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Boosting cervical cancer detection with a multi-stage architecture and complementary information fusion

Soft Computing 2025年第2期29卷 1191-1206页

作者： Sahoo, Pranab Saha, Sriparna Sharma, Saksham Kumar Mondal, Samrat Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Patna India Computer Science University of Maryland Baltimore CountyMD United States

Cervical cancer is one of the most fatal and prevalent illnesses affecting women globally. Early detection of cervical cancer is crucial for effective treatment. Pap smear tests are commonly used, but population-based screening is time-consuming, expensive, and requires expert physicians. computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) has shown promise in addressing this challenge. However, accurately predicting the disease using a single model can be difficult due to the complex data patterns involved. This research proposes a multi-stage architecture to improve cervical cancer screening. Initially, three pre-trained models are employed for image classification, after which the proposed advanced fusion technique is applied to combine the predictions. Additionally, we introduce a filtering approach in the third stage to refine the predictions. Unlike traditional fusion methods, the proposed architecture considers the confidence score of the base classifiers in making the final predictions on test samples. To enhance the performance of the models, we incorporate advanced augmentation techniques, including CutMix, CutOut, and MixUp. We assessed the performance of the proposed framework using a 5-fold cross-validation technique on two benchmark datasets. We evaluated the performance of the proposed framework through 5-fold cross-validation on two benchmark datasets. Remarkably, our framework achieved a classification accuracy of 97.62% and an F1-score of 97.64% on the SIPaKMeD dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately categorizing various cell types in the dataset. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Cervical cancer computer-aided detection Deep learning Ensemble learning

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Deep Learning-Driven Edge-Enabled Serverless Architectures for Animal Emotion Detection

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第7期49卷 33-48页

作者： Benedict, Shajulin Subair, Rubiya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Kottayam Kerala India Technical University Munich Garching Germany

Animal emotion detection, including elephant emotions, is highly possible, but what the traditional emotion detection approaches highlight is their blatant ignorance of adopting edge-enabled intelligence and serverless-based solutions, both of which are affordable. Treating the emotions of animals increases their productivity, especially among trained elephants when subjected to carrying logs or undertaking gargantuan tasks. However, existing infrastructures are inefficient in handling long-running animal emotion detection-related tasks. This article proposes a deep learning-driven edge-enabled serverless architecture after evaluating several existing animal emotion detection techniques. Additionally, we perform an exploratory study on the cost impact of incorporating serverless-enabled approaches to animal emotion detection architectures. We observed that the proposed edge-enabled serverless architectures saved over 13,000 dollars annually compared to traditional animal emotion detection approaches. In addition, the article provided a few research directions to develop novel edge-enabled serverless architectures that boost socio-economic situations while avoiding human-animal conflicts. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Invertebrates

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DemoCraft: Using In-Context Learning to Improve Code Generation in Large Language Models 3

DemoCraft: Using In-Context Learning to Improve Code Generat...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics, IITCEE 2025

作者： Joshua, Kapu Nirmal Sreejith, Mihit Indian Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Kanpur India Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Guwahati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515911

Producing executable code from natural-language directives via Large Language Models (LLMs) involves obstacles like semantic uncertainty and the requirement for task-focused context interpretation. To resolve these difficulties, we introduce DemoCraft, a framework that refines code generation through in-context learning and demonstration selection, in tandem with latent concept learning. Latent concept learning appends extra concept tokens, which act as trainable embeddings encapsulating task-oriented insights. We evaluate our approach on two promi- nent datasets: MBPP and Humaneval. Our experimental findings reveal that this method attains roughly a 2x boost in the pass@k metric compared to baseline models. Moreover, we propose two new evaluation measurements: correctness@k and similarity@k. Empirical analyses indicate that our system achieves nearly a 3x advancement in these measures as well. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Neural Network-Driven Base Station Selection in Next-Generation Cellular Networks 17

Neural Network-Driven Base Station Selection in Next-Generat...

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Harrithha, B. Kotagi, Vijeth J. Thakur, Rahul Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karnataka Dharwad India Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Computer Science and Engineering Uttarakhand Roorkee India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

With the exponential increase in data consumption from activities like streaming, gaming, and IoT applications, existing network infrastructure is under significant strain. To address the growing demand for higher data rates and better coverage, increasing base station density and exploring data offloading in unlicensed spectrum have become essential. While higher base station density reduces the distance between devices and network nodes, enhancing signal strength and data throughput, it also complicates the process of base station selection for users, particularly for those at the cell edge. Thus, ever-increasing demand for high-speed, low-latency communication services in 5G and 5G advanced New Radio (NR) unlicensed (NR-U) networks necessitates intelligent and dynamic approaches for user admission control and resource *** paper presents a novel solution employing neural network technology to address these critical challenges. We first propose an efficient algorithm for admission control and resource allocation. Upon generation of training data using the above algorithm, we propose a neural network-based framework for cellular networks in unlicensed spectrum such as LTE/LTE-U and 5G/NR-U networks. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Base stations

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Quadratic and Lagrange interpolation-based butterfly optimization algorithm for numerical optimization and engineering design problem

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Soft Computing 2025年第1期29卷 157-194页

作者： Sharma, Sushmita Saha, Apu Kumar Chakraborty, Sanjoy Deb, Suman Sahoo, Saroj Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Tripura Agartala India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Tripura Agartala India Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala India Department of Information Technology Bir Bikram Memorial College Tripura Agartala India

This work proposes a novel and improved Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA), known as LQBOA, to solve BOA’s inherent limitations. The LQBOA uses Lagrange interpolation and simple quadratic interpolation techniques with adapted parameter settings to enhance the search strategy of BOA and to achieve a better balance of diversification and intensification. LQBOA’s performance was examined on 45 traditional benchmark issues as well as the IEEE CEC 2017 benchmark suites with 10, 30 and 50 dimensions, and the results were compared against popular state-of-the-art and modified algorithms. It was discovered that in more than 85% of cases, the proposed LQBOA outperformed the compared algorithms. The Friedman rank test and Wilcoxon rank test were used to validate the suggested LQBOA’s rank and significance. Additionally, convergence and diversity analyses were performed to investigate its convergence speed and searching behavior, respectively. Furthermore, LQBOA has been successfully deployed to solve twelve real-world issues including several engineering design problems and two multiple gravity assist spacecraft trajectory problems. The results of these problems were compared to those of a wide range of algorithms, demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed LQBOA. In conclusion, LQBOA makes a significant addition to the optimization area, and its application could greatly improve the performance of numerous optimization jobs. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers

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KGFakeNet: A Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Model for Fake News Detection 31

KGFakeNet: A Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Model for Fake News De...

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2025 Workshop on Generative AI and Knowledge Graphs, GenAIK 2025, co-located with the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Kumar, Anuj Kumar, Pardeep Yadav, Abhishek Ahlawat, Satyadev Prasad, Yamuna Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jammu India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jammu India

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762121

The proliferation of fake news on social media has intensified the spread of misinformation, promoting societal biases, hate, and violence. While recent advancements in Generative AI (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), have shown promise, these models often need more structured representation for accurate verification, as they rely on pre-trained data patterns without access to real-time or validated information. This study presents a framework that utilizes Open Information Extractor 6 (OpenIE6) to extract triplet relationships (subject-predicate-object) from statements and justifications to compute the cosine similarity between the Knowledge Graphs (KGs) of the statements and their supporting justification to precisely measure the relevance and alignment between them. This similarity feature is integrated with an attention mechanism over GenAI-generated embeddings to enhance the model’s ability to capture semantic features accurately. In addition, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier is employed to integrate all features, resulting in a 4% improvement in accuracy and a 5% increase in F1-score over state-of-the-art LLM-based approaches. ©2025 International Committee on Computational Linguistics (ICCL)

关键词： Knowledge graph

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TCP-Cubiwood: Enhanced Cubic Congestion Control for mmWave and Future Networks 17

TCP-Cubiwood: Enhanced Cubic Congestion Control for mmWave a...

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Prakash, Ujjayant Baswade, Anand M. Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bhilai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

The rise in mobile internet usage especially using cellular networks demands efficient performance for web traffic, primarily made up of short TCP flows. For TCP, Cubic is the most widely deployed congestion control algorithm. mmWave and THz offer very high bandwidth and low latency, enabling faster speeds and reduced delay for companies deploying innovative applications, positioning them as the future of wireless technology. As such, we are compelled to thoroughly evaluate the performance of Cubic in various mmWave specific NLoS/LoS scenarios. In the process, we find Cubic really struggling when it comes to static NLoS scenarios and long connections particularly because Cubic keeps on attempting recovery from slow-start but fails due to the NLoS condition. This is where TCP Cubiwood comes to the rescue with an improvement of 189%in a simulated static NLoS scenario with results comparable to Cubic in wired conditions as well, thus becoming a suitable contender for replacing the historical algorithm. Delayed Congestion Response (DCR) tries to make TCP more robust towards channel errors in wireless networks so we also propose an additional flavor of Cubiwood, called Cubiwood-DCR which increases performance slightly in both wired and wireless high frequency scenarios. We extensively evaluate Cubiwood against Cubic, both with and without DCR enabled and make our code available for reproducibility and further research in the same direction. Moreover, the simplicity of this method makes our proposal a much more attractive solution. We believe the proposed solution is easy to implement, can replace Cubic and has the potential to improve performance in THz communication as well which is one of the competing spectrum bands for 6G networks. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Congestion control (communication)

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Real-time Air Quality Monitoring and Context-aware Alert System 17

Real-time Air Quality Monitoring and Context-aware Alert Sys...

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Kakde, Anuj Pagoti, Yashwant Krishna Nikumbh, Sarthak Karmakar, Prasenjit Chakraborty, Sandip Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kharagpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

Air quality monitoring is gaining increasing importance as awareness about the health impacts of air pollution continues to grow. These monitors typically track air pollutants to give users a clearer picture of their environment. Accurate and real-time monitoring increases our understanding of the surrounding air we breathe and allows us to improve it. The proposed system helps users minimize their exposure to harmful pollutants by providing real-time data on the concentration of various gases. The system triggers alerts directly to the subscribed user's mobile phones in case of any hazardous situations so that the user can take appropriate actions immediately to resolve the issue. Our extensive data collection and evaluation with off-the-shelf machine learning models indicated an overall F1-score of 99.54 (±0.5)% with a simple random forest model in classifying burning, cooking, occupancy in a closed room, using aerosol products, based on the sensor's readings. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Indoor air pollution

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A Scalable and Fault-Tolerant 5G Core on Kubernetes 17

A Scalable and Fault-Tolerant 5G Core on Kubernetes

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Paul, Sourav Keluskar, Tanvi Vutukuru, Mythili Indian Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bombay India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

The 5G core is an important part of a 5G network, and with the exponential growth of connected devices and dynamic traffic conditions, it is essential for the 5G core to be scalable and fault-tolerant. This requirement is even more important with the softwarization of the packet core and cloud-based deployments. This paper presents a comparison of design choices when building a scalable and fault-tolerant 5G core on a Kubernetes-orchestrated cloud platform. Prior work in this direction does not fully explore all design choices, or is not compliant with 3GPP standards. In contrast, we start with a 3GPP-compliant production-grade 5G core, and build multiple variants of cloud-native 5G core components. We leverage Kubernetes' automatic failover, and auto-scaling capabilities in different ways to make the 5G core scalable and fault-tolerant. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the scalability and resilience of various design choices, and to quantify the overheads of cloud deployments. Our work exposes tradeoffs between performance and fault tolerance, and provides insights on how best to design a scalable and fault-tolerant 5G core on Kubernetes. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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Monitoring COVID-19 environment: a real-time facial mask detection using YOLO models

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第1期41卷 1-18页

作者： Pandiyan, P. Thangaraj, Rajasekaran V, Balasubramanian V. K, Manavalasundaram S, Balakrishnan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nandha Engineering College Erode India Department of Information Technology Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Erode India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology Coimbatore India

Purpose: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has resulted in significant harm and impacted tens of millions of people globally. In order to prevent the transmission of the virus, individuals often wear masks as a protective measure for themselves and others. Coronavirus protection guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO standards, COVID-19 can be prevented by wearing a mask in public places and congested regions. In these places, it is very difficult to personally check to see if people are wearing face masks or not. Methods: The objective of this research work is to build a powerful, efficient, and real-time approach for detecting people not wearing masks. Three cutting-edge object identification models, namely YOLOv4, Tiny-YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, are employed in this study for the identification of masked faces. Result: The proposed YOLOv5 model is evaluated using real-time images captured using a smartphone or tablet. The test images include both single and multiple people with and without masks. The YOLOv5 model achieved recognition accuracy of 88.90% with an average detection speed of 0.0316 s per image, whereas the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4 produced recognition accuracy of 82.24% and 74.80% with an average detection speed of 0.0530 s and 0.0541 s per image, respectively. Conclusion: The comparative performance suggests that the YOLOv5 model has a maximum recognition accuracy of 88.90% in face mask identification tasks compared to other models such as the YOLOv4 and Tiny-YOLOv4. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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