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Predicting early ASD traits of adults and toddlers using machine learning and deep learning with explainable AI and optimization

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Rahman, Md. Ashiqur Hossain, Md. Mamun Singh, Sondip Poul Sharmin, Nusrat Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and a range of strengths and differences in cognitive abilities. Early ASD diagnosis using machine learning and deep learning techniques is crucial for preventing its severity and long-term effects. The articles published in this area have only applied different machine learning algorithms, and a notable gap observed is the absence of an in-depth analysis in terms of hyperparameter tuning and the type of dataset used in this context. This study investigated predictive modeling for ASD traits by leveraging two distinct datasets: (i) a raw CSV dataset with tabular data and (ii) an image dataset with facial expression. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of ASD trait prediction in adults and toddlers by doing hyper optimized and interpreting the result through explainable AI. In the CSV dataset, a comprehensive exploration of machine learning and deep learning algorithms, including decision trees, Naive Bayes, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression, XGBoost, and ANN, was conducted. XGBoost emerged as the most effective machine learning algorithm, achieving an accuracy of 96.13%. The deep learning ANN model outperformed the traditional machine learning algorithms with an accuracy of 99%. Additionally, an ensemble model combining a decision tree, random forest, SVM, KNN, and logistic regression demonstrated superior performance, yielding an accuracy of 96.67%. The XGBoost model, utilized in hyperparameter optimization for CSV data, exhibited a substantial accuracy increase, reaching 98%. For the image dataset, advanced deep learning models, such as ResNet50, VGG16, Boosting, and Bagging, were employed. The bagging model outperformed the others, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99%. Subsequent hyperparameter optimization was conduct

关键词： Random forests

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Multilevel chaotic encryption model with cyclic redundancy check for medical data

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3581-3603页

作者： Sharma, Suvita Rani Singh, Birmohan Kaur, Manpreet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

In telemedicine applications, it is crucial to ensure the authentication, confidentiality, and privacy of medical data due to its sensitive nature and the importance of the patient information it contains. Communication through open networks is insecure and has many vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to unauthorized access and misuse. Encryption models are used to secure medical data from unauthorized access. In this work, we propose a bit-level encryption model having three phases: preprocessing, confusion, and diffusion. This model is designed for different types of medical data including patient information, clinical data, medical signals, and images of different modalities. Also, the proposed model is effectively implemented for grayscale and color images with varying aspect ratios. Preprocessing has been applied based on the type of medical data. A random permutation has been used to scramble the data values to remove the correlation, and multilevel chaotic maps are fused with the cyclic redundancy check method. A circular shift is used in the diffusion phase to increase randomness and security, providing protection against potential attacks. The CRC method is further used at the receiver side for error detection. The performance efficiency of the proposed encryption model is proved in terms of histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation analysis, signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, number of pixels changing rate, and unified average changing intensity. The proposed bit-level encryption model therefore achieves information entropy values ranging from 7.9669 to 8.000, which is close to the desired value of 8. Correlation coefficient values of the encrypted data approach to zero or are negative, indicating minimal correlation in encrypted data. Resistance against differential attacks is demonstrated by NPCR and UACI values exceeding 0.9960 and 0.3340, respectively. The key space of the proposed model is 1096, which is substantially mor

关键词： Telemedicine

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HViTML: Hybrid vision transformer with machine learning-based classification model for glaucomatous eye

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Singh, Piyush Bhushan Singh, Pawan Dev, Harsh Batra, Devanshu Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Information Technology Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Babu Banarasi Das University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India

Glaucoma is currently one of the most significant causes of permanent blindness. Fundus imaging is the most popular glaucoma screening method because of the compromises it has to make in terms of portability, size, and cost. In recent years, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. Convolution is a "local" CNN technique that is only applicable to a small region surrounding an image. Vision Transformers (ViT) use self-attention, which is a "global" activity since it collects information from the entire image. As a result, the ViT can successfully gather distant semantic relevance from an image. This study examined several optimizers, including Adamax, SGD, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adafactor, Nadam, and Adagrad. With 1750 Healthy and Glaucoma images in the IEEE fundus image dataset and 4800 healthy and glaucoma images in the LAG fundus image dataset, we trained and tested the ViT model on these datasets. Additionally, the datasets underwent image scaling, auto-rotation, and auto-contrast adjustment via adaptive equalization during preprocessing. The results demonstrated that preparing the provided dataset with various optimizers improved accuracy and other performance metrics. Additionally, according to the results, the Nadam Optimizer improved accuracy in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the IEEE dataset by up to 97.8% and in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the LAG dataset by up to 92%, both of which were followed by auto rotation and image resizing processes. In addition to integrating our vision transformer model with the shift tokenization model, we also combined ViT with a hybrid model that consisted of six different models, including SVM, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Decision Tree, KNN, and Random Forest, based on which optimizer was the most successful for each dataset. Empirical results show that the SVM Model worked well and improved accuracy by up to 93% with precision of up to 94% in the adaptive equalization preprocess

关键词： Decision trees

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CLASSIFICATION OF ROYAL DELICIOUS APPLES USING HYBRID FEATURE SELECTION AND FEATURE WEIGHTING METHOD BASED ON SVM CLASSIFIER

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Scalable Computing 2025年第2期26卷 940-949页

作者： Kaur, Sandeep Sachan, Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Ashwani Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

Fruit safety is a critical component of the global economy, particularly within the agricultural sector. There has been a recent surge in the incidence of diseases affecting fruits, leading to economic setbacks in agriculture worldwide. Conventional manual assessment methods are laborious, prompting the exploration of automated computerized techniques for evaluating fruit quality. This research presents a novel method for assessing the quality of golden delicious apples. A dataset comprising 1256 apple images was gathered under controlled conditions. Afterward Feature extraction focuses on texture features like LBP, GLCM, GLDM, DTF, and Gabor features, color features, and shape and size features. A total of 18654 features are extracted and normalized using z-score. A hybrid method for feature selection and weighting involves the mRMR algorithm to eliminate redundant features and the Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm for feature weighting, enhancing classification performance. The SVM machine learning technique, augmented with optimized features, yielded a 10.53% improvement in accuracy compared to SVM alone. Validation against state-of-the-art methods using Friedman’s mean rank test underscored the statistical significance of this approach across various metrics. © 2025 SCPE.

关键词： Fruits

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Hybrid RMDL-CNN for speech recognition from unclear speech signal

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International Journal of Speech technology 2025年第1期28卷 195-217页

作者： Bhargava, Raja Arivazhagan, N. Babu, Kunchala Suresh Research Scholar Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Potti Sriramulu Chaluvadi Mallikarjuna Rao college of Engineering and Technology Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada India

ASR is an effectual approach, which converts human speech into computer actions or text format. It involves extracting and determining the noise feature, the audio model, and the language model. The extraction and determination of the noise feature is a crucial aspect of speech recognition, serving as both a process of information compression and signal deconvolution. ASR schemes are mostly employed in smart homes, smart appliances, and biometric schemes. Yet, traditional approaches offer very low performance because of a noisy environment. Moreover, local differences and accents negatively influence the ASR scheme execution during the conversion of the speech signals. This paper introduces a hybrid RMDL-CNN method to address these challenges. At first, the input of unclear speech is carried out by the dataset. Then, signal pre-processing is done by employing a Gaussian filter. After that, voice enhancement is accomplished by employing nonlinear spectral subtraction. Later, the speech word is segmented from the enhanced output based on the Attentional Encoder-Decoder approach and finally, the speech is recognized using the proposed RMDL-CNN. The RMDL-CNN method is devised by the combination of RMDL and CNN. Furthermore, the established RMDL-CNN is accessed for its efficiency based on several values of k-group value, as well as learning data. In addition, the introduced RMDL-CNN approach for speech recognition achieved better accuracy, PPV, as well as NPV of 0.909, 0.947, and 0.917 for dataset 1. Moreover, the RMDL-CNN has achieved the highest accuracy of 0.909, PPV of 0.926 and NPV of 0.888 for dataset 2. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Impact of Lightning Impulse on the Performance of Microgrid and Low-voltage AC Distribution Network 13

Impact of Lightning Impulse on the Performance of Microgrid ...

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13th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, CSNT 2024

作者： Kaushal, Jitender Basak, Prasenjit Apex Institute of Technology Chandigarh University Department of Computer Science Punjab Mohali India Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305463

A photovoltaic (PV) generator integrated low voltage (LV) distribution system may be affected by lightning strikes due to thunderstorms. In this paper, a PV generatorintegrated LV distribution network is considered to analyse the effect of lightning causing the generation of a travelling wave. The lightning impulse is modelled and simulated at various locations of the proposed model. The voltage and current profiles due to the injection of lightning impulse have been analysed. The variations in frequency causing changes in impedance are also observed in the proposed model simulated using MATLAB-Simulink software. In addition, it is observed that the nominal voltage and current waveforms at different buses are affected by the lightning impulse voltage, and the impact of lightning voltage gradually decreases as the distance of the line from the point of lightning increases. This kind of simulation work of lightning impulse and its effect on power systems will be beneficial for the power system engineers/researchers at the level of research and development of protection systems of AC distribution networks/microgrids. The proposed methodology is reproducible for the analysis of lightning effects on grid-connected LV microgrid systems for any other models, irrespective of the nature of resources and their geographical locations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power distribution

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Microgrids with day-ahead energy forecasting for efficient energy management in smart grids: hybrid CS-RERNN

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Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics engineering 2024年第3期21卷 213-227页

作者： Shirley, C.P. Pattar, Jagannath Kavitha Rani, P. Saini, Sumit Ranga, Jarabala Elangovan, D. Venkatakrishna Reddy, Ch. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle India Department of M.Tech Computer Science and Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering & Technology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh India Detartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ramachandra College of Engineering Eluru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chaitanya Bharathi institute of technology Hyderabad India

By integrating smart grid technology with home energy management systems, households can monitor and optimise their energy consumption. This allows for more efficient use of energy resources, reducing waste and lowering energy bills. In this manuscript, a hybrid approach is proposed for smart grid home energy management with microgrids and day-ahead energy forecasts. The proposed control approach combines the Circle Search (CS) algorithm and Recalling-Enhanced Recurrent Neural Network (RERNN). Commonly it is named as CS-RERNN technique. The novelty of this paper is to optimise energy consumption and production within microgrids, thereby contributing to the overall efficiency of the smart grid system. The proposed method is used to reduce the electricity cost, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and maximising consumer comfort. Energy management is performed based on the CS algorithm. A smart home connected to the external power grid (PG) is managed by the proposed method. Here, load demand is predicted by using RERNN. By then, the performance of the proposed method is implemented in MATLAB platform. The proposed method shows a high efficiency of 96%, and 22 $ of low electricity bill cost compared with other existing methods such as Particle swarm optimisation (PSO), Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA, and Border collie Optimisation (BCO). ©, Engineers Australia.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Data-driven output regulation control for constrained linear systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 338-353页

作者： Chaoyu XIA Yi DONG Chaoli WANG Shengyuan XU Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous SystemsTongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology Department of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology

This study introduces a data-driven approach for state and output feedback control addressing the constrained output regulation problem in unknown linear discrete-time systems. Our method ensures effective tracking performance while satisfying the state and input constraints, even when system matrices are not available. We first establish a sufficient condition necessary for the existence of a solution pair to the regulator equation and propose a data-based approach to obtain the feedforward and feedback control gains for state feedback control using linear programming. Furthermore, we design a refined Luenberger observer to accurately estimate the system state, while keeping the estimation error within a predefined set. By combining output regulation theory, we develop an output feedback control strategy. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proved to be asymptotically stable by further leveraging the concept of λ-contractive sets.

关键词： output regulation constrained system data-driven.

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Global-local term fusion for optimised community Q&A topic modelling

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International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications 2024年第1期15卷 50-69页

作者： Prabha, Sneh Sardana, Neetu Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida India

Community question and answer (Q&A) websites have become invaluable information and knowledge-sharing sources. Effective topic modelling on these platforms is crucial for organising and navigating the vast amount of user-generated content. To address these challenges, we propose a novel global-local term fusion with optimised community (GLOCOM) Q&A topic modelling approach that leverages both local and global term importance to enhance topic modelling on community Q&A websites. GLOCOM combines term frequency-inverse document frequency for local importance and entropy for global importance. Further, we employ fuzzy clustering to enhance the representation of multifaceted topics. Furthermore, clustering results are optimised using a genetic algorithm (GA) to refine cluster assignments and centroids. We compared the proposed model with baseline models LDA and FLSA. GLOCOM has performed consistently well for all topic numbers. It has shown an improvement of 8.86% in silhouette score as compared to LDA and excelled for datasets with size > 3 MB. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Inverse problems

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SMART DRIVING LICENSING SYSTEM AND AUTHORIZATION OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE INTEGRATING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS AND IoT

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2024年第9期83卷 69-85页

作者： Santhakumar, D. Sudhan, M.B. Prasanna, R. Manikandan, S.P. Prathaban, Banu Priya Kanna, Rajesh R. Saravanan, G. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Ramapuram India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology Chennai India Department of Networking and Communications School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sri Sairam Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India

The advent of autonomous vehicles has revolutionized the automotive industry, offering promising advancements in safety, efficiency, and mobility. To integrate these autonomous vehicles into our society seamlessly, it is imperative to establish a robust licensing system that ensures the safe operation of automated vehicles on public roads. This article presents an effective smart Driving Licensing System (SDLS), a digital framework designed to regulate the existing licensing system and authorize licensing for autonomous vehicles. Through a comprehensive assessment process, the system assesses the drivers and the autonomous vehicle’s ability to navigate various road conditions, respond to dynamic environments, and prioritize safety for passengers and other road users. SDLS integrates high-level security through facial and fingerprint verification for identity verification to preserve licensing data. Hacking and unauthorized access to autonomous vehicles is prevented by robust cybersecurity protocols. The key benefits of SDLS include automated data collection, integration of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT), smart application processing, real-time license checks, cybersecurity measures, automated testing, and digital certification. The proposed system offers a comprehensive approach to safely integrating autonomous vehicles into our transportation ecosystem. The autonomous vehicles are integrated with antennas at rooftops or into bumpers, depending upon the vehicle design which can be connected with the SDLS for signal communication. Furthermore, the SDLS establishes a framework for continuous monitoring and updates, enabling ongoing assessments to keep pace with evolving technology and safety standards. © 2024 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

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