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Robust Facial Biometric Authentication System Using Pupillary Light Reflex for Liveness Detection of Facial Images

computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第4期139卷 725-739页

作者： Puja S.Prasad Adepu Sree Lakshmi Sandeep Kautish Simar Preet Singh Rajesh Kumar Shrivastava Abdulaziz S.Almazyad Hossam M.Zawbaa Ali Wagdy Mohamed CSE Department Geethanjali College of EngineeringHyderabadTelangana501301India Department of Computer Science LBEF CampusKathmandu44600Nepal School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology(SCSET) Bennett UniversityGreater Noida201310India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia CeADAR Ireland’s Centre for AI Technological University DublinDublinD07 EWV4Ireland Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

Pupil dynamics are the important characteristics of face spoofing *** face recognition system is one of the most used biometrics for authenticating individual *** main threats to the facial recognition system are different types of presentation attacks like print attacks,3D mask attacks,replay attacks,*** proposed model uses pupil characteristics for liveness detection during the authentication *** pupillary light reflex is an involuntary reaction controlling the pupil’s diameter at different light *** proposed framework consists of two-phase *** the first phase,the pupil’s diameter is calculated by applying stimulus(light)in one eye of the subject and calculating the constriction of the pupil size on both eyes in different video *** above measurement is converted into feature space using Kohn and Clynes model-defined *** Support Vector Machine is used to classify legitimate subjects when the diameter change is normal(or when the eye is alive)or illegitimate subjects when there is no change or abnormal oscillations of pupil behavior due to the presence of printed photograph,video,or 3D mask of the subject in front of the *** the second phase,we perform the facial recognition ***-invariant feature transform(SIFT)is used to find the features from the facial images,with each feature having a size of a 128-dimensional *** features are scale,rotation,and orientation invariant and are used for recognizing facial *** brute force matching algorithm is used for matching features of two different *** threshold value we considered is 0.08 for good *** analyze the performance of the framework,we tested our model in two Face antispoofing datasets named Replay attack datasets and CASIA-SURF datasets,which were used because they contain the videos of the subjects in each sample having three modalities(RGB,IR,Depth).The CASIA-SURF datasets showed an 89.9%Equal Err

关键词： SIFT pupil CASIA-SURF pupillary light reflex replay attack dataset brute force

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Advancements in Liver Tumor Detection:A Comprehensive Review of Various Deep Learning Models

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 91-122页

作者： Shanmugasundaram Hariharan D.Anandan Murugaperumal Krishnamoorthy Vinay Kukreja Nitin Goyal Shih-Yu Chen Deptartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Deptartment of CSE V.S.B College of EngineeringKarur639111India Deptartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Centre for Research Impact&Outcome Chitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering and TechnologyCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarh123031HaryanaIndia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan Intelligence Recognition Industry Service Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan

Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide,and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment *** Tumors(LTs)vary significantly in size,shape,and location,and can present with tissues of similar intensities,making automatically segmenting and classifying LTs from abdominal tomography images crucial and *** review examines recent advancements in Liver Segmentation(LS)and Tumor Segmentation(TS)algorithms,highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding precision,automation,and *** metrics are utilized to assess key detection algorithms and analytical methods,emphasizing their effectiveness and relevance in clinical *** review also addresses ongoing challenges in liver tumor segmentation and identification,such as managing high variability in patient data and ensuring robustness across different imaging *** suggests directions for future research,with insights into technological advancements that can enhance surgical planning and diagnostic accuracy by comparing popular *** paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of current liver tumor detection techniques,provides a roadmap for future innovations,and improves diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for liver cancer by integrating recent progress with remaining challenges.

关键词： Liver tumor detection liver tumor segmentation image processing liver tumor diagnosis feature extraction tumor classification deep learning machine learning

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Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graph with Heptapartitioend Structure

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Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 2025年 80卷 728-748页

作者： Fathi, Hanaa Myvizhi, M. Abdelhafeez, Ahmed Abdellah, Mohamed Refaat Eassa, Mohamed Sawah, Mohamed S. Elbehiery, Hussam College of Information Technology Amman Arab University Amman Jordan KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Computer Science Department Faculty of Information System and Computer Science October 6 University Giza12585 Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan The Department of Computer Science College of Information Technology Misr University for Science and Technology Cairo Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Ajloun National University P.O.43 Ajloun26810 Jordan

This study applies single-valued neutrosophic sets, which extend the frameworks of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to graph theory. We introduce a new category of graphs called Single-Valued Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Graphs (SVHNG) and investigate their characteristics through comprehensive proofs and illustrative examples. © 2025, University of New Mexico. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heptapartitioend Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Graph Neutrosophic Sets SVHN-Graph

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Structured Design of Multilevel Simulation Models 28

Structured Design of Multilevel Simulation Models

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28th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, DS-RT 2024

作者： Serena, Luca Marzolla, Moreno D'angelo, Gabriele University of Bologna Department of Computer Science and Engineering Italy University of Bologna Center for Inter Department Industrial Research ICT Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527211

Multilevel modeling is a design technique that allows complex models to be specified in terms of simpler ones. An obvious advantage of multilevel modeling is the possibility of reusing existing models, therefore reducing development cost. However, multilevel modeling entails more than the mere application of the ubiquitous principle of decomposition. Indeed, in a multilevel model the same entity may be described at different levels of detail during execution. This allows, for example, to focus on areas of interest by switching to a more detailed model, and revert back to a faster but less accurate one when possible. In this paper we propose GEMMA (GEneric Multilevel Modeling Abstraction), a methodology inspired by DEVS that can help the designer to produce sound and correct multilevel models. We propose a practical realization of GEMMA as a concrete software architecture that can be instantiated in different programming languages. We illustrate a simple use case where different sub-models written in different programming languages are combined according to the GEMMA methodology. Our ultimate goal is to bridge the gap between theory and practice of multilevel modeling, to foster a broader adoption of this useful technique. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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A Study on Cypher Assignment Based on Secrecy Capacity

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International Journal of Network Security 2024年第2期26卷 167-172页

作者： Yang, Cheng-Ying Chen, Jong-Shin Yao, Jenq-Foung J F Hwang, Min-Shiang Department of Computer Science University of Taipei Taipei Taiwan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Chaoyang University of Science and Technology Taiwan Computer Science Georgia College and State University Milledgeville United States Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering Asia University Taiwan Fintech and Blockchain Research Center Asia University Taiwan 500 Lioufeng Rd. Wufeng Taichung41354 Taiwan

Accessing wireless services is convenient but not secure. The issue of privacy and security is highly demanded on the internet. The information is sent with the undesired threats of eavesdroppers. Secure communication enables the desired receiver to correctly and successfully receive the information without interruption. In the meantime, a secure system protects the transmitted information from the eavesdroppers. Traditionally, encryption, authorization, and authentication schemes could be employed to protect from eavesdroppers. However, the unanticipated attacks have been developing. According to Shannon’s perfect communication, the undesired receivers, such as eavesdroppers, could receive an error-free cryptogram. Based on the physical-layer security, it could be expected that secure communication could be implemented without complex computing at the higher level. The physical-layer security coding scheme aims to achieve an extremely low decoding error probability and obtain a critical security level against attackers. The positive secrecy capacity (secrecy rate) could provide secure communication. Hence, a positive secrecy capacity is the primary concern in the system. Besides, physical-layer security coding is not only to help the system achieve a critical level of security but also to obtain an extremely low decoding error probability. However, it decreases the bandwidth efficiency and suffers the system performance. Hence, the tradeoff between the security level and the coding rate is important to lead a secure communication. © (2023), (Femto Technique Co.). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Bandwidth

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A Novel Blockchain-Based Deepfake Detection Method Using Federated and Deep Learning Models

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Cognitive Computation 2024年第3期16卷 1073-1091页

作者： Heidari, Arash Navimipour, Nima Jafari Dag, Hasan Talebi, Samira Unal, Mehmet Department of Software Engineering Haliç University Istanbul34060 Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Kadir Has University Istanbul Turkey Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan Department of Information Technology Kadir Has University Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Science University of Texas at San Antonio San AntonioTX United States Department of Computer Engineering Nisantasi University Istanbul Turkey

In recent years, the proliferation of deep learning (DL) techniques has given rise to a significant challenge in the form of deepfake videos, posing a grave threat to the authenticity of media content. With the rapid advancement of DL technology, the creation of convincingly realistic deepfake videos has become increasingly prevalent, raising serious concerns about the potential misuse of such content. Deepfakes have the potential to undermine trust in visual media, with implications for fields as diverse as journalism, entertainment, and security. This study presents an innovative solution by harnessing blockchain-based federated learning (FL) to address this issue, focusing on preserving data source anonymity. The approach combines the strengths of SegCaps and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods for improved image feature extraction, followed by capsule network (CN) training to enhance generalization. A novel data normalization technique is introduced to tackle data heterogeneity stemming from diverse global data sources. Moreover, transfer learning (TL) and preprocessing methods are deployed to elevate DL performance. These efforts culminate in collaborative global model training zfacilitated by blockchain and FL while maintaining the utmost confidentiality of data sources. The effectiveness of our methodology is rigorously tested and validated through extensive experiments. These experiments reveal a substantial improvement in accuracy, with an impressive average increase of 6.6% compared to six benchmark models. Furthermore, our approach demonstrates a 5.1% enhancement in the area under the curve (AUC) metric, underscoring its ability to outperform existing detection methods. These results substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed solution in countering the proliferation of deepfake content. In conclusion, our innovative approach represents a promising avenue for advancing deepfake detection. By leveraging existing data resources and the power of FL

关键词： Blockchain

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Design of a High-Efficiency Temporal Engine for Real-Time Spatial Satellite Image Classification Using Augmented Incremental Transfer Learning for Crop Analysis

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SN computer science 2024年第5期5卷 585页

作者： Dhande, Akshay Pramodrao Malik, Rahul Saini, Dipen Garg, Rachit Jha, Sudan Nazeer, Jabeen Ahmad, Sultan Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara India School of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional University Punjab Phagwara India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kathmandu University Dhulikhel Nepal Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj 11942 Saudi Arabia University Center for Research and Development (UCRD) Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali 140413 India

Satellite image processing is a multidomain task which involves design of image capturing, denoising, segmentation, feature extraction, feature reduction, classification, and post-processing tasks. A wide variety of satellite image processing models are proposed by researchers, and each of them has different data and process requirements. For instance, the image capturing module might obtain images in layered form, while feature extraction module might require data in 2D or 3D forms. Moreover, performance of these models also varies due to changes in internal process parameters and dataset parameters, which limits their accuracy and scalability when applied to real-time scenarios. To reduce the probability of these limitations, a novel high-efficiency temporal engine for real-time satellite image classification using augmented incremental transfer learning is proposed and discussed in this text. The model initially captures real-time satellite data using Google’s Earth Engine and processes it using a transfer learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) via backscatter coefficient analysis. These coefficients indicate average intensity value of Precision Image (PRI) when evaluated over a distributed target. Due to extraction of backscattering coefficients, the model is capable of representing crop images in VV (vertical transmit, vertical receive), and HV (horizontal transmit vertical receive) modes. Thereby assisting the CNN model to extract a wide variety of features from input satellite image, which classifies these datasets (original, VV, and VH) into different crop categories. The classified images are further processed via an incremental learning layer, which assists in visual identification of affected regions. Due to use of incremental learning and CNN for classification, the proposed TRSAITL model is capable of achieving an average accuracy of 97.8% for crop type and severity of damage detection, with an average PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) of 29.

关键词： Accuracy Classification Crop Damage Deep learning Earth Incremental Precision Recall Satellite Transfer Type

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SELF-JOINT SUPERVISED LEARNING 10

SELF-JOINT SUPERVISED LEARNING

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10th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2022

作者： Kardan, Navid Hill, Mitchell Shah, Mubarak Center for Research in Computer Vision Department of Computer Science Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Central Florida United States

Supervised learning is a fundamental framework used to train machine learning systems. A supervised learning problem is often formulated using an i.i.d. assumption that restricts model attention to a single relevant signal at a time when predicting. This contrasts with the human ability to actively use related samples as reference when making decisions. We hypothesize that the restriction to a single signal for each prediction in the standard i.i.d. framework contributes to well-known drawbacks of supervised learning: making overconfident predictions and vulnerability to overfitting, adversarial attacks, and out-of-distribution data. To address these limitations, we propose a new supervised learning paradigm called self-joint learning that generalizes the standard approach by modeling the joint conditional distribution of two observed samples, where each sample is an image and its label. Rather than assuming samples are independent, our models explicitly learn the sample-to-sample relation of conditional independence. Our framework can naturally incorporate auxiliary unlabeled data to further improve the performance. Experiments on benchmark image datasets show our method offers significant improvement over standard supervised learning in terms of accuracy, robustness against adversarial attacks, out-of-distribution detection, and overconfidence mitigation. © 2022 ICLR 2022 - 10th International Conference on Learning Representationss. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supervised learning

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A 16 nm 140 TOPS/W 5 μj/Inference Keyword Spotting Engine Based on 1D-BCNN

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 2023年第12期70卷 4564-4568页

作者： Lin, Tay-Jyi Ting, Yi-Hsuan Hsu, Meng-Ze Lin, Kuan-Han Huang, Chung-Ming Tsai, Fu-Cheng Sheu, Shyh-Shyuan Chang, Shih-Chieh Yeh, Chingwei Wang, Jinn-Shyan SoC Research Center AIM-HI Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chiayi621 Taiwan SoC Research Center AIM-HI Department of Electrical Engineering Chiayi621 Taiwan Hsinchu300 Taiwan Hsinchu310 Taiwan

This brief presents an event-driven keyword spotting (KWS) system for reducing the significant but usually ignored energy dissipations on the 'always-on' A/D converter and microphone. 'Low energy per inference' and 'fast responsiveness' are new design goals of such KWS engine. A 7-layer 1-dimensional binarized convolutional neural network (1D-BCNN) was designed to achieve 95% inference accuracy for detecting 10 keywords, plus silence and unknown, from raw speech, and 64 32-element signed binary inner product units were allocated in the engine to deliver the 4,096 operations/cycle maximum throughput. The 16nm implementation consumes only 0.1mm2 silicon area and 5μJ /inference energy (including memory accesses), while achieving 1.72ms response time. The performance is comparable to state-of-the-art KWS designs without sacrificing number of detectable keywords or inference accuracy. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Knowledge Extraction from Technical Reports Based on Large Language Models: An Exploratory Study 15

Knowledge Extraction from Technical Reports Based on Large L...

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15th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Technology, IKT 2024

作者： Bakhtiari, Parsa Bashiri, Hassan Khalilipour, Alireza Nasiripour, Masoud Challenger, Moharram Department of Computer Engineering Hamedan University of Technology Hamedan Iran Department of Computer Science University of Antwerp Flanders Make Strategic Research Center Antwerp Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522254

Organizations and companies possess a vast amount of documents generated over the years. These documents contain valuable information and knowledge that can be instrumental in resolving ambiguities and challenges experts face. Information retrieval and knowledge management systems are tools for extracting documents relevant to users’ informational needs, addressing part of the knowledge extraction challenge from these document collections. With the emergence of generative artificial intelligence and large language models that exhibit strong capabilities in understanding textual documents, knowledge extraction solutions have shifted towards utilizing these models. Large language models possess general knowledge obtained from pre-training methods, and there are various approaches to infuse domain-specific knowledge into the general understanding of the language model. This research first examines the possible techniques for fine-tuning a large language model in a specific domain. We then train the model using fine-tuning methods on a collection of documents and technical reports from the industry. Finally, we measure the improvement in the large language model’s capability to extract domain-specific knowledge. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Information management

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