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3rd International Conference on Machine Vision and Augmented Intelligence, MAI 2023

作者： Das, Sangjukta Singh, Maheshwari Prasad Namasudra, Suyel Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Agartala India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819743582

Technological advancements have brought a new era of growth for the healthcare industry. Nowadays, the security of healthcare data and the preservation of user privacy inside smart healthcare systems are being severely compromised by cyber attackers. This work introduces an encryption method that makes use of a hybrid encryption approach by combining both asymmetric and symmetric encryption methods to improve healthcare data security. This scheme solves the key escrow problem and its effectiveness is analyzed through performance evaluations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Chaos Theory Based Gravitational Search Algorithm For Medical Image Segmentation 27th

Chaos Theory Based Gravitational Search Algorithm For Medica...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Rather, Sajad Ahmad Roy, Partha Pratim Das, Sujit Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee247667 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Telangana506004 India

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781032

Multilevel thresholding plays a crucial role in image processing, with extensive applications in object detection, machine vision, medical imaging, and traffic control systems. It entails the partitioning of an image into distinct regions based on optimal pixel values. However, as the number of threshold levels increases, so does the computational cost for segmentation. To address this challenge, a novel method is proposed namely Chaos theory based Gravitational Search Algorithm (CGSA) for multilevel thresholding. CGSA combines the standard Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) for exploration with chaotic maps for exploitation of the complex pixel problem space. In this study, Kapur’s entropy method is utilized to segment sample images into various partitions based on optimal pixel values. The effectiveness of CGSA in real-world scenarios is evaluated using COVID-19 chest CT scan imaging datasets from Kaggle database. The quality, symmetry, and consistency of the segmented output are assessed using metrics like Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), and Feature Similarity Index Measure (FSIM). Qualitative analysis includes convergence curves, segmented graphs, colormap images, and box plots. Statistical validation is conducted using the signed Wilcoxon rank sum test. Additionally, a comparison is made between CGSA’s performance and that of eight state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms. The findings demonstrate the superior performance of CGSA, evidenced by its reduced computational time and enhanced image quality metrics values. Specifically, CGSA achieved SSIM of 0.81, FSIM of 0.82, and PSNR of 24.27, surpassing the performance of other competitive algorithms. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Chi-Square Target Encoding for Categorical Data Representation: A Real-World Sensor Data Case Study

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SN computer science 2025年第3期6卷 1-22页

作者： Anitha, M. Savarimuthu, Nickolas Bhanu, S. Mary Saira Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Trichy India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy India

Feature engineering is critical for improving machine learning performance (ML), especially when handling categorical data. Traditional encoding methods, such as one-hot and label encoding, often result in challenges like high dimensionality and loss of category significance. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel Chi-Square Target Encoding (CSTE) approach, which transforms categorical variables into numerical representations by leveraging the chi-square statistic to evaluate the association between categories and the target variable, preserving information effectively. Unlike conventional techniques, CSTE uses Chi-square test values to generate target-based encoded representations, ensuring reliable transformation without information loss. Comprehensive empirical evaluations were conducted on various datasets for binary classification, showcasing CSTE’s superiority over methods like regularized target encoding, basic target encoding, and fuzzification. A case study on real-world sensor data further validated its efficiency and scalability for large-scale data-driven applications. The proposed CSTE method achieved an average increment rate of 3.9447%, surpassing one-hot and fuzzification (1.0430%) and regularized target encoding (1.8308%). Classification outcomes demonstrated F1-scores exceeding 0.90 and AUC values nearing 0.99 across diverse datasets, highlighting its robustness. Furthermore, the reduced dimensionality significantly enhanced inference time while maintaining high accuracy. The CSTE method offers a robust framework for categorical data transformation, addressing limitations of traditional encoding techniques. It improves the interpretability and efficiency of categorical data representation, boosting ML performance. This innovative approach is well-suited for applications across various domains involving categorical data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Categorical data encoding Chi- Square statistics Data distribution preservation Feature engineering Machine learning Target encoding

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Blockchain Integration in Emergency Medical Transportation: Advancing Security and Coordination for Critical Care Scenarios 5th

Blockchain Integration in Emergency Medical Transportation: ...

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5th Doctoral Symposium on Computational Intelligence, DoSCI 2024

作者： Rawat, Abhishek Suryavanshi, Raghuraj Singh Nagar, Vishal Yadav, Divakar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Engineering and Technology Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819771776

Blockchains improve safety and faster teamwork for emergency medical transport in critical care. Emergency medical transport is not the only healthcare sector that has become better and different because of current blockchains. This report also illustrates how blockchains can alter the safety, integrity, and effectiveness of emergency medical transport operations, including a wide-ranging examination of these technologies’ consequences on the healthcare sector. Traditional Emergency Medical Transportation Systems face different challenges, and this paper provides a framework for a complete understanding of the possible benefits and creative solutions that Blockchain offers to the healthcare industry. This paper has given a compelling business example for applying Blockchain to enhance Emergency Medical Transportation. It gives valuable perspectives on smart steps that can be used to improve care and well-being and streamline pool offerings and a feasibility rate that could help to create an effective outcome for Emergency Medical Transport Services with the usage of Blockchain. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Blockchain Healthcare industry Medical Data History Transportation

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Artificial intelligence-inspired comprehensive framework for desertification prediction

International Journal of Cognitive Computing in Engineering

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International Journal of Cognitive Computing in engineering 2025年 6卷 462-476页

作者： Alsubai, Shtwai Mosleh, Mogeeb A.A. Al-Hadhrami, Suheer A. Bhatia, Munish College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering & Computing University of Science & Technology Aden Yemen Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Taiz Univeristy Taiz Yemen Department of Computer Engineering College of Engineering Al Mukalla Hadhramout Yemen Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India

Desertification greatly affects land deterioration, farming efficiency, economic growth, and health, especially in Gulf nations. Climate change has worsened desertification, making developmental issues in the area even more difficult. This research presents an enhanced framework utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) for ongoing monitoring, data gathering, and analysis to evaluate desertification patterns. The framework utilizes Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) to categorize IoT data, while a low-latency processing method on edge computing platforms enables effective detection of desertification trends. The classified data is subsequently analyzed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for forecasting decisions. Using cloud computing infrastructure, the ANN-GA model examines intricate data connections to forecast desertification risk elements. Moreover, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is employed to predict desertification over varied time intervals. Experimental simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested framework, attaining enhanced performance in essential metrics: Temporal Delay (103.68 s), Classification Efficacy—Sensitivity (96.44 %), Precision (95.56 %), Specificity (96.97 %), and F-Measure (96.69 %)—Predictive Efficiency—Accuracy (97.76 %) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (1.95 %)—along with Reliability (93.73 %) and Stability (75 %). The results of classification effectiveness and prediction performance emphasize the framework's ability to detect high-risk zones and predict the severity of desertification. This innovative method improves the comprehension of desertification processes and encourages sustainable land management practices, reducing the socio-economic impacts of desertification and bolstering at-risk ecosystems. The results of the study hold considerable importance for enhancing regional efforts in combating desertification, ensuring food security, and formulatin

关键词： Life on land Climate action Desertification Internet of things Artificial neural network

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Features enhancement of micro-service based cab booking system using block-chain 4th

Features enhancement of micro-service based cab booking syst...

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4th International Conference on Computational Methods in science and technology, ICCMST 2024

作者： Rohit Singh, Neelaksh Shukla, Riya Singh, Ashutosh Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Engineering and Rural Technology Prayagraj India Department of Computer Science and Engineering United College of Engineering and Research Prayagraj India

ISBN: (纸本)9781032911571

Cab booking services help people order taxis. Existing cab booking services use client server-based architecture. The paper gives a study of the architecture and workings of the Uber cab booking website (Dissanayake, March 18, 2021). It has a micro-service based architecture (Li et al. 2021). Load balancing (Al-Jaroodi et al. 2012) and stream processing (Besnard et al. 2013) are used to handle a large number of requests. The workload is divided among servers using Dispatch Optimization (Abid et al. 2022). It ensures fast responses, easy connection minimal downtime, and efficient use of resources. However, the use of servers increases the cost of service. Rider and driver depend on the server to connect. They don’t know if the system is charging them fairly. It reduces transparency and trust. The paper proposes a blockchain-based cab booking application to solve some of the problems. Trust, transparency, and decentralization can be ensured using blockchain. Transparent and immutable ledgers of blockchain ensure trust and reduce reliance on intermediaries. Smart contracts govern ride management, optimizing efficiency. Blockchain capabilities are used to ensure fair rides, direct interaction of passengers with drivers, and automated payments. The proposed system aims at combining existing technology with blockchain solution to ensure security and transparency along with scalability and quick response time. © 2025 the Author(s).

关键词： Reservation systems

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ToSiM-IoT: Towards a Sustainable Optimisation of Machine Learning Tasks in Internet of Things

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16829-16840页

作者： Kaushal, Ashish Almurshed, Osama Muftah, Asmail Auluck, Nitin Rana, Omer Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ropar India Cardiff University School of Computer Science and Informatics United Kingdom Azzaytuna University Libya

With the rise of digital infrastructure and Internet of Things (IoT), a substantial amount of data is continuously generated that needs to be processed efficiently. While modern artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have shown good capabilities in handling large volumes of data, their excessive demands for memory and processing power result in very high utilisation of resources. In this work, we propose ToSiM-IoT, an optimisation framework that introduces a layer selection approach to identify an ideal mix of active, and inactive layers, using a genetic algorithm for model training. Next, we design a pruning mechanism that identifies performance-critical features using heatmap visualisation, during model inference, and eliminates the remaining features. Two machine learning (ML) models - InceptionV3 and VGG16, have been evaluated on an agricultural weed detection scenario, using the DeepWeeds image classification dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework can achieve a significant reduction in model size and training time, while maintaining high accuracy, for both models. Therefore, this approach provides the potential to be efficiently deployed on intelligent IoT systems where computational capabilities are limited. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Automatic emotion recognition using deep neural network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Sujatha, R. Chatterjee, Jyotir Moy Pathy, Baibhav Hu, Yu-Chen School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of CSE Graphic Era University Dehradun India School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Computer Science Tunghai University Taichung City Taiwan

Emotions are a vital semantic part of human correspondence. Emotions are significant for human correspondence as well as basic for human–computer cooperation. Viable correspondence between people is possibly achieved when both the importance and the emotion of the correspondence are perceived by all groups included. Understanding the significance of language has generally been concentrated on in natural language processing (NLP) as a semantic examination. In NLP, the text can be handled appropriately for classification. Emotion detection from facial emotion is the subfield of social signal processing applied in a wide assortment of regions, explicitly for human and PC collaboration. Many researchers have proposed various approaches, generally utilizing machine learning concepts. Automatic emotion recognition (AER) is significant for working with consistent intuitiveness between a person and a smart device toward fully acknowledging an intelligent society. Many researchers examined cross-lingual and multilingual speech emotion as a stage toward language-free emotion acknowledgment in natural speech. In the present work, we are proposing a deep learning-based AER system using four openly accessible datasets, namely Basic Arabic Vocal Emotions Dataset (BAVED), Acted Emotional Speech Dynamic Database (AESDD), Urdu written in Latin/Roman Script (URDU), and Toronto Emotional Speech Set (TESS), by utilizing the Jupyter notebook and a Python library for music and audio synthesis named Librosa. The experimental results exhibited that the proposed approach achieves better than the existing approaches, i.e., the accuracy of the proposed system with the URDU dataset is 96.24%, the TESS dataset is 99.10%, the AESDD dataset is 65.97%, and the BAVED dataset is 73.12%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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Empirical techniques for effort estimation in designing effective ML models

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第2期47卷 226-234页

作者： Padmanabha Reddy, Y.C.A. Kosuru, Sai Sathwik Sirisalla, Nageswara Rao Vivekananda, G.N. Perala, Venkata Akanksha Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Chaitanya Bharati Institute of Technology Telangana Hyderabad India Department of CSE B V Raju Institute of Technology Telangana Narsapur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering K.S.R.M. College of Engineering AP Kadapa India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

Machine Learning Research often involves the use of diverse libraries, modules, and pseudocodes for data processing, cleaning, filtering, pattern recognition, and computer intelligence. Quantization of Effort Required for the above cumulative processes is rarely discussed in the existing works and The time to reach the desired level of the model's functionality is essential to gauge the environment training for the model training and pre-deployment testing. In this study, we empirically defined the manual-cum-computational effort required for the model development in terms of 2-time factors: time-to-live (time until 1st code modification) and time-for-modification (time between 2 codebase changes) taken together in a mathematical model to compute Effort Factor(quantitative measure of determining effort needed to design ML algorithms). The study is novel in terms of how the effort required to create ML models is calculated with a particular focus on the manual effort direction. The results and the findings obtained can be used for determining the total time needed to synthesize ML models and frameworks in terms of code change cycles and implementation strategies marking a 25% performance increase in the current method above the Standard Pipeline. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Pipeline codes

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Enhancing Skin Disease Diagnosis: Light GBM-DMS Algorithm for Accurate Image Classification

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Cognitive Computation 2025年第3期17卷 1-18页

作者： Kalpana, B. Senthilselvi, A. Muruganandam, S. Kumar, S. Vinodh Department of Information Technology RMD Engineering College Tamil Nadu Kavaraipettai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Panimalar Engineering College Poonamallee Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering College Tamil Nadu Thandalam Chennai India

Globally, skin diseases are emerging as the most common health problem. It initiates depressive disorder, and it also causes physical health distress. It rarely led to skin cancer in extreme cases. Diagnosing skin disease is subjective and time-consuming when it is performed by health experts manually. Hence, automatic skin disease prediction is required by both dermatologists and patients to enhance and accelerate treatment plans. Even though many machine-learning techniques are available to detect skin diseases, the timely prediction and accurate classification of skin lesions are still in demand. Hence, the Discrete Mycorrhizal Search Algorithm is used to optimize the novel LightGBM to meet this objective. Firstly, intrusions like noise elimination and hair removal are performed and then the image resizing takes place by utilizing the preprocessing pipelines. Subsequent to data pre-processing, the prime features are extracted using the convolutional self-attention based L2 regularization, thus minimizing the data complexity. At last, the extracted features are shifted to the final categorization phase which is done by the novel approach for effective classification of skin diseases. Two skin disease classification images, including datasets, the Skin Lesions Dermatoscopic Image dataset and Skin Cancer MNIST HAM10000, are selected to validate the classification performance. Comprehensive analyses are performed with significant measures that showed the proposed model attained better performances of 98.6%, 0.95, and 10.43 s from accuracy, intersection of union, and execution time, respectively. The stability and robustness under different environmental conditions for clinical applications in skin disease detection and classification tasks are analyzed for making decisions in real-time scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Dermatitis

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