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Farm-Level Smart Crop Recommendation Framework Using Machine Learning

Annals of Data science 2025年第1期12卷 117-140页

作者： Bhola, Amit Kumar, Prabhat Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Bihar Patna India

Agriculture is the primary source of food, fuel, and raw materials and is vital to any country’s economy. Farmers, the backbone of agriculture, primarily rely on instinct to determine what crops to plant in any given season. They are comfortable following customary farming practices and standards and are oblivious to the fact that crop yield is highly dependent on current environmental and soil conditions. Crop recommendations involve multifaceted factors such as weather, soil quality, crop production, market demand, and prices, making it crucial for farmers to make well-informed decisions. An improper or imprudent crop recommendation can affect them, their families, and the entire agricultural sector. Modern technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science have emerged as efficient solutions to combat issues like declining crop production and lower profits. This research proposes a Smart Crop Recommendation framework that leverages machine learning to empower farmers to make informed decisions about optimal crop selection. The framework consists of two phases: crop filtration and yield prediction. Crops are filtered in the first phase using an artificial neural network based on local input parameters. The second phase estimates yield for filtered crops, considering the season, farm area, and location data. The final recommendation provides farmers with crops aimed at maximizing profit. The remarkable 99.10% accuracy of the framework is demonstrated through experimentation using artificial neural networks and the 0.99 R2 error metric for the random forest. The uniqueness of this framework lies in its distinctive focus on the farm level and its consideration of the challenges and various agricultural features that change over time. The experimental results affirm the effectiveness of the framework, and its lightweight nature enhances its practicality, making it an efficient real-time recommendation solution. © The Author(s), under exclusi

关键词： Crops

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MF-CGAN: Multifeature Conditional GAN for Synthetic Data Generation in Internet of Medical Things

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第10期12卷 13469-13476页

作者： Pandey, Chandrasen Tiwari, Vaibhav Francis, Sharmila A. J. Pal, Vipin Sinha Roy, Diptendu Manipal University Jaipur Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaipur303007 India Bennett University School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Greater Noida201310 India King Khalid University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Abha61421 Saudi Arabia Netaji Subhash University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering New Delhi110078 India National Institute of Technology Meghalaya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sohra 793108 India

Synthetic data generation via generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is essential for enhancing cybersecurity and safeguarding privacy in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and healthcare. We introduce multifeature conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) (MF-CGAN), a Conditional GAN with multifeature integration, that generates realistic synthetic data using the WUSTL EHMS 2020 dataset of network traffic and health metrics. MF-CGAN’s architecture integrates conditional variables such as cyberattack types, traffic direction, and status flags, preserving their intricate interdependencies. The generator employs dense layers with batch normalization and Leaky ReLU activations to produce conditional synthetic data;the discriminator evaluates authenticity using the same conditional inputs. Experimental results show that MF-CGAN produces high-fidelity synthetic data, closely mirroring real data characteristics. In addition, we quantitatively demonstrate (MAE = 0.012 , RMSE = 0.035 , and classification accuracy up to 99%) that MF-CGAN-generated data effectively supports cybersecurity tasks, indicating its potential to significantly enhance data availability for IoMT. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Video forgery localization using inter-frame denoising and intra-frame segmentation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-17页

作者： Banerjee, Debanik Chittaragi, Nagaratna B. Koolagudi, Shashidhar G. Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Karnataka Karnataka Surathkal575025 India Department of Information Science and Engineering Siddaganaga Institute of Technology Karnataka Tumkur572103 India

Video forgery detection has been necessary with recent spurt in fake videos like Deepfakes and doctored videos from multiple video capturing devices. In this paper, we provide a novel technique of detecting fake videos by creating an ensemble network, based on statistical and deep learning methods to detect interframe forgery and intraframe forgery in forged videos separately. In this paper, Noise signature extraction of a particular image capturing sensor and an Autoencoder-based Convolutional Neural Network model (CNN) are used to localize the forged regions. We have trained the model to localize Deepfake video forgeries as well as copy-paste forgeries with effective results in the test data. The proposed fake video detector can be applied at the back-end of on-line video aggregating services and check their authenticity to verify the genuineness of videos. The results achieved have shown better performances in detecting fake videos compared to existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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EPDTNet + -EM: Advanced Transfer Learning and SubNet Architecture for Medical Image Diagnosis

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Cognitive Computation 2025年第2期17卷 1-22页

作者： K, Dhivya K, Sangamithrai S, Indra Priyadharshini M, Vedaraj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Kattankulathur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.M.D. Engineering College RSM Nagar Tamilnadu Kavaraipettai Thiruvallur601206 India

This paper presents a novel medical imaging framework, Efficient Parallel Deep Transfer SubNet+-based Explainable Model (EPDTNet + -EM), designed to improve the detection and classification of abnormalities in medical images. The model integrates Enhanced Exponential Transfer Learning (En-ETL) and the Parallel SubNet (PSNet +) architecture, addressing challenges like overfitting, high computational cost, and limited generalization across complex datasets. En-ETL accelerates learning and enhances precision, while PSNet + balances computational efficiency and performance through parallel convolutional layers and an axis attention mechanism. The proposed framework preprocesses medical images using resizing, noise removal, and contrast enhancement, ensuring high-quality inputs for analysis. For classification, the PSNet + model categorizes medical images into normal and abnormal cases. Explainable AI (XAI) is applied to highlight key features in classified images, improving interpretability and clinical decision-making. Experimental results validate the framework on various datasets, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and mammography images. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.83%, a false positive rate of 2%, and an execution time of 5.3 ms. Comparative Analysis show superior performance over existing approaches in classification accuracy and efficiency. Ablation studies confirmed the significant contributions of the proposed model using each component in enhancing performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Seizure Prediction on EEG Signals using Feature Augmentation based Multi Model Ensemble

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Recent Patents on engineering 2025年第1期19卷 41-49页

作者： Anandaraj, A. Alphonse, P.J.A. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Coimbatore India Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Tiruchirappalli India

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that leads to seizures. This occurs due to excessive electrical discharge by the brain cells. An effective seizure prediction model can aid in improving the lifestyle of epilepsy patients. After analyzing various patents related to seizure prediction, it is observed that monitoring electroencephalography (EEG) signals of epileptic patients is an important task for the early diagnosis of seizures. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to assist epileptic patients to enhance their way of living by predicting the seizure in advance. Methods: This paper builds a feature augmentation-based multi-model ensemble-based architecture for seizure prediction. The proposed technique is divided into 2 broad categories;feature augmentation and ensemble modeling. The feature augmentation process builds temporal features while the multi-model ensemble has been designed to handle the high complexity levels of the EEG data. The first phase of the multi-model ensemble has been designed with heterogeneous classifier models. The second phase is based on the prediction results obtained from the first phase. Experiments were performed using the seizure prediction dataset from the University Hospital of Bonn. Results: Comparison indicates 98.7% accuracy, with improvement of 5% from the existing model. High prediction levels indicate that the model is highly capable of providing accurate seizure predictions, hence ensuring its applicability in real time. Conclusion: The result of this paper has been compared with existing methods of predicting seizures and it indicated that the proposed model has better enhancement in the accuracy levels. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Predicting early ASD traits of adults and toddlers using machine learning and deep learning with explainable AI and optimization

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Rahman, Md. Ashiqur Hossain, Md. Mamun Singh, Sondip Poul Sharmin, Nusrat Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and a range of strengths and differences in cognitive abilities. Early ASD diagnosis using machine learning and deep learning techniques is crucial for preventing its severity and long-term effects. The articles published in this area have only applied different machine learning algorithms, and a notable gap observed is the absence of an in-depth analysis in terms of hyperparameter tuning and the type of dataset used in this context. This study investigated predictive modeling for ASD traits by leveraging two distinct datasets: (i) a raw CSV dataset with tabular data and (ii) an image dataset with facial expression. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of ASD trait prediction in adults and toddlers by doing hyper optimized and interpreting the result through explainable AI. In the CSV dataset, a comprehensive exploration of machine learning and deep learning algorithms, including decision trees, Naive Bayes, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression, XGBoost, and ANN, was conducted. XGBoost emerged as the most effective machine learning algorithm, achieving an accuracy of 96.13%. The deep learning ANN model outperformed the traditional machine learning algorithms with an accuracy of 99%. Additionally, an ensemble model combining a decision tree, random forest, SVM, KNN, and logistic regression demonstrated superior performance, yielding an accuracy of 96.67%. The XGBoost model, utilized in hyperparameter optimization for CSV data, exhibited a substantial accuracy increase, reaching 98%. For the image dataset, advanced deep learning models, such as ResNet50, VGG16, Boosting, and Bagging, were employed. The bagging model outperformed the others, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99%. Subsequent hyperparameter optimization was conduct

关键词： Random forests

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Halo reduction multi-exposure image fusion technique

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第13期84卷 12347-12370页

作者： Sharif, Rizwan Amin, Benish Sukhia, Komal Nain Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Space Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Space Technology Islamabad Pakistan

Multi-exposure image fusion (MEF) involves combining images captured at different exposure levels to create a single, well-exposed fused image. MEF has a wide range of applications, including low light, low contrast, night photography, medical imaging, and remote sensing. However, MEF methods often face issues like artifacts, halos around edges, color inconsistencies, noise amplification, and difficulty in preserving fine details. Moreover, assessing the quality of fused images objectively is complex due to the subjective nature of human perception. Solving the challenges is essential to developing efficient MEF techniques that produce high-quality results across various scenarios. The proposed technique introduces an approach to handling halo artifacts and implementing MEF. The Dense Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (DSIFT) is used to capture vital information about image brightness, texture, and edges from source images. Three weight maps are computed from the local mean, signal strength, and the global gradient for initial weight estimation. The local mean represents the brightness of specific image areas, signal strength preserves essential details like textures and edges while reducing image noise, and global gradient helps identify regions with significant pixel value shifts across multiple exposure images. The weight maps are then combined using a weighted average and a Gaussian smoothing filter is applied to reduce inherent noise and discontinuities in the original weights. Subsequently, pyramid decomposition is performed to generate a fused image. The efficiency of the proposed method is extensively tested on challenging multi-exposure image sequences. The results of the proposed approach demonstrate its superiority in both subjective evaluation and objective metrics like the MEF-Structural Similarity Index (MEF-SSIM), Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE) and Gradient based performance measure (QAB/f). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer

关键词： Image fusion

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Multilevel chaotic encryption model with cyclic redundancy check for medical data

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3581-3603页

作者： Sharma, Suvita Rani Singh, Birmohan Kaur, Manpreet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

In telemedicine applications, it is crucial to ensure the authentication, confidentiality, and privacy of medical data due to its sensitive nature and the importance of the patient information it contains. Communication through open networks is insecure and has many vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to unauthorized access and misuse. Encryption models are used to secure medical data from unauthorized access. In this work, we propose a bit-level encryption model having three phases: preprocessing, confusion, and diffusion. This model is designed for different types of medical data including patient information, clinical data, medical signals, and images of different modalities. Also, the proposed model is effectively implemented for grayscale and color images with varying aspect ratios. Preprocessing has been applied based on the type of medical data. A random permutation has been used to scramble the data values to remove the correlation, and multilevel chaotic maps are fused with the cyclic redundancy check method. A circular shift is used in the diffusion phase to increase randomness and security, providing protection against potential attacks. The CRC method is further used at the receiver side for error detection. The performance efficiency of the proposed encryption model is proved in terms of histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation analysis, signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, number of pixels changing rate, and unified average changing intensity. The proposed bit-level encryption model therefore achieves information entropy values ranging from 7.9669 to 8.000, which is close to the desired value of 8. Correlation coefficient values of the encrypted data approach to zero or are negative, indicating minimal correlation in encrypted data. Resistance against differential attacks is demonstrated by NPCR and UACI values exceeding 0.9960 and 0.3340, respectively. The key space of the proposed model is 1096, which is substantially mor

关键词： Telemedicine

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HViTML: Hybrid vision transformer with machine learning-based classification model for glaucomatous eye

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Singh, Piyush Bhushan Singh, Pawan Dev, Harsh Batra, Devanshu Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Information Technology Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Babu Banarasi Das University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India

Glaucoma is currently one of the most significant causes of permanent blindness. Fundus imaging is the most popular glaucoma screening method because of the compromises it has to make in terms of portability, size, and cost. In recent years, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. Convolution is a "local" CNN technique that is only applicable to a small region surrounding an image. Vision Transformers (ViT) use self-attention, which is a "global" activity since it collects information from the entire image. As a result, the ViT can successfully gather distant semantic relevance from an image. This study examined several optimizers, including Adamax, SGD, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adafactor, Nadam, and Adagrad. With 1750 Healthy and Glaucoma images in the IEEE fundus image dataset and 4800 healthy and glaucoma images in the LAG fundus image dataset, we trained and tested the ViT model on these datasets. Additionally, the datasets underwent image scaling, auto-rotation, and auto-contrast adjustment via adaptive equalization during preprocessing. The results demonstrated that preparing the provided dataset with various optimizers improved accuracy and other performance metrics. Additionally, according to the results, the Nadam Optimizer improved accuracy in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the IEEE dataset by up to 97.8% and in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the LAG dataset by up to 92%, both of which were followed by auto rotation and image resizing processes. In addition to integrating our vision transformer model with the shift tokenization model, we also combined ViT with a hybrid model that consisted of six different models, including SVM, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Decision Tree, KNN, and Random Forest, based on which optimizer was the most successful for each dataset. Empirical results show that the SVM Model worked well and improved accuracy by up to 93% with precision of up to 94% in the adaptive equalization preprocess

关键词： Decision trees

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CLASSIFICATION OF ROYAL DELICIOUS APPLES USING HYBRID FEATURE SELECTION AND FEATURE WEIGHTING METHOD BASED ON SVM CLASSIFIER

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Scalable Computing 2025年第2期26卷 940-949页

作者： Kaur, Sandeep Sachan, Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Ashwani Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

Fruit safety is a critical component of the global economy, particularly within the agricultural sector. There has been a recent surge in the incidence of diseases affecting fruits, leading to economic setbacks in agriculture worldwide. Conventional manual assessment methods are laborious, prompting the exploration of automated computerized techniques for evaluating fruit quality. This research presents a novel method for assessing the quality of golden delicious apples. A dataset comprising 1256 apple images was gathered under controlled conditions. Afterward Feature extraction focuses on texture features like LBP, GLCM, GLDM, DTF, and Gabor features, color features, and shape and size features. A total of 18654 features are extracted and normalized using z-score. A hybrid method for feature selection and weighting involves the mRMR algorithm to eliminate redundant features and the Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm for feature weighting, enhancing classification performance. The SVM machine learning technique, augmented with optimized features, yielded a 10.53% improvement in accuracy compared to SVM alone. Validation against state-of-the-art methods using Friedman’s mean rank test underscored the statistical significance of this approach across various metrics. © 2025 SCPE.

关键词： Fruits

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