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Multi-criteria decision analysis: technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution for selecting greener analytical method in the determination of mifepristone in environmental water samples

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Environmental science and Pollution Research 2024年第20期31卷 29460-29471页

作者： Makwakwa, Tlou A. Moema, Dineo E. Msagati, Titus A. M. Department of Chemistry College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Florida Johannesburg1709 South Africa Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Florida Johannesburg1709 South Africa

This work proposes the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to select a more environmentally friendly analytical procedure. TOPSIS, which stands for Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, is an example of a MCDA method that may be used to rank or select best alternative based on various criteria. Thirteen analytical procedures were used in this study as TOPSIS input choices for mifepristone determination in water samples. The input data, which consisted of these choices, was described using assessment criteria based on 12 principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC). Based on the objective mean weighting (MW), the weights for each criterion were assigned equally. The most preferred analytical method according to the ranking was solid phase extraction with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (SPE-MEKC), while solid phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS) was ranked last. TOPSIS ranking results were also compared to the green metrics NEMI, Eco-Scale, GAPI, AGREE, and AGREEprep that were used to assess the greenness of thirteen analytical methods for mifepristone determination. The results demonstrated that only the AGREE metric tool correlated with TOPSIS;however, there was no correlation with other metric tools. The analysis results suggest that TOPSIS is a very useful tool for ranking or selecting the analytical procedure in terms of its greenness and that it can be easily integrated with other green metrics tools for method greenness assessment. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Phase separation

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AI-Based Security Protocols for IoT Applications: A Critical Review

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Recent Advances in computer science and Communications 2023年第5期16卷 2-18页

作者： Chadha, Harshita Gupta, Shruti Khanna, Ashish Kumar, Neeraj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology New Delhi India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology Punjab Chandigarh India

The Internet Of Things (IoT) is a network of heterogeneous nodes that exchange data and critical information amongst themselves with minimum human intervention. The utility of this technology is large, thus it is used today in most modern applications. With billions of nodes connected across multiple applications, the area for potential security attacks is ever increasing. In addition to this, the nature of the data being transmitted also becomes more sensitive to the latest applications and this calls for effective security provisions. Due to its unique nature, traditional security provisions are not as successfully applicable in IoT networks. This leaves these networks vulnerable to malicious intruders. In such a scenario, Artificial Intelligence (AI) comes out as a powerful solution. This article serves to provide an overview of previously proposed AI-based solutions that can be applied to IoT networks to secure them. An industry-wide overview of security provisions is provided by categorizing IoT applications into three broad sectors, namely, healthcare, smart grid, and smart city. The survey strives to give a clear industry-oriented vision of the available AI solutions and address the requirement of an application-ready security survey in the field. © 2023 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Internet of things

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Autonomous embodied navigation task generation from natural language dialogues

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 119-132页

作者： Haifeng XU Yongchang LI Lumeng MA Chunwen LI Yanzhi DONG Xiaohu YUAN Huaping LIU Department of Automation Tsinghua University School of Physics and Electronic Information Yantai University School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Robots are increasingly being deployed in densely populated environments, such as homes, hotels, and office buildings, where they rely on explicit instructions from humans to perform tasks. However, complex tasks often require multiple instructions and prolonged monitoring, which can be time-consuming and demanding for users. Despite this, there is limited research on enabling robots to autonomously generate tasks based on real-life scenarios. Advanced intelligence necessitates robots to autonomously observe and analyze their environment and then generate tasks autonomously to fulfill human requirements without explicit commands. To address this gap, we propose the autonomous generation of navigation tasks using natural language dialogues. Specifically, a robot autonomously generates tasks by analyzing dialogues involving multiple persons in a real office environment to facilitate the completion of item transportation between various *** propose the leveraging of a large language model(LLM) through chain-of-thought prompting to generate a navigation sequence for a robot from dialogues. We also construct a benchmark dataset consisting of 625 multiperson dialogues using the generation capability of LLMs. Evaluation results and real-world experiments in an office building demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： proactive robot robot navigation service robot large language model

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Preventing 51% Attack by Using Consecutive Block Limits in Bitcoin

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 77852-77869页

作者： Mahmood Babur, Sohail Ur Rehman Khan, Shafiq Yang, Jing Chen, Yen-Lin Soon Ku, Chin Yee Por, Lip Government Murray College Department of Information Technology Sialkot51010 Pakistan Capital University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Islamabad44730 Pakistan Universiti Malaya Department of Computer System and Technology Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia National Taipei University of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei106344 Taiwan Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Department of Computer Science Kampar31900 Malaysia

In permissionless blockchain systems, Proof of Work (PoW) is utilized to address the issues of double-spending and transaction starvation. When an attacker acquires more than 50% of the hash power of the entire network, they gain the ability to engage in double-spending activities, posing a significant threat to the PoW consensus algorithm. This research focuses on the consensus algorithm employed in the Bitcoin system, explaining how it operates and the security challenges it faces. The proposed modification to the PoW algorithm imposes a restriction on miners: they are not allowed to accept consecutive blocks from the same miner into the final local blockchain to prevent the 51% attack problem. This modification supports transactions that require six confirmations. In the event an attacker attempts a 51% attack with a private chain that consists of fewer than 6 blocks, it becomes easier to detect a double-spending attack before accepting the attacker's private chain. The modified algorithm introduces a 'Safe Mode Detection Algorithm' that scrutinizes incoming blocks for adjustments at the top of the local blockchain. If inconsistencies are identified, the consensus algorithm proceeds cautiously by comparing the UTXO dictionaries from the attacker's chain with those from the miner's own blockchain. This meticulous comparison aims to detect instances of double-spending. If such instances are detected, the miner rejects the attacker's chain, establishing a double-spend-free environment and thwarting 51% attacks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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STPM: Spatial-Temporal Token Pruning and Merging for Complex Activity Recognition

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video technology 2024年第6期35卷 5407-5418页

作者： Su, Yumeng Zhang, Jiachao Yan, Rui Li, Pengpeng Xie, Guosen Shu, Xiangbo Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Nanjing Institute of Technology Artificial Intelligence Industrial Technology Research Institute Nanjing211167 China Nanjing University Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing210023 China

Lightweight video representation techniques have advanced significantly for simple activity recognition, but they still encounter several issues when applied to complex activity recognition: (i) The presence of numerous individuals and varying spatial positions makes it difficult for traditional token pruning methods to maintain accuracy. (ii) Simply discarding entire frames may result in the loss of crucial clues. (iii) To maintain parallel computing, applying the same pruning rate to every frame leads to significant redundancy in frames with low information content. To this end, we propose a lightweight and novel Spatial-Temporal Token Pruning and Merging (STPM) framework, specifically designed for complex action videos where human actors occupy a small spatial resolution within video frames. Our framework considers two critical factors: semantic importance and spatial-temporal redundancy, to further reduce overhead. For semantic importance, STPM captures class-specific attention scores by learning multiple class tokens within the transformer to guide token pruning. For spatial-temporal redundancy, STPM employs an anchor graph and temporal attention to perform spatial and temporal token merging, preserving appearance and temporal cues while eliminating semantic duplication and redundancy. We conduct extensive experiments on JRDB-PAR primarily using recently introduced video transformer backbones, e.g., MViT and ViT. Our framework achieves similar results while requiring 40% less computation. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Adaptive Neighborhood Adjustment Strategy Based On MOHHO and NSGA-III Algorithms for Feature Selection

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024年第5期54卷 917-935页

作者： Papasani, Anusha Durgam, Revathi Devarakonda, Nagaraju Computer Science and Engineering Department Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation AndhraPradesh Vaddeswaram522502 India Computer Science and Engineering Department AVN Institute of Engineering and Technology Telangana Hyderabad501510 India Science and Engineering Department VIT-AP University AP Amaravati522237 India

The efficiency of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) in tackling issues with multiple objectives is examined. However, it is noted that current MOEA-based feature selection techniques often converge towards the center of the Pareto front due to inadequate selection forces. The study proposes the utilization of a novel approach known as MOEA/D, which partitions complex multi-objective problems into smaller, more feasible single-objective sub-problems. Each sub-problem may then be addressed using an equal amount of computational resources. The predetermined size of the neighborhood used by MOEA/D may lead to a delay in the algorithm's merging and reduce the effectiveness of the failure. The paper proposes the Adaptive Neighbourhood Adjustment Strategy (ANAS) as a novel approach to improve the efficiency of multi-objective optimisation algorithms in order to tackle this issue. The ANAS algorithm allows for adaptive adjustment of the subproblem neighborhood size, hence enhancing the trade-off between merging and variety. In the following section of the study, a novel feature selection technique called MOGHHNS3/D-ANA is introduced. This technique utilizes ANAS to expand the potential solutions for a particular subproblem. The approach evaluates the chosen features using the Regulated Extreme Learning Machine (RELM) classifier on sixteen benchmark datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that MOGHHNS3/D-ANA outperforms four commonly employed multi-objective techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, coverage, hamming loss, ranking loss, and training time, error. The APBI approach in decomposition-based multi-objective optimization focuses on handling constraints by adjusting penalty parameters to guide the search towards feasible solutions. On the other hand, the ANA approach focuses on dynamically adjusting the neighborhood size or search direction based on the proximity of solutions in the detached space to adapt the search process.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Recognition of American sign language using modified deep residual CNN with modified canny edge segmentation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Hariharan, U. Devarajan, Devikanniga Kumar, P. Santhosh Rajkumar, K. Meena, M. Akilan, T. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Apex Institute of Technology Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali140413 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering GITAM University Karnataka Bengaluru561203 India Department of Information Technology Faculty of Engineering and technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Tamil Nadu Chennai600089 India Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu Chennai603203 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Tamil Nadu Tambaram602109 India Research Coordinator Dept. of IQAC Amity University Kolkata West Bengal 700135 India

American Sign Language (ASL) recognition aims to recognize hand gestures, and it is a crucial solution to communicating between the deaf community and hearing people. However, existing sign language recognition algorithms still have some drawbacks, such as difficulty recognizing hand movements and low recognition accuracy for most sign language recognition. A Modified Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN) deep residual 101 classifier-based American Sign Language identification system has been developed to address this problem. There are three main parts presents in the method. The first part is pre-processing the images to remove the noise, enhance the contrast of the picture, adjust the contrast level and smoothen the picture using various filters. The second part is the segmentation, and it’s used to partition the image using a modified canny edge detection method by removing all weak edges present in the image. Finally, classification will be done using the Modified CNN deep residual 101 classifiers. By classifying the image, the American Sign Language is accurately identified. This process is conducted through images. The outcome shows that the suggested approach has a 0.97% accuracy and a 0.05% False Positive Rate. Other CNN architectures such as resNet 50 and resNet 18 reached 0.90% and 0.80% accuracy, respectively, which is lower than our proposed method. In addition, the resNet 101 classifier effectively recognizes the difficult hand gestures through the image data. It obtains high recognition accuracy for 36 signs is 0 to 9 numbers and a to z alphabets from American Sign Language. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Fine-Tuning Cyber Security Defenses: Evaluating Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers for Windows Malware Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2917-2939页

作者： Islam Zada Mohammed Naif Alatawi Syed Muhammad Saqlain Abdullah Alshahrani Adel Alshamran Kanwal Imran Hessa Alfraihi Department of Software Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabad25000Pakistan Information Technology Department Faculty of Computers and Information TechnologyUniversity of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of PeshawarPeshawar25121Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Malware attacks on Windows machines pose significant cybersecurity threats,necessitating effective detection and prevention *** machine learning classifiers have emerged as promising tools for malware ***,there remains a need for comprehensive studies that compare the performance of different classifiers specifically for Windows malware *** this gap can provide valuable insights for enhancing cybersecurity *** numerous studies have explored malware detection using machine learning techniques,there is a lack of systematic comparison of supervised classifiers for Windows malware *** the relative effectiveness of these classifiers can inform the selection of optimal detection methods and improve overall security *** study aims to bridge the research gap by conducting a comparative analysis of supervised machine learning classifiers for detecting malware on Windows *** objectives include Investigating the performance of various classifiers,such as Gaussian Naïve Bayes,K Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifier(SGDC),and Decision Tree,in detecting Windows *** the accuracy,efficiency,and suitability of each classifier for real-world malware detection *** the strengths and limitations of different classifiers to provide insights for cybersecurity practitioners and *** recommendations for selecting the most effective classifier for Windows malware detection based on empirical *** study employs a structured methodology consisting of several phases:exploratory data analysis,data preprocessing,model training,and *** data analysis involves understanding the dataset’s characteristics and identifying preprocessing *** preprocessing includes cleaning,feature encoding,dimensionality reduction,and optimization to prepare the data for *** training utilizes various

关键词： Security and privacy challenges in the context of requirements engineering supervisedmachine learning malware detection windows systems comparative analysis Gaussian Naive Bayes K Nearest Neighbors Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifier Decision Tree

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Pyram: a robust and attack-resistant perceptual image hashing using pyramid histogram of gradients

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International Journal of Information technology (Singapore) 2024年第8期16卷 5331-5349页

作者： Neog, Prabhakar Sharma Roy, Moumita Sangale, Tejas Jain, Nandita Dahal, Aditi Patgiri, Ripon Thounaojam, Dalton Meitei Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Silchar Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University

Perceptual image hashing is a significant and time-effective method for recognizing images within extensive databases, focusing on achieving two key objectives: robustness and discrimination. The right balance between these two aspects remains a significant challenge in contemporary hashing research. Moreover, many image hashing algorithms face limitations when performing satisfactorily against specific image processing attacks, such as rotation. With this in mind, a rotation correction based perceptual image hashing system is designed called as Pyram using a pyramid histogram of gradients (PHOG). The system exploits the properties of log polar transform for invariance to geometric distortions and then the PHOG in blocks for generating the final hash vector. In computing hash similarity, the correlation is employed as the metric of choice. The trade-off between robustness and discrimination is evaluated on benchmark databases against single and double attacks. Furthermore, the comprehensive experiments further confirm that the PHOG method consistently delivers better accuracy than its state-of-the-art methods. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Log-Polar Transform Perceptual image hashing PHOG

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Multi-view GCN for loan default risk prediction

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第20期36卷 12149-12162页

作者： Li, Zihao Chen, Yakun Wang, Xianzhi Yao, Lina Xu, Guandong School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney Broadway SydneyNSW2007 Australia School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Garden SydneyNSW2052 Australia

As a significant application of machine learning in financial scenarios, loan default risk prediction aims to evaluate the client’s default probability. However, most existing deep learning solutions treat each application as an independent individual, neglecting the explicit connections among different application records. Besides, these attempts suffer from the problem of missing data and imbalanced distribution (i.e., the default records are small samples against all the applications). We believe similar records could provide some auxiliary signals, which are of critical importance to alleviate the data missing issue and facilitate data argumentation. To this end, we propose multi-view loan application graphs, dubbed MLAGs. By evaluating the similarity between the records, a loan application graph can be constructed. Furthermore, we arrange different similarity thresholds to organize various graph structures for multi-graph constructions;thus, a variety of representations can be generated via information propagation and aggregation for small sample argumentation. Consequently, the imbalanced data distribution and missing values issues can be alleviated effectively. We conduct experiments on three public datasets from real-world home credit and P2P lending platforms, which show that MGCN outperforms both conventional and deep learning models. Ablation studies also illustrated the validity of each module design. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Forecasting

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