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Seizure Prediction on EEG Signals using Feature Augmentation based Multi Model Ensemble

Recent Patents on engineering 2025年第1期19卷 41-49页

作者： Anandaraj, A. Alphonse, P.J.A. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Eshwar College of Engineering Coimbatore India Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Tiruchirappalli India

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that leads to seizures. This occurs due to excessive electrical discharge by the brain cells. An effective seizure prediction model can aid in improving the lifestyle of epilepsy patients. After analyzing various patents related to seizure prediction, it is observed that monitoring electroencephalography (EEG) signals of epileptic patients is an important task for the early diagnosis of seizures. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to assist epileptic patients to enhance their way of living by predicting the seizure in advance. Methods: This paper builds a feature augmentation-based multi-model ensemble-based architecture for seizure prediction. The proposed technique is divided into 2 broad categories;feature augmentation and ensemble modeling. The feature augmentation process builds temporal features while the multi-model ensemble has been designed to handle the high complexity levels of the EEG data. The first phase of the multi-model ensemble has been designed with heterogeneous classifier models. The second phase is based on the prediction results obtained from the first phase. Experiments were performed using the seizure prediction dataset from the University Hospital of Bonn. Results: Comparison indicates 98.7% accuracy, with improvement of 5% from the existing model. High prediction levels indicate that the model is highly capable of providing accurate seizure predictions, hence ensuring its applicability in real time. Conclusion: The result of this paper has been compared with existing methods of predicting seizures and it indicated that the proposed model has better enhancement in the accuracy levels. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Encryption of medical data based on blockchain and multi-chaotic maps

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第17期84卷 17871-17892页

作者： Sharma, Suvita Rani Singh, Birmohan Kaur, Manpreet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

In this work, the SHA-256 mapper of the blockchain has been utilized to secure medical data from brute-force attacks. The uniform distribution and lower correlation of the encrypted data are achieved using the multi-chaotic in the encryption approach. Also, the circular shift method is employed in the approach to avoid differential attacks. The encryption approach is applied to secure the patient information, medical signals (ECG and EEG), and medical images (Grayscale, RGB, and Hyperspectral). The performance of the proposed approach has been analyzed for twenty signals and fifty medical images. Performance metrics such as MSE, SNR, PSNR, entropy, histogram, variance, chi-square, NPCR, UACI, and SSIM have been considered to check the resilience of the proposed approach against various types of attacks. The proposed approach satisfies the requirements of performance metrics by achieving higher MSE values with lower SNR and PSNR values for the encrypted data. Furthermore, the proposed methodology attains an entropy approaching 8, signifying robust randomness and resistance against entropy attacks. The SSIM values for encrypted images are close to 0, indicating significant dissimilarity from the original images. The NPCR values surpassing 99.60% and UACI exceeding 33.40% demonstrate resilience against differential attacks in the proposed approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Cryptography

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Predicting early ASD traits of adults and toddlers using machine learning and deep learning with explainable AI and optimization

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Rahman, Md. Ashiqur Hossain, Md. Mamun Singh, Sondip Poul Sharmin, Nusrat Dhaka1216 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and a range of strengths and differences in cognitive abilities. Early ASD diagnosis using machine learning and deep learning techniques is crucial for preventing its severity and long-term effects. The articles published in this area have only applied different machine learning algorithms, and a notable gap observed is the absence of an in-depth analysis in terms of hyperparameter tuning and the type of dataset used in this context. This study investigated predictive modeling for ASD traits by leveraging two distinct datasets: (i) a raw CSV dataset with tabular data and (ii) an image dataset with facial expression. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of ASD trait prediction in adults and toddlers by doing hyper optimized and interpreting the result through explainable AI. In the CSV dataset, a comprehensive exploration of machine learning and deep learning algorithms, including decision trees, Naive Bayes, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression, XGBoost, and ANN, was conducted. XGBoost emerged as the most effective machine learning algorithm, achieving an accuracy of 96.13%. The deep learning ANN model outperformed the traditional machine learning algorithms with an accuracy of 99%. Additionally, an ensemble model combining a decision tree, random forest, SVM, KNN, and logistic regression demonstrated superior performance, yielding an accuracy of 96.67%. The XGBoost model, utilized in hyperparameter optimization for CSV data, exhibited a substantial accuracy increase, reaching 98%. For the image dataset, advanced deep learning models, such as ResNet50, VGG16, Boosting, and Bagging, were employed. The bagging model outperformed the others, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99%. Subsequent hyperparameter optimization was conduct

关键词： Random forests

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Halo reduction multi-exposure image fusion technique

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第13期84卷 12347-12370页

作者： Sharif, Rizwan Amin, Benish Sukhia, Komal Nain Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Space Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Space Technology Islamabad Pakistan

Multi-exposure image fusion (MEF) involves combining images captured at different exposure levels to create a single, well-exposed fused image. MEF has a wide range of applications, including low light, low contrast, night photography, medical imaging, and remote sensing. However, MEF methods often face issues like artifacts, halos around edges, color inconsistencies, noise amplification, and difficulty in preserving fine details. Moreover, assessing the quality of fused images objectively is complex due to the subjective nature of human perception. Solving the challenges is essential to developing efficient MEF techniques that produce high-quality results across various scenarios. The proposed technique introduces an approach to handling halo artifacts and implementing MEF. The Dense Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (DSIFT) is used to capture vital information about image brightness, texture, and edges from source images. Three weight maps are computed from the local mean, signal strength, and the global gradient for initial weight estimation. The local mean represents the brightness of specific image areas, signal strength preserves essential details like textures and edges while reducing image noise, and global gradient helps identify regions with significant pixel value shifts across multiple exposure images. The weight maps are then combined using a weighted average and a Gaussian smoothing filter is applied to reduce inherent noise and discontinuities in the original weights. Subsequently, pyramid decomposition is performed to generate a fused image. The efficiency of the proposed method is extensively tested on challenging multi-exposure image sequences. The results of the proposed approach demonstrate its superiority in both subjective evaluation and objective metrics like the MEF-Structural Similarity Index (MEF-SSIM), Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE) and Gradient based performance measure (QAB/f). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer

关键词： Image fusion

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Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection Using YOLOv8 with Whale Optimization Algorithm

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SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety 2025年第1期13卷 15-33页

作者： Nandal, Priyanka Pahal, Sudesh Sharma, Tripti Omesh, Omesh Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering India Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering India Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology Department of Information Technology India

Driver fatigue and drowsiness portray an integral role in the frequency of road accidents. Putting in place policies intended to alert drivers is imperative for averting accidents and saving lives. This work aims to improve road safety by devising a real-Time driver drowsiness detection system. To accomplish this, drowsiness is detected using YOLOv8 algorithm optimized with the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). Key facial cues such as eye closure and yawning frequency are monitored to analyze driving behavior by the suggested approach. YOLOv8 model optimized with WOA processes video streams in real time and sets off an alarm on the graphical user interface (GUI) dashboard based on the output. The proposed approach was investigated using two datasets namely UTA-RLDD and D3S. A 640 × 640 pixel image with a frame rate of 50 fps was used in the investigation. The mAP at 0.5 (mean average precision at 0.5 IoU (intersection over union) threshold) of drowsiness detection system using UTA-RLDD dataset is 85.4% and using D3S dataset is 84.3%. It was indicated by the obtained results that the WOA-optimized YOLOv8 model attains superior detection accuracy and quicker inference times in comparison to the contemporary methods. This analysis sets the stage for advancements in real-Time drowsiness detection techniques for implementation in vehicle safety systems. © 2025 SAE International. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces

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Multilevel chaotic encryption model with cyclic redundancy check for medical data

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3581-3603页

In telemedicine applications, it is crucial to ensure the authentication, confidentiality, and privacy of medical data due to its sensitive nature and the importance of the patient information it contains. Communication through open networks is insecure and has many vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to unauthorized access and misuse. Encryption models are used to secure medical data from unauthorized access. In this work, we propose a bit-level encryption model having three phases: preprocessing, confusion, and diffusion. This model is designed for different types of medical data including patient information, clinical data, medical signals, and images of different modalities. Also, the proposed model is effectively implemented for grayscale and color images with varying aspect ratios. Preprocessing has been applied based on the type of medical data. A random permutation has been used to scramble the data values to remove the correlation, and multilevel chaotic maps are fused with the cyclic redundancy check method. A circular shift is used in the diffusion phase to increase randomness and security, providing protection against potential attacks. The CRC method is further used at the receiver side for error detection. The performance efficiency of the proposed encryption model is proved in terms of histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation analysis, signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, number of pixels changing rate, and unified average changing intensity. The proposed bit-level encryption model therefore achieves information entropy values ranging from 7.9669 to 8.000, which is close to the desired value of 8. Correlation coefficient values of the encrypted data approach to zero or are negative, indicating minimal correlation in encrypted data. Resistance against differential attacks is demonstrated by NPCR and UACI values exceeding 0.9960 and 0.3340, respectively. The key space of the proposed model is 1096, which is substantially mor

关键词： Telemedicine

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HViTML: Hybrid vision transformer with machine learning-based classification model for glaucomatous eye

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Singh, Piyush Bhushan Singh, Pawan Dev, Harsh Batra, Devanshu Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Information Technology Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Babu Banarasi Das University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India

Glaucoma is currently one of the most significant causes of permanent blindness. Fundus imaging is the most popular glaucoma screening method because of the compromises it has to make in terms of portability, size, and cost. In recent years, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. Convolution is a "local" CNN technique that is only applicable to a small region surrounding an image. Vision Transformers (ViT) use self-attention, which is a "global" activity since it collects information from the entire image. As a result, the ViT can successfully gather distant semantic relevance from an image. This study examined several optimizers, including Adamax, SGD, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adafactor, Nadam, and Adagrad. With 1750 Healthy and Glaucoma images in the IEEE fundus image dataset and 4800 healthy and glaucoma images in the LAG fundus image dataset, we trained and tested the ViT model on these datasets. Additionally, the datasets underwent image scaling, auto-rotation, and auto-contrast adjustment via adaptive equalization during preprocessing. The results demonstrated that preparing the provided dataset with various optimizers improved accuracy and other performance metrics. Additionally, according to the results, the Nadam Optimizer improved accuracy in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the IEEE dataset by up to 97.8% and in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the LAG dataset by up to 92%, both of which were followed by auto rotation and image resizing processes. In addition to integrating our vision transformer model with the shift tokenization model, we also combined ViT with a hybrid model that consisted of six different models, including SVM, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Decision Tree, KNN, and Random Forest, based on which optimizer was the most successful for each dataset. Empirical results show that the SVM Model worked well and improved accuracy by up to 93% with precision of up to 94% in the adaptive equalization preprocess

关键词： Decision trees

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CLASSIFICATION OF ROYAL DELICIOUS APPLES USING HYBRID FEATURE SELECTION AND FEATURE WEIGHTING METHOD BASED ON SVM CLASSIFIER

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Scalable Computing 2025年第2期26卷 940-949页

作者： Kaur, Sandeep Sachan, Manoj Kumar Aggarwal, Ashwani Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

Fruit safety is a critical component of the global economy, particularly within the agricultural sector. There has been a recent surge in the incidence of diseases affecting fruits, leading to economic setbacks in agriculture worldwide. Conventional manual assessment methods are laborious, prompting the exploration of automated computerized techniques for evaluating fruit quality. This research presents a novel method for assessing the quality of golden delicious apples. A dataset comprising 1256 apple images was gathered under controlled conditions. Afterward Feature extraction focuses on texture features like LBP, GLCM, GLDM, DTF, and Gabor features, color features, and shape and size features. A total of 18654 features are extracted and normalized using z-score. A hybrid method for feature selection and weighting involves the mRMR algorithm to eliminate redundant features and the Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm for feature weighting, enhancing classification performance. The SVM machine learning technique, augmented with optimized features, yielded a 10.53% improvement in accuracy compared to SVM alone. Validation against state-of-the-art methods using Friedman’s mean rank test underscored the statistical significance of this approach across various metrics. © 2025 SCPE.

关键词： Fruits

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Hybrid RMDL-CNN for speech recognition from unclear speech signal

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International Journal of Speech technology 2025年第1期28卷 195-217页

作者： Bhargava, Raja Arivazhagan, N. Babu, Kunchala Suresh Research Scholar Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Potti Sriramulu Chaluvadi Mallikarjuna Rao college of Engineering and Technology Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada India

ASR is an effectual approach, which converts human speech into computer actions or text format. It involves extracting and determining the noise feature, the audio model, and the language model. The extraction and determination of the noise feature is a crucial aspect of speech recognition, serving as both a process of information compression and signal deconvolution. ASR schemes are mostly employed in smart homes, smart appliances, and biometric schemes. Yet, traditional approaches offer very low performance because of a noisy environment. Moreover, local differences and accents negatively influence the ASR scheme execution during the conversion of the speech signals. This paper introduces a hybrid RMDL-CNN method to address these challenges. At first, the input of unclear speech is carried out by the dataset. Then, signal pre-processing is done by employing a Gaussian filter. After that, voice enhancement is accomplished by employing nonlinear spectral subtraction. Later, the speech word is segmented from the enhanced output based on the Attentional Encoder-Decoder approach and finally, the speech is recognized using the proposed RMDL-CNN. The RMDL-CNN method is devised by the combination of RMDL and CNN. Furthermore, the established RMDL-CNN is accessed for its efficiency based on several values of k-group value, as well as learning data. In addition, the introduced RMDL-CNN approach for speech recognition achieved better accuracy, PPV, as well as NPV of 0.909, 0.947, and 0.917 for dataset 1. Moreover, the RMDL-CNN has achieved the highest accuracy of 0.909, PPV of 0.926 and NPV of 0.888 for dataset 2. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Microgrids with day-ahead energy forecasting for efficient energy management in smart grids: hybrid CS-RERNN

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Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics engineering 2024年第3期21卷 213-227页

作者： Shirley, C.P. Pattar, Jagannath Kavitha Rani, P. Saini, Sumit Ranga, Jarabala Elangovan, D. Venkatakrishna Reddy, Ch. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle India Department of M.Tech Computer Science and Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering & Technology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh India Detartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ramachandra College of Engineering Eluru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chaitanya Bharathi institute of technology Hyderabad India

By integrating smart grid technology with home energy management systems, households can monitor and optimise their energy consumption. This allows for more efficient use of energy resources, reducing waste and lowering energy bills. In this manuscript, a hybrid approach is proposed for smart grid home energy management with microgrids and day-ahead energy forecasts. The proposed control approach combines the Circle Search (CS) algorithm and Recalling-Enhanced Recurrent Neural Network (RERNN). Commonly it is named as CS-RERNN technique. The novelty of this paper is to optimise energy consumption and production within microgrids, thereby contributing to the overall efficiency of the smart grid system. The proposed method is used to reduce the electricity cost, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and maximising consumer comfort. Energy management is performed based on the CS algorithm. A smart home connected to the external power grid (PG) is managed by the proposed method. Here, load demand is predicted by using RERNN. By then, the performance of the proposed method is implemented in MATLAB platform. The proposed method shows a high efficiency of 96%, and 22 $ of low electricity bill cost compared with other existing methods such as Particle swarm optimisation (PSO), Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA, and Border collie Optimisation (BCO). ©, Engineers Australia.

关键词： Energy utilization

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