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A systematic mapping to investigate the application of machine learning techniques in requirement engineering activities

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第6期9卷 1412-1434页

作者： Shoaib Hassan Qianmu Li Khursheed Aurangzeb Affan Yasin Javed Ali Khan Muhammad Shahid Anwar School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingJiangsuChina Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXianShaanxiChina Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering&Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldUK Department of AI and Software Gachon University Seongnam-siSeongnamSouth Korea

Over the past few years,the application and usage of Machine Learning(ML)techniques have increased exponentially due to continuously increasing the size of data and computing *** the popularity of ML techniques,only a few research studies have focused on the application of ML especially supervised learning techniques in Requirement engineering(RE)activities to solve the problems that occur in RE *** authors focus on the systematic mapping of past work to investigate those studies that focused on the application of supervised learning techniques in RE activities between the period of 2002–*** authors aim to investigate the research trends,main RE activities,ML algorithms,and data sources that were studied during this ***-five research studies were selected based on our exclusion and inclusion *** results show that the scientific community used 57 *** those algorithms,researchers mostly used the five following ML algorithms in RE activities:Decision Tree,Support Vector Machine,Naïve Bayes,K-nearest neighbour Classifier,and Random *** results show that researchers used these algorithms in eight major RE *** activities are requirements analysis,failure prediction,effort estimation,quality,traceability,business rules identification,content classification,and detection of problems in requirements written in natural *** selected research studies used 32 private and 41 public data *** most popular data sources that were detected in selected studies are the Metric Data Programme from NASA,Predictor Models in software engineering,and iTrust Electronic Health Care System.

关键词： data sources machine learning requirement engineering supervised learning algorithms

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Q-Cogni: An Integrated Causal Reinforcement Learning Framework

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第12期5卷 6186-6195页

作者： Da Costa Cunha, Cristiano Liu, Wei French, Tim Mian, Ajmal University of Western Australia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering PerthWA6009 Australia

We present Q-Cogni, an algorithmically integrated causal reinforcement learning framework that redesigns Q-Learning to improve the learning process with causal inference. Q-Cogni achieves improved policy quality and learning efficiency with a prelearned structural causal model of the environment, queried to guide the policy learning process with an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in a state-action space. By doing so, we not only leverage the sample efficient techniques of reinforcement learning but also enable reasoning about a broader set of policies and bring higher degrees of interpretability to decisions made by the reinforcement learning agent. We apply Q-Cogni on vehicle routing problem (VRP) environments including a real-world dataset of taxis in New York City using the Taxi and Limousine Commission trip record data. We show Q-Cogni's capability to achieve an optimally guaranteed policy (total trip distance) in 76% of the cases when comparing to shortest-path-search methods and outperforming (shorter distances) state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms in 66% of cases. Additionally, since Q-Cogni does not require a complete global map, we show that it can start efficiently routing with partial information and improve as more data is collected, such as traffic disruptions and changes in destination, making it ideal for deployment in real-world dynamic settings. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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On learning the right attention point for feature enhancement

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第1期66卷 131-143页

作者： Liqiang LIN Pengdi HUANG Chi-Wing FU Kai XU Hao ZHANG Hui HUANG College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University

We present a novel attention-based mechanism to learn enhanced point features for point cloud processing tasks, e.g., classification and segmentation. Unlike prior studies, which were trained to optimize the weights of a pre-selected set of attention points, our approach learns to locate the best attention points to maximize the performance of a specific task, e.g., point cloud classification. Importantly, we advocate the use of single attention point to facilitate semantic understanding in point feature learning. Specifically,we formulate a new and simple convolution, which combines convolutional features from an input point and its corresponding learned attention point(LAP). Our attention mechanism can be easily incorporated into state-of-the-art point cloud classification and segmentation networks. Extensive experiments on common benchmarks, such as Model Net40, Shape Net Part, and S3DIS, all demonstrate that our LAP-enabled networks consistently outperform the respective original networks, as well as other competitive alternatives, which employ multiple attention points, either pre-selected or learned under our LAP framework.

关键词： point convolution feature enhancement attention point deep neural network

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Advances in Manta Ray Foraging Optimization:A Comprehensive Survey

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2024年第2期21卷 953-990页

作者： Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh Shafi Ghafouri Mohammad Namazi Bahman Arasteh Department of Computer Engineering Urmia BranchIslamic Azad UniversityUrmiaIran Department of Computer Engineering Tabriz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTabrizIran Department of Computer Engineering Maybod BranchIslamic Azad UniversityMaybodIran Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural ScienceIstinye UniversityIstanbulTurkey

This paper comprehensively analyzes the Manta Ray Foraging Optimization(MRFO)algorithm and its integration into diverse academic *** in 2020,the MRFO stands as a novel metaheuristic algorithm,drawing inspiration from manta rays’unique foraging behaviors—specifically cyclone,chain,and somersault *** biologically inspired strategies allow for effective solutions to intricate physical *** its potent exploitation and exploration capabilities,MRFO has emerged as a promising solution for complex optimization *** utility and benefits have found traction in numerous academic *** its inception in 2020,a plethora of MRFO-based research has been featured in esteemed international journals such as IEEE,Wiley,Elsevier,Springer,MDPI,Hindawi,and Taylor&Francis,as well as at international conference *** paper consolidates the available literature on MRFO applications,covering various adaptations like hybridized,improved,and other MRFO variants,alongside optimization *** trends indicate that 12%,31%,8%,and 49%of MRFO studies are distributed across these four categories respectively.

关键词： Manta ray foraging optimization Metaheuristic algorithms Hybridization Improved Optimization

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CLIP-Flow:Decoding images encoded in CLIP space

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第6期10卷 1157-1168页

作者： Hao Ma Ming Li Jingyuan Yang Or Patashnik Dani Lischinski Daniel Cohen-Or Hui Huang Visual Computing Research Center College of Computer Science and Software EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Computer Science Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel School of Computer Science and Engineering the Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 91904Israel

This study introduces CLIP-Flow,a novel network for generating images from a given image or *** effectively utilize the rich semantics contained in both modalities,we designed a semantics-guided methodology for image-and text-to-image *** particular,we adopted Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining(CLIP)as an encoder to extract semantics and StyleGAN as a decoder to generate images from such ***,to bridge the embedding space of CLIP and latent space of StyleGAN,real NVP is employed and modified with activation normalization and invertible *** the images and text in CLIP share the same representation space,text prompts can be fed directly into CLIP-Flow to achieve text-to-image *** conducted extensive experiments on several datasets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed image-to-image synthesis *** addition,we tested on the public dataset Multi-Modal CelebA-HQ,for text-to-image *** validated that our approach can generate high-quality text-matching images,and is comparable with state-of-the-art methods,both qualitatively and quantitatively.

关键词： image-to-image text-to-image contrastive language-image pretraining(CLIP) flow StyleGAN

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DevDynaP: A Dynamic Local Community Detection Algorithm

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SN computer science 2025年第4期6卷 1-11页

作者： Bakhtar, Sahar Harutyunyan, Hovhannes A. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

Recent years have witnessed the rapid growth of social network services. Real-world social networks are huge and changing over time. Consequently, the problems in this area have become more complex. Community detection is one of the most important problems in social networks. A good community can be defined as a group of nodes that are highly connected to each other and loosely connected to the nodes outside the community. Regarding the fact that social networks are huge in size, having complete information about the whole network is almost impossible. As a result, the problem of local community detection has become more popular in recent years. However, the problem of community detection in dynamic networks is well-investigated, the local community detection is not widely addressed by researchers in dynamic networks. In this paper, a dynamic local community detection algorithm is proposed. The purpose of the proposed algorithm is to explore the network as fast as possible and detect communities as well. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm discovers the unknown parts of networks faster than similar algorithms. Also, the detected communities by the proposed algorithm outperform that of the compared algorithm in different snapshots. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Dynamic social network Geodesic distance metric Local community detection Modularity

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Deepfake Audio Detection for Urdu Language Using Deep Neural Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 97765-97778页

作者： Ahmad, Omair Khan, Muhammad Sohail Jan, Salman Khan, Inayat University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Software Engineering Mardan Pakistan Arab Open University Faculty of Computer Studies A’Ali732 Bahrain University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science Mardan Pakistan

Audio Deepfakes, which are highly realistic fake audio recordings driven by AI tools that clone human voices, With Advancements in Text-Based Speech Generation (TTS) and Vocal Conversion (VC) technologies have enabled it easier to create realistic synthetic and imitative speech, making audio Deepfakes a common and potentially dangerous form of deception. Well-known people, like politicians and celebrities, are often targeted. They get tricked into saying controversial things in fake recordings, causing trouble on social media. Even kids’ voices are cloned to scam parents into ransom payments, etc. Therefore, developing effective algorithms to distinguish Deepfake audio from real audio is critical to preventing such frauds. Various Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) techniques have been created to identify audio Deepfakes. However, most of these solutions are trained on datasets in English, Portuguese, French, and Spanish, expressing concerns regarding their correctness for other languages. The main goal of the research presented in this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning neural networks in detecting audio Deepfakes in the Urdu language. Since there’s no suitable dataset of Urdu audio available for this purpose, we created our own dataset (URFV) utilizing both genuine and fake audio recordings. The Urdu Original/real audio recordings were gathered from random youtube podcasts and generated as Deepfake audios using the RVC model. Our dataset has three versions with clips of 5, 10, and 15 seconds. We have built various deep learning neural networks like (RNN+LSTM, CNN+attention, TCN, CNN+RNN) to detect Deepfake audio made through imitation or synthetic techniques. The proposed approach extracts Mel-Frequency-Cepstral-Coefficients (MFCC) features from the audios in the dataset. When tested and evaluated, Our models’ accuracy across datasets was noteworthy. 97.78% (5s), 98.89% (10s), and 98.33% (15s) were remarkable results for the RNN+LSTM

关键词： Deep neural networks

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An Experimental Study on Dynamic Lifelong Learning with GPT for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 90316-90332页

作者： Huang, Huang Mustafa, Mumtaz Begum Asemi, Adeleh University of Malaya Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Department of Software Engineering Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Branch Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Isfahan81551-39998 Iran

GPT is widely recognized as one of the most versatile and powerful large language models, excelling across diverse domains. However, its significant computational demands often render it economically unfeasible for individuals and small businesses, underscoring the need for efficient, domain-specific alternatives. In Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA), existing models are typically optimized for single domains, facing challenges in performing effectively across multiple domains. A key issue, known as "catastrophic forgetting,"arises when models trained on one domain lose previously learned knowledge upon exposure to new domain data. This leads to two significant problems: limited cross-domain generalization and difficulty in retaining prior knowledge while learning domain-specific information. To address these challenges, we introduce the Dynamic Lifelong Learning Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis GPT (DllaGPT), a model designed to handle multiple domains while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Leveraging datasets from four ABSA domains - Laptops, Restaurants, Tweets, and Finance - this study fine-tunes a pretrained GPT model from HuggingFace sequentially across domains. DllaGPT employs a mechanism to retain real data from earlier domains during new domain training, effectively preserving prior knowledge. Experimental results highlight that DllaGPT achieves an average accuracy of 0.85 and a Backward Transfer (BWT) score of -0.09 across the four domains, showcasing its high accuracy and robust lifelong learning capabilities. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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A mathematical multi-objective optimization model and metaheuristic algorithm for effective advertising in the social internet of things

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4797-4821页

作者： Molaei, Reza Rahsepar Fard, Kheirollah Bouyer, Asgarali Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology University of Qom Qom Iran Department of Software Engineering Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science Istinye University Istanbul Turkey

The integration of social networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) has been explored in recent research, giving rise to the Social Internet of Things (SIoT). One promising application of SIoT is viral marketing, which plays a critical role in modern advertising. However, current solutions proposed for viral marketing are often impractical in real-world scenarios, and there has been limited investigation into viral marketing within the context of SIoT. To address this issue, we present a multi-objective integer linear programming model named ILP-ASoT that facilitates advertising through SIoT. Our approach introduces two realistic parameters: the node sociality rate and the node appropriateness rate as an advertising destination. By balancing the cost of selecting a seed set with the number of users who receive the advertisement, our model offers an appropriate trade-off. Since this is proven as an NP-hard problem, A PSO-based metaheuristic algorithm is proposed to provide near-optimal solutions for advertising in SIoT, called PSO-ASoT. Through simulations, we show that our PSO-ASoT algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in several metrics, such as influence spread, advertising cost, and duplicated advertising rate. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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Advanced Optimized Anomaly Detection System for IoT Cyberattacks Using Artificial Intelligence

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1525-1545页

作者： Ali Hamid Farea Omar H.Alhazmi Kerem Kucuk Department of Computer Science Taibah UniversityMedina42315Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering Kocaeli UniversityKocaeli41001Turkey

While emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT)have many benefits,they also pose considerable security challenges that require innovative solutions,including those based on artificial intelligence(AI),given that these techniques are increasingly being used by malicious actors to compromise IoT *** an ample body of research focusing on conventional AI methods exists,there is a paucity of studies related to advanced statistical and optimization approaches aimed at enhancing security *** contribute to this nascent research stream,a novel AI-driven security system denoted as“AI2AI”is presented in this ***2AI employs AI techniques to enhance the performance and optimize security mechanisms within the IoT *** also introduce the Genetic Algorithm Anomaly Detection and Prevention Deep Neural Networks(GAADPSDNN)sys-tem that can be implemented to effectively identify,detect,and prevent cyberattacks targeting IoT ***,this system demonstrates adaptability to both federated and centralized learning environments,accommodating a wide array of IoT *** evaluation of the GAADPSDNN system using the recently complied WUSTL-IIoT and Edge-IIoT datasets underscores its *** an impressive overall accuracy of 98.18%on the Edge-IIoT dataset,the GAADPSDNN outperforms the standard deep neural network(DNN)classifier with 94.11%***,with the proposed enhancements,the accuracy of the unoptimized random forest classifier(80.89%)is improved to 93.51%,while the overall accuracy(98.18%)surpasses the results(93.91%,94.67%,94.94%,and 94.96%)achieved when alternative systems based on diverse optimization techniques and the same dataset are *** proposed optimization techniques increase the effectiveness of the anomaly detection system by efficiently achieving high accuracy and reducing the computational load on IoT devices through the adaptive selection of active features.

关键词： Internet of Things security anomaly detection and prevention system artificial intelligence optimization techniques

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