of diabetes. The newer sample is superior to the older one based on categorization accuracy. A workflow algorithm for diabetes prognosis is also required to improve the accuracy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Metacognitive-Based Collaborative programming: A Novel Approach to Enhance Learning Performance in programming Courses 6th

Metacognitive-Based Collaborative Programming: A Novel Appro...

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Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2023

作者： Li, Wei Tseng, Judy C. R. Cheng, Li-Chen STEM Education Research Center Wenzhou University Zhejiang Province Wenzhou China Ph.D. Program in Engineering Science Chung Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chung Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Information and Finance Management National Taipei University of Technology Taipei City Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031401121

Students’ computational thinking and programming skills may grow due to collaborative programming. But as the researchers have noted, students frequently do not use metacognition to manage their cognitive activities while collaborating, which negatively affects learning. This study created a metacognition-based collaborative programming (MCP) system to improve students’ performance in collaborative programming. A seven-week study examined how the approach affected students’ performance in programming courses. The 88 middle school students were split into two groups: the experimental group received the metacognition-based collaborative programming approach, and the control group received the conventional computer-supported collaborative programming approach. The results indicated that the metacognitive-based collaborative programming approach enhanced students’ academic scores in programming courses and their computational thinking tendencies. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Learning systems

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Critical Factors of Immersive Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review 10

Critical Factors of Immersive Learning in Higher Education: ...

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10th International Conference on ICT for Smart Society, ICISS 2023

作者： Sunardi Meyliana Ramadhan, Arief Rosmansyah, Yusep Bina Nusantara University BINUS Graduate Program Doctor of Computer Science Computer Science Department Jakarta Indonesia School of Information System Bina Nusantara University Information System Departement Jakarta Indonesia School of Computing Telkom University Bandung Indonesia School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339543

Immersive learning has gained significant attention with the rising trend of spatial computing, particularly in the after-pandemic era. Numerous research has explored the potential of immersive learning in higher education, primarily on the educational sector. However, prior research has frequently focused too narrowly on the effects of technology and neglected to address the crucial element influencing successful immersive learning in higher education. This study seeks to pinpoint the crucial element contributing to the development of immersive learning experiences. The methodology uses a systematic literature review (SLR) from 2018 up to 2023 to investigate the critical factors of immersive Learning in Higher Education. From the 728 papers initially retrieved, 274 were considered potential candidates, and ultimately, 86 articles were selected based on their relevance to the research question. The results reveal that the critical factors include learning design, technology, immersion, engagement, interactivity, and usability. Academic interests will benefit from this SLR's consequences as institutions create models for designing suitable immersive learning, especially within the context of higher education. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： E-learning

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Grating Coupled Attachment of Optical Fiber Arrays for in situ Photonics Experimentation

Grating Coupled Attachment of Optical Fiber Arrays for in si...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Arnold, Kellen P. Slaby, Joel B. Dattilo, Hannah M. Kaylor, C. Alex Schrimpf, Ronald D. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Ralph, Stephen E. Reed, Robert Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University 2201 West End Ave NashvilleTN37235 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University 2201 West End Ave NashvilleTN37235 United States

We report a simple, vacuum-compatible fiber attach process for in situ study of grating-coupled photonic devices. The robustness of this technique is demonstrated on grating-coupled waveguides exposed to multiple X-ra... 详细信息

关键词： Photonic devices

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A Physical-Based Artificial Neural Networks Compact Modeling Framework for Emerging FETs

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2024年第1期71卷 223-230页

作者： Yang, Ya-Shu Li, Yiming Kola, Sekhar Reddy Reddy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory The Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Institute of Communications Engineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

We report a compact modeling framework based on the Grove-Frohman (GF) model and artificial neural networks (ANNs) for emerging gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs. The framework consists of two ANNs;the first ANN constructed with the drain current model not only can capture the main trend of device I - V characteristics but also can predict its variation even when the amount of training data for the ANN is insufficient or outside the range of applied biases. The second one is then designed to improve the model accuracy by further minimizing the errors between the target and the model outputs. We implement the proposed framework to accurately model emerging GAA nanosheet (NS) MOSFETs and complementary FETs (CFETs) without suffering from divergent issues in circuit simulation. In addition, nonphysical behaviors, such as nonzero current at zero bias, do not occur in the modeling framework. Compared to recently reported machine-learning (ML) models, our approach can achieve a similar level of model accuracy with merely 20% amount of the training data. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Studying Cardiac Electrophysiology via EPSSIM 20

Studying Cardiac Electrophysiology via EPSSIM

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20th International Joint Conference on computer science and Software engineering, JCSSE 2023

作者： Katekarn, Sujitra Sisuk, Noppadon Nuamchit, Teonchit Jittiporn, Kanjana Payakpate, Janjira Naresuan University Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Department of Cardio-thoracic Technology Phitsanulok Thailand Phibunsongkhram Rajabhat University Program in Computer Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology Phitsanulok Thailand Naresuan University Faculty of Sciences Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Phitsanulok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350300505

For Cardio-thoracic technology education program, the focus is on teaching pathophysiology, as well as the interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECG), through case studies. The curriculum includes instruction on treatment options and the use of electrophysiology studies (EP studies) for tachycardia and cardiac ablation. A portion of e-learning resources for ECGs and EP studies are delivered via web-based platforms. However, to date, there have been no e-learning platforms that combine instruction on pathological ECGs, EP study, cardiac ablation, or simulations of EP which would provide a more comprehensive learning experience for students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create the electrophysiology study simulator program (EPSSIM), which serves as an e-learning platform for EP studies and ECG. The development started with gathering information about ECG from the medical records of patients at a public hospital. MATLAB was used to generate synthetic heart signals. Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 was used to construct the EPSSIM program. A total of 47 cardio-thoracic technology students who used the program completed a pre-test and post-test and questionnaires. The effectiveness and satisfaction of the EPSSIM program were evaluated. The results showed that participants' scores improved, but the improvement was restricted due to the short time that the students were able to use the system. The participants who completed the satisfaction survey generally indicated satisfaction with the effectiveness of EPSSIM. Overall, the use of the application was beneficial and the application could be successfully used in future to enhance users knowledge. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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