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A Novel CAPTCHA Recognition System Based on Refined Visual Attention

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 115-136页

作者： Zaid Derea Beiji Zou Xiaoyan Kui Monir Abdullah Alaa Thobhani Amr Abdussalam School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China College of Computer Science and Information Technology Wasit UniversityWasit52001Iraq Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaBisha67714Saudi Arabia Electronic Engineering and Information Science Department University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

Improving website security to prevent malicious online activities is crucial,and CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell computers and Humans Apart)has emerged as a key strategy for distinguishing human users from automated ***-based CAPTCHAs,designed to be easily decipherable by humans yet challenging for machines,are a common form of this ***,advancements in deep learning have facilitated the creation of models adept at recognizing these text-based CAPTCHAs with surprising *** our comprehensive investigation into CAPTCHA recognition,we have tailored the renowned UpDown image captioning model specifically for this *** approach innovatively combines an encoder to extract both global and local features,significantly boosting the model’s capability to identify complex details within CAPTCHA *** the decoding phase,we have adopted a refined attention mechanism,integrating enhanced visual attention with dual layers of Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks to elevate CAPTCHA recognition *** rigorous testing across four varied datasets,including those from Weibo,BoC,Gregwar,and Captcha 0.3,demonstrates the versatility and effectiveness of our *** results not only highlight the efficiency of our approach but also offer profound insights into its applicability across different CAPTCHA types,contributing to a deeper understanding of CAPTCHA recognition technology.

关键词： Text-based CAPTCHA recognition refined visual attention web security computer vision

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Identification and Classification of Medicinal Plants using Machine Learning Algorithms 3

Identification and Classification of Medicinal Plants using ...

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3rd International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems, ICEARS 2025

作者： Bhargavi, G. Jayaraman, Venkatesh Jabez, J. Deepa, R. Surendran, R. Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India Chennai Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai600069 India Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Department of Computing Technologies Kattankulathur Tamilnadu Chennai603203 India Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha School of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509675

The increaing significance of plant life and botanical expertise extends beyond mere visual appreciation. With the growing interest in sustainable living and alternative remedies, there is a pressing demand for easily accessible and credible information on plant categorization, particularly focusing on medicinal plants. This innovative project synergizes machine learning capabilities, botanical proficiency, and user-friendly technology to give users the insights required to harness the benefits of medicinal plants responsibly and sustainably. The platform facilitates precise categorization and a comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic attributes of plants. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Medicinal chemistry

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An infrastructure software perspective toward computation offloading between executable specifications and foundation models

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 380-382页

作者： Dezhi RAN Mengzhou WU Yuan CAO Assaf MARRON David HAREL Tao XIE Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (PKU) Ministry of Education School of Computer SciencePeking University School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science

Foundation models(FMs) [1] have revolutionized software development and become the core components of large software systems. This paradigm shift, however, demands fundamental re-imagining of software engineering theories and methodologies [2]. Instead of replacing existing software modules implemented by symbolic logic, incorporating FMs' capabilities to build software systems requires entirely new modules that leverage the unique capabilities of ***, while FMs excel at handling uncertainty, recognizing patterns, and processing unstructured data, we need new engineering theories that support the paradigm shift from explicitly programming and maintaining user-defined symbolic logic to creating rich, expressive requirements that FMs can accurately perceive and implement.

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Task offloading delay minimization in vehicular edge computing based on vehicle trajectory prediction

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 537-546页

作者： Feng Zeng Zheng Zhang Jinsong Wu School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University School of Artificial Intelligence Guilin University of Electronic Technology The Department of Computer Science Universidad de Chile

In task offloading, the movement of vehicles causes the switching of connected RSUs and servers, which may lead to task offloading failure or high service delay. In this paper, we analyze the impact of vehicle movements on task offloading and reveal that data preparation time for task execution can be minimized via forward-looking scheduling. Then, a Bi-LSTM-based model is proposed to predict the trajectories of vehicles. The service area is divided into several equal-sized grids. If the actual position of the vehicle and the predicted position by the model belong to the same grid, the prediction is considered correct, thereby reducing the difficulty of vehicle trajectory prediction. Moreover, we propose a scheduling strategy for delay optimization based on the vehicle trajectory prediction. Considering the inevitable prediction error, we take some edge servers around the predicted area as candidate execution servers and the data required for task execution are backed up to these candidate servers, thereby reducing the impact of prediction deviations on task offloading and converting the modest increase of resource overheads into delay reduction in task offloading. Simulation results show that, compared with other classical schemes, the proposed strategy has lower average task offloading delays.

关键词： Vehicular edge computing Task offloading Vehicle trajectory prediction Delay minimization Bi-LSTM model

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Ensemble Multimodal Disease Risk Prediction: Integrating Chest X-Ray Images and Medical Data with ERSGB-RSW Method

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第2期106卷 697-711页

作者： Amirtharaj, Shiny Irene David Marudappa, Pushpalatha Sachin, Lade Khalid, Mohammad Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Campus Chennai India

The emergence of multimodal disease risk prediction signifies a pivotal shift towards healthcare by integrating information from various sources and enhancing the reliability of predicting susceptibility to specific diseases. Traditional methods face several challenges such as limited capacity to handle heterogeneous datasets, high computational power, and less efficiency. To solve the drawbacks a novel Ensemble Random Support vector Gradient Bayes Random Seal Whiskers method is proposed. In this study, the Random Forest is utilized to extract chest X-ray images from the dataset, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed to categorize images by integrating various medical data modalities, the gradient boosting is implemented to capture complex relationships in chest X-ray images and Naive Bayes is used to classify image features. Also, a weighted average ensemble is employed to integrate the outcomes of the methods namely Random Forest, SVM, Gradient boosting, and Naive Bayes by assigning different weights based on its predictions in this work, the Harbor seal whiskers optimization algorithm with a random update is employed to optimize the tuned parameters based on the datasets. The experimental results revealed that the proposed method improved the efficiency in the process of multimodal disease risk prediction. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Support vector machines

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EHRT-RWB: A Novel Ensemble Hybrid Recurrent Transformer for Multimodal Heart Disease Risk Prediction

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第2期106卷 475-486页

作者： Irene, D. Shiny Peter, J. Selvin Paul Sankarasubramanian, Nivetha Krishnakanth, S. Praveen Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing Colllege of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Campus Chennai India

The disease that contains the highest mortality and morbidity across the world is cardiac disease. Annually millions of people are affected and deaths take place due to cardiac diseases worldwide. There are various diagnostic measures for the prediction of heart diseases. However, these techniques consist of some errors, delays, and high-cost consumption. These limitations affect the patients in many ways such as inadequate medication during the right time, affecting their mental health, affecting their physical health, and sometimes death. Hence, there is a need for an effective automatic multimodal disease risk prediction mechanism related to heart diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes the Ensemble hybrid recurrent transformer-based random wolf bird (EHRT-RWB) algorithm. The details of the patient acquired as input by the heart disease dataset are preprocessed initially and classification is performed with the EHRT-RWB methodology. The RNN method extracts reliable features and helps to study the temporal sequence data. Time series classifications are maintained with the help of the transformer method and the ensemble method integrates advanced cutting-edge technologies for performance augmentation. Finally, the RWB algorithm selects and tunes the hyperparameters of the developed classification method. Experiments conducted using certain performance assessment measures and the comparison with existing strategies show the method achieves superior cardiac disease detection performance with the highest accuracy score of 98.7%. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Birds

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Integration of data science with the intelligent IoT(IIoT): Current challenges and future perspectives

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 280-298页

作者： Inam Ullah Deepak Adhikari Xin Su Francesco Palmieri Celimuge Wu Chang Choi Department of Computer Engineering Gachon University University of Electronic Science and Technology of China College of Information Science and Engineering Hohai University Department of Computer Science University of Salerno Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications

The Intelligent Internet of Things(IIoT) involves real-world things that communicate or interact with each other through networking technologies by collecting data from these “things” and using intelligent approaches, such as Artificial Intelligence(AI) and machine learning, to make accurate decisions. Data science is the science of dealing with data and its relationships through intelligent approaches. Most state-of-the-art research focuses independently on either data science or IIoT, rather than exploring their integration. Therefore, to address the gap, this article provides a comprehensive survey on the advances and integration of data science with the Intelligent IoT(IIoT) system by classifying the existing IoT-based data science techniques and presenting a summary of various characteristics. The paper analyzes the data science or big data security and privacy features, including network architecture, data protection, and continuous monitoring of data, which face challenges in various IoT-based systems. Extensive insights into IoT data security, privacy, and challenges are visualized in the context of data science for IoT. In addition, this study reveals the current opportunities to enhance data science and IoT market development. The current gap and challenges faced in the integration of data science and IoT are comprehensively presented, followed by the future outlook and possible solutions.

关键词： Data science Internet of things (IoT) Big data Communication systems Networks Security Data science analytics

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Deep Learning-Based Cloud Security: Innovative Attack Detection and Privacy Focused Key Management

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IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年第6期74卷 1978-1989页

作者： Ahmad, Shahnawaz Arif, Mohd Mehfuz, Shabana Ahmad, Javed Nazim, Mohd Bennett University School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Greater Noida201310 India Galgotias University School of Computer Science & Engineering Greater Noida203201 India Jamia Millia Islamia Department of Electrical Engineering New Delhi110025 India Sharda University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sharda School of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida201310 India Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computer Science and IT Greater Noida201306 India

Cloud computing (CC) is widely adopted in sectors like education, healthcare, and banking due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. However, its internet-based nature exposes it to cyber threats, necessitating advanced security frameworks. Traditional models suffer from high false positives and limited adaptability. To address these challenges, VECGLSTM, an attack detection model integrating Variable Long Short-Term Memory (VLSTM), capsule networks, and the Enhanced Gannet Optimization Algorithm (EGOA), is introduced. This hybrid approach enhances accuracy, reduces false positives, and dynamically adapts to evolving threats. EGOA is employed for its superior optimization capability, ensuring faster convergence and resilience. Additionally, Chaotic Cryptographic Pelican Tunicate Swarm Optimization (CCPTSO) is proposed for privacy-preserving key management. This model combines chaotic cryptographic techniques with the Pelican Tunicate Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PTSOA), leveraging the pelican algorithm’s exploration strength and the tunicate swarm’s exploitation ability for optimal encryption security. Performance evaluation demonstrates 99.675% accuracy, 99.5175% recall, 99.7075% precision, and 99.615% F1-score, along with reduced training (1.79s), encryption (0.986s), and decryption (1.029s) times. This research significantly enhances CC security by providing a scalable, adaptive framework that effectively counters evolving cyber threats while ensuring efficient key management. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud security

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Enhancing sarcasm detection through grasshopper optimization with deep learning based sentiment analysis on social media

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2025年第3期17卷 1785-1791页

作者： Srinu, Nidamanuri Sivaraman, K. Sriram, M. School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai 600073 India

Detecting sarcasm in social media presents challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to the informal language, contextual complexities, and nuanced expression of sentiment. Integrating sentiment analysis (SA) with sarcasm detection enhances the understanding of text meaning. Deep learning (DL), utilizing neural networks to grasp lexical and contextual features, offers a method for sarcasm detection. However, current DL-based sarcasm detection methods often overlook sentiment semantics, a crucial aspect for improving detection outcomes. Therefore, this study develops a new sarcasm detection using grasshopper optimization algorithm with DL (SD-GOADL) technique. The SD-GOADL technique aims to explore the patterns that exist in social media data and detect sarcasm. To obtain this, the SD-GOADL technique undergoes data pre-processing and Glove based word embedding technique. Next, the classification of sarcasm takes place using deep belief network (DBN) system. For enhancing the detection results of the DBN approach, the SD-GOADL technique uses GOA for hyperparameter selection process. The stimulation outcome of the SD-GOADL technique is tested on a sarcasm dataset and the results highlight the significant performance of the SD-GOADL technique compared to recent models. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Deep learning Grasshopper optimization algorithm Natural language processing Sarcasm detection Sentiment analysis

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Toward AI-Augmented Formal Verification: A Preliminary Investigation of ENGRU and Its Challenges

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 84357-84379页

作者： Dechsupa, Chanon Panboonyuen, Teerapong Vatanawood, Wiwat Padungweang, Praisan So-In, Chakchai Khon Kaen University College of Computing Department of Computer Science Khon Kaen400002 Thailand Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Bangkok10300 Thailand

State-space graphs and automata serve as fundamental tools for modeling and analyzing the behavior of computational systems. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and language models are deeply intertwined, as RNNS provide the foundational architecture that enables language models to process sequential data, capture contextual dependencies, and improve natural language processing tasks. Both RNNs and state-space graphs help evaluate discrete-time systems within this formal framework. However, the basic question of their equivalence remains an open challenge regarding the models governing sentence structure in natural language and the formal model in automata theory. In this paper, we present ENGRU (Enhanced Gated Recurrent Units), a novel deep learning-based approach for formal verification. ENGRU integrates concepts of model checking techniques, Colored Petri Nets (CPNs), and sequential learning to analyze systems at a high level of abstraction. CPN models undergo state-space enumeration via a model-checking tool, generating a state-space graph and an automaton from inherent state transition patterns. These graphs are transformed into sequential representations as sub-paths, enabling ENGRU to learn the execution paths and predict system behaviors. ENGRU effectively predicts goal states within discrete-time models by the competency of gated recurrent mechanisms, encouraging early bug detection and allowing predictive state-space exploration. Experimental results demonstrate that ENGRU’s ability achieves high accuracy and efficiency in goal state predictions. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Model checking

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