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Novel methodology for apple leaf disease classification with PCNN-IELM

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4895-4913页

作者： Navpreet Roul, Rajendra Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala147004 India

Agriculture is crucial to the global economy, particularly in ensuring food security. Recent trends indicate that various plant diseases are causing substantial financial losses in the agricultural sector worldwide. Traditional manual inspection methods for detecting fruit and plant diseases are labor-intensive and inefficient. Adopting automated disease detection technologies could significantly enhance early diagnosis and reduce the economic impact of these diseases on agriculture. This study introduces an advanced model for classifying apple diseases by integrating a pre-trained convolutional neural network (PCNN), such as VGG16, VGG19, or ResNet50, with an incremental extreme learning machine (I-ELM) for efficient feature extraction and classification. A key innovation of this model is replacing the PCNN’s fully connected layer with the I-ELM, which eliminates the lengthy back-propagation process and significantly reduces training time. Integrating I-ELM with PCNN harnesses the rapid learning capabilities and robust generalization of I-ELM with the superior feature extraction abilities of CNNs. I-ELM simplifies the network architecture by avoiding the complex neural networks commonly used in other methods. The model’s effectiveness is rigorously evaluated on the well-known Plant Village dataset, demonstrating its ability to identify various apple diseases through performance metrics such as precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the F1-score. Comparing existing deep learning models using these metrics highlights its superior performance. This innovation is up-and-coming for intelligent agricultural systems, offering an effective solution for classifying apple diseases and enabling timely and innovative farming practices. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fruits

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Cultivating road safety: A comprehensive examination of intelligent ensemble-based road crack detection

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10747-10780页

作者： Navpreet Roul, Rajendra Kumar Rani, Rinkle Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Punjab Patiala147004 India

Detecting and promptly identifying cracks on road surfaces is of paramount importance for preserving infrastructure integrity and ensuring the safety of road users, including both drivers and pedestrians. Presently, the predominant approach for crack detection relies on labor-intensive and costly manual inspections, exacerbated by the enduring challenge of concrete road cracks susceptible to environmental factors like temperature fluctuations, heavy traffic loads, and prolonged exposure to harsh weather conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive research initiative aimed at advancing road crack detection techniques. The proposed method leverages a classical Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in conjunction with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for efficient feature extraction and classification. A pivotal breakthrough is achieved by replacing the fully connected layer of the CNN with ELM, thus circumventing the time-consuming backpropagation process and significantly expediting the training process. This integration harnesses ELM’s swift learning capabilities and strong generalization performance, complemented by the CNN’s exceptional feature extraction abilities. The model’s effectiveness is rigorously assessed using the wide recognized CCIC, SDNET2018, and Synthesized datasets, and its proficiency in distinguishing between Crack and No-Crack regions is demonstrated through various performance metrics. Furthermore, the model’s performance is benchmarked against existing deep learning models using these performance metrics, showcasing its superior performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Roads and streets

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Leveraging feature fusion ensemble of VGG16 and ResNet-50 for automated potato leaf abnormality detection in precision agriculture

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 2263-2277页

作者： Trivedi, Amit Kumar Mahajan, Tripti Maheshwari, Tanmay Mehta, Rajesh Tiwari, Shailendra Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala147001 India

In the era of advancement in technology and modern agriculture, early disease detection of potato leaves will improve crop yield. Various researchers have focussed on disease due to different types of microbial infection in potato leaves using computer vision and machine learning approaches. In this paper, a data science approach for multiclass classification of potato normal and abnormal leaves due to fungal infection like early blight and late blight is performed using the ensembling of deep learning (DL) CNN models. Firstly, the performance of classification on potato disease is verified separately on VGG16 and ResNet-50 CNN models after pre-processing of the leaf dataset. The pre-processing includes noise removal and normalization. Further improvement in classification accuracy is achieved by the ensembling of VGG16 and ResNet-50 CNN models. The ensembling of CNN models is performed on the feature level by fusing features extracted using VGG16 and ResNet-50. From the experimental results, performed on publicly available datasets consisting of 2152 number of normal and abnormal images it is observed that the average classification accuracy of 98.22%, 96.16% and 95.68% is achieved using the proposed ensemble, VGG16 and ResNet-50 models respectively. The efficacy of the proposed approach (ensemble technique at feature level fusion) is verified in comparison with recently reported DL model-based approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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SuspAct: novel suspicious activity prediction based on deep learning in the real-time environment

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第34期36卷 21307-21320页

作者： Kansal, Sachin Jain, Akshat Kumar Biswas, Moyukh Bansal, Shaurya Mahindru, Namay Kansal, Priya Computer Science Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India

In today’s evolving landscape of video surveillance, our study introduces SuspAct, an innovative ensemble model designed to detect suspicious activities in real time swiftly. Leveraging advanced Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Networks (LRCN), SuspAct represents a significant advancement in intelligent surveillance technology. By combining insights from various LRCN models through the Majority Voting ensemble technique, SuspAct enhances its overall robustness, outperforming traditional surveillance methods. Through rigorous experimentation on large-scale datasets, we demonstrate SuspAct’s superiority in proactive crime prevention, showcasing its potential to revolutionize security protocols and contribute substantially to public safety. Our work addresses the challenges posed by the escalating volume of video data and lays a strong foundation for future advancements in intelligent video surveillance technology. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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Heart sound classification method using gammatonegram and SVM

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-37页

作者： Taneja, Kriti Arora, Vinay Verma, Karun Computer Science and Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India

Today cardiovascular diseases have been posing a serious threat to human lives all over the world. Various automated decision-making systems have been proposed by the researchers to help cardiologists to diagnose heart health with more perfection, thus, reducing the frequency of fatalities. This research aims at classifying the Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals captured from the functioning of the cardiac system as normal or abnormal. The methodology proposed here has been validated using the benchmark dataset PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology (CinC) 2016. As of this writing, the studies carried out using contemporary techniques have so far been unable to generate pictorial representation from cardiac audio recordings that match the way the ear processes sound. The present research suggests a unique methodology for the detection of important events in an audio signal using a biologically-inspired depiction of the audio stream through a picture known as Gammatonegram which correlates to the processing of audio in the cochlea membrane of the inner human auditory system. In this study, texture-related features which include Linear Ternary Pattern (LTP), Local Directional Pattern (LDP), Geometric Local Textural Pattern (GLTP), and Local Phase Quantization (LPQ) have been extracted from a visual representation of PCG signal such as Spectrogram, Scalogram, Mel-spectrogram, and Gammatonegram. As compared to the case when researchers were employing other images, it has been noticed that the fusion of the features retrieved from the Gammatonegram has led to an increased overall classification performance metrics. The experiment yielded an overall accuracy of 94.00 % with precision and F1 scores of 91.77 and 93.61 respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Heart

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Investigation of decay mechanisms and associated aspects of exotic nobelium isotopes using the Skyrme energy density formalism

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第3期49卷 132-142页

作者： Shubhpreet Kaur Raj Kumar Manoj K.Sharma Department of Physics and Materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatiala 147004India

The search for heavy elements has yielded many surprises and enhanced our knowledge of nuclear synthesis and associated dynamical *** new elements and their associated isotopes have been synthesized,information concerning elements with Z≥102,remains ***,concerning the transfermium elements,the nuclear shell structure is key to ensuring nuclear ***,the shell effects have key implications on such *** experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted to examine the reactions induced by heavy ions and the subsequent decay mechanisms in the superheavy mass *** addition,the region of transfermium elements is of great interest because of the neutron/proton shell ***,our objective is to analyze the decay mechanisms of nuclides having Z=102 nuclei,i.e.,^(248)No*and^(250)No*.An extensive study was conducted using the dynamical cluster-decay model(DCM)based on Quantum Mechanical Fragmentation Theory(QMFT).The focus was to investigate compound nucleus(CN)and non-compound nucleus(nCN)mechanisms,including fusion-fission(ff),quasi-fission(QF),and fast fission(FF).The specific isotopes of interest are^(248)No*and^(250)No*,with attention given to the role of the center-of-mass energy(E_(c.m))and angular momentum(l).The nuclear interaction potential was derived using the Skyrme energy density formalism(SEDF)with the GSkI force *** capture cross-sections were calculated using the-summed Wong *** determination of the probability of compound nucleus formation(PCN)involved a function that is dependent upon the center-of-mass *** lifetimes of the ff and QF channels were also ***,CN and nCN decay mechanisms for two isotopes of Z=102 nobelium were analyzed over the range of center-of-mass values(E_(c.m))considering the quadrupole deformationβ_(2)and optimum orientations(θ_(opt))of the decaying *** fragmentation potential,preformation probability,neck length parameter,and

关键词： super heavy nuclei Z=102 cross-sections lifetimes

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Verification of news and certificate, and plagiarism detector

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Jain, Pushpak Anand, Dewansh Rajni Behal, Vansh Kapoor, Vipul Sharma, Neha Jindal, Neeru Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Patiala India

Fake news, Fake certification, and Plagiarism are the most common issues arising these days. During this COVID-19 situation, there are a lot of rumors and fake news spreading and some of us are using fake certification to avoid vaccination and plagiarism became the most common topic during online studies. It is found that several apps and websites are present for the detection of false news and plagiarism. However, there is no single website for the detection of fake certificates. Moreover, nothing is made that consists of all these features in one platform. So, this proposed work develops a website for detecting fake news, Fake certificate, and plagiarism detector. The proposed method uses Natural Language Processing techniques for detecting NPC (news, plagiarism, and certificate). The proposed work uses image processing with some Python libraries like OpenCV in all the detections and that makes it quite interesting. For detecting NPC (news, plagiarism, and certificate) the algorithm is built using a k-mean model, logistic regression, and neural network. The proposed work uses the datasets that are trained using the count vectorizer method for the detection and to get its accuracy which will be tested using machine learning algorithms. The proposed method has shown an accuracy rate of 94.28% on Logistics Regression in comparison to existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Fake news Machine learning Natural language processing Plagiarism Social media platform

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Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning, Ensemble Learning and Deep Learning Classifiers for Parkinson’s Disease Detection

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SN computer science 2024年第1期5卷 1-14页

作者： Goyal, Palak Rani, Rinkle Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala India

A progressive neurodegenerative ailment called Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by the death of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra area of the brain. The exact etiology of PD remains elusive, but it is believed to involve the presence of Lewy bodies, abnormal protein aggregates, in affected brain regions, leading to the mobile symptoms of PD. Hence, as the management of PD continues to evolve, there is a growing demand for the establishment of a descriptive system that enables the early detection of PD. In this study, we conducted an extensive analysis using machine learning, ensemble learning, and deep learning models with different hyperparameters to develop accurate classification models for PD prediction. To enhance classifier performance and address overfitting, we employed principal component analysis (PCA) for feature selection along with various preprocessing techniques. The dataset used consisted of voice samples, comprising 188 PD patients and 64 normal individuals. Our results demonstrated that the Random Forest (RF) model with accuracy of 82.37% outperformed the other base classifiers Among the ensemble classifiers, the LGBM model exhibited the highest accuracy of 85.90% when compared to both base and ensemble classifiers. Notably, the deep learning model has 91.33% training accuracy and 85.02% testing accuracy, suggesting that deep learning models perform comparably equivalent on small datasets compared to machine learning classifiers. Overall, our findings underscore the effectiveness of machine learning, ensemble techniques and deep learning models in accurately predicting PD. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Deep learning Hyperparameters LGBM Machine learning Parkinson’s disease Random forest

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Enhancing Indian sign language recognition through data augmentation and visual transformer

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第24期36卷 15103-15116页

作者： Singla, Venus Bawa, Seema Singh, Jasmeet Department of Computer Science Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Adarsh Nagar Punjab Patiala147004 India

This paper introduces a novel approach to Indian Sign Language Recognition (ISLR) by integrating Keras, Visual Transformers (ViT), and sophisticated data augmentation techniques. Our methodology emphasizes the development of a Vision Transformer model trained on a comprehensive dataset, enhanced with both image data and keypoint information, leveraging the capabilities of the Mediapipe library. To improve the model’s ability to generalize, we applied advanced augmentation strategies, including ImageDataGenerator, among others. Through extensive experimentation, involving rigorous hyperparameter optimization across numerous epochs, we sought to determine the most effective model configuration. The results of our validation process revealed a promising evaluation loss of 0.2941 and an impressive accuracy rate of 97.52%. This integration of data augmentation techniques with ViT transformers establishes a groundbreaking framework in the field of ISLR, underscoring its significant potential for practical implementation and marking a substantial progression in the technology for sign language recognition. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Classifying chest x-rays for COVID-19 through transfer learning: a systematic review

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第2期84卷 689-748页

作者： Mallick, Devanshi Singh, Arshdeep Ng, Eddie Yin-Kwee Arora, Vinay Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Punjab Patiala India Wipro Limited Gurugram India School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Computer Science Engineering Department Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Punjab Patiala India

This study makes a comprehensive assessment of the predominant Transfer Learning (TL) techniques employed for the classification of COVID-19 cases in Chest X-rays (CXR) images. The methodologies have been selected on the basis of their merits and demerits, suitability, and possible impact on the development of the region being studied. The study examines the various methods of TL employed in the classification of COVID-19 cases with the objective to gain a deeper understanding about all the aspects of these methodologies. It can be of great significance for the researchers and medical professionals in making well-informed decisions about the implementation of these techniques to improve the precision and effectiveness of COVID-19 diagnosis. The practical consequences of these techniques help in early identification of such cases for having a suitable intervention. As many as 48 studies conducted during the period 2020–2023 have been included in the current research work for having an assessment about the problem under investigation. The study has specifically focused on transfer learning-based models utilized for the identification of COVID-19 through CXR pictures. It highlights the challenges posed by dataset dynamics, methodological variations, and performance metrics of different models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： COVID-19

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