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Exploring ultrathin tungsten disulfide as a diffusion barrier for copper interconnects: advanced packaging reliability and a first-principles study

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Materials Today Nano 2025年 30卷

作者： Vijay D. Chavan Touko Lehenkari Suhas Yadav Ruhan E. Ustad Zulfqar Ali Sheikh Ajay T. Avatare Tushar P. Kamble Laraib Sajjad Hannu-Pekka Komsa Sandip Sabale Kyeong-Keun Choi Seungbae Park Ghulam Dastgeer Honggyun Kim Deok-kee Kim Department of Electrical Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea Microelectronics Research Unit Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Oulu Finland Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Jaysingpur College (Shivaji University Kolhapur) Jaysingpur 416101 Maharashtra India National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton Vestal NY 13850 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea

The robust diffusion barriers (DB) are crucial due to the significant prevention of copper (Cu) diffusion/migration, which negatively affects interconnect reliability and compatibility in advanced packaging. With a half-pitch size (20 nm and below) a conventional Ta/TaN DB has a thickness limit to shrinkage below 4 nm, addressing the limited Cu conductivity, and inferior barrier properties to block Cu diffusion. Therefore, ultrathin 0.7 nm tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) is utilized as a pioneering DB for Cu interconnects to address this issue. Herein, W is primarily sputtered and sulfurized at 400 °C to convert into WS 2 , later confirmed by several characterizations. Based on JE, CV, temperature-dependent breakdown, and DFT verification, we conclude that the ultrathin 0.7 nm WS 2 effectively blocks the Cu diffusion in the range of 9.7–10 MV/cm. Notably, the research is strongly supported by reliability tests, including (−200 to 400 °C) temperature-dependent JE at both low (14.8 MV/cm) and high (8 MV/cm) temperatures, Cu electroplating, warpage tests, tape tests, and other relevant evaluations, which are currently of significant interest in packaging. The obtained results show that the WS 2 DB serving both liner/barrier properties is excellent as compared to conventional Ta(liner)/TaN(barrier). The study demonstrates that WS 2 is BEOL-compatible and industry-friendly, facilitating interconnect scaling beyond the current technology node, and we should not be surprised if used in future advanced packaging.

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Decentralized identifier based illegal digital content distribution tracking system using the format-preserving encryption algorithm

Decentralized identifier based illegal digital content distr...

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作者： Kwon, Soonhong Park, Jaehyoung Lee, Taeyang Oh, SungHeun Lee, Jong-Hyouk Department of Computer and Information Security & Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Protocol Engineering Lab. Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Technical Research Center DigiCAP Seoul Korea Republic of

The coronavirus pandemic, which first began in December 2019, has completely changed our daily lives. In particular, daily online digital content consumption over the world has soared since the start of the coronavirus pandemic. For preventing illegal digital content distribution, various technologies have been applied, but current copyright protection technologies are still lacking to provide secure digital content distribution while preserving privacy. In this article, we introduce a new digital content distribution system, which utilizes blockchain-based decentralized identifier and format-preserving encryption to enable user privacy preserved digital content tracking. We present the system architecture with detailed message flows of the proposal and provide its analysis result in terms of security and overhead. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Artificial Humming Bird Optimization with Siamese Convolutional Neural Network Based Fruit Classification Model

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第11期47卷 1633-1650页

作者： T.Satyanarayana Murthy Kollati Vijaya Kumar Fayadh Alenezi E.Laxmi Lydia Gi-Cheon Park Hyoung-Kyu Song Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Hyeonjoon Moon Department of Information Technology Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of TechnologyHyderabadTelanganaIndia Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyVisakhapatnam530049India Department of International Affairs and Education Gangseo UniversitySeoul07661Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

Fruit classification utilizing a deep convolutional neural network(CNN)is the most promising application in personal computer vision(CV).Profound learning-related characterization made it possible to recognize fruits from ***,due to the similarity and complexity,fruit recognition becomes an issue for the stacked fruits on a weighing ***,Machine Learning(ML)methods have been used in fruit farming and agriculture and brought great convenience to human *** automated system related to ML could perform the fruit classifier and sorting tasks previously managed by human ***’s(convolutional neural networks)have attained incredible outcomes in image classifiers in several *** the success of transfer learning and CNNs in other image classifier issues,this study introduces an Artificial Humming Bird Optimization with Siamese Convolutional Neural Network based Fruit Classification(AMO-SCNNFC)*** the presented AMO-SCNNFC technique,image preprocessing is performed to enhance the contrast level of the *** addition,spiral optimization(SPO)with the VGG-16 model is utilized to derive feature *** fruit classification,AHO with end to end SCNN(ESCNN)model is applied to identify different classes of *** performance validation of the AMO-SCNNFC technique is tested using a dataset comprising diverse classes of fruit *** comparison studies reported improving the AMOSCNNFC technique over other approaches with higher accuracy of 99.88%.

关键词： Fruit classification computer vision machine learning deep learning metaheuristics

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Improving interactivity via VT-CFS and framework-assisted task characterization for Linux/android smartphones

Improving interactivity via VT-CFS and framework-assisted ta...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, RTCSA 2012

作者： Huh, Sungju Yoo, Jonghun Hong, Seongsoo Department of Intelligent Convergence Systems Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330176

Android smart phones are often reported to suffer from sluggish user interactions due to poor interactivity. This is because the Linux kernel may incur perceptibly long response time to user interactive tasks. Particularly, the completely fair scheduler (CFS) of Linux cannot systematically favor a user interactive task over background tasks since it fails to effectively distinguish between them. Even if a user interactive task is successfully identified, such a task can suffer from a high scheduling latency due to the non-preemptive nature of CFS. This paper presents a framework-assisted task characterization and virtual runtime-based CFS (VT-CFS) to address these problems. The former is a cooperative mechanism between the Android application framework and the kernel. It identifies a user interactive task at the framework level and then enables the task scheduler to selectively promote the priority of the identified task at the kernel level. VT-CFS is an extension of the CFS. It allows a task to be preempted at any preemption tick so that the scheduling latency of a user interactive task is bounded by the tick interval. We have implemented our approach into Android 2.2 running with Linux kernel 2.6.32. Experimental results show that the response time of a user interactive task is reduced by up to 31.4% while incurring only 0.9% more run-time overhead than the legacy system. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Scheduling

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Visual Analytics System of Comprehensive Data Quality Improvement for Machine Learning using Data- and Process-driven Strategies

Visual Analytics System of Comprehensive Data Quality Improv...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Hyein Hong Sangbong Yoo Yejin Jin Chanyoung Yoon Soobin Yim Seokhwan Choi Yun Jang Department of Computer Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone Sejong University Seoul South Korea Department of Computer Engineering Sejong University Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480468

Machine learning (ML) models are used to mine inconspicuous information in big data. The model and data quality influence the performance of a ML model. However, modifying the ML model while measuring performance is impractical, and low-quality data causes biased model training. Therefore, improving the data quality is essential. Visual analytics systems supporting DQI (Data Quality Improvement) have been proposed in the past. However, in the studies, it is difficult for users to assess comprehensive data quality improvement methods for machine learning and to determine an appropriate data quality improvement process. In this paper, we propose a novel visual analytics system for managing data quality used in machine learning models.

关键词： Training Performance evaluation Analytical models Data integrity Visual analytics Machine learning Big Data

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Fractal Measurement of Images Human Brain from MRI

Fractal Measurement of Images Human Brain from MRI

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2024 Cognitive Models and Artificial Intelligence Conference, AICCONF 2024

作者： Anarova, Shahzoda Jabbarov, Jamoliddin Uralova, Iroda Tashkent University of Information Technologies Department of Convergence of digital technologies Computer Engineering Faculty Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Computer science and technology Intelligent systems and computer technologies Faculty Samarkand State University Samarkand Uzbekistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400716928

This article is devoted to the determination of the fractal size of the damaged part of the human brain on the basis of images obtained from MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). There are various mathematical methods for determining the size of fractal structures, this article uses two variants of the cell counting method and describes the analysis of errors in determining the fractal size of the damaged part of the human brain. The article shows that the damaged part of the human brain has a fractal structure and that it has a fractal dimension. Fractal measurement has also been used to determine the size of the damaged part of the human brain, unlike common methods. In determining the fractal scale, cases of changes in human body organs were not taken into account. In the article, the determination of the size of the damaged part of the human brain is studied on the basis of mathematical formulas. Two different variants of the special cell counting method were used to calculate the fractal measurements, as well as the corresponding number of experimental results. In addition, these measurements were used to assess the extent to which patients suffered brain damage and to provide information on the practical application of these fractal measurements. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Providing network performance isolation in VDE-based cloud computing systems

Providing network performance isolation in VDE-based cloud c...

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13th IEEE International Workshop on FTDCS 2011, the 8th International Conference on ATC 2011, the 8th International Conference on UIC 2011 and the 13th IEEE International Conference on HPCC 2011

作者： Rathore, Vijeta Yoo, Jonghun Lee, Jaesoo Hong, Seongsoo School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Intelligent Convergence Systems Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Korea Republic of Advanced Institutes of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545387

In a cloud computing system, virtual machines owned by different clients are co-hosted on a single physical machine. It is vital to isolate network performance between the clients for ensuring fair usage of the constrained and shared network resources of the physical machine. Unfortunately, the existing network performance isolation techniques are not effective for cloud computing systems because they are difficult to be adopted in a large scale and require non-trivial modification to the network stack of a guest OS. In this paper, we propose a performance isolation-enabled virtual distributed Ethernet (PIE-VDE) to overcome such difficulties. It is a network virtualization software module running on a host OS. It intends to (1) allocate fair share of outgoing link bandwidth to the co-hosted clients and (2) divide a client's share to the virtual machines owned by it in a fair way. Our approach supports full virtualization of a guest OS, ease in wide scale adoption, limited modification to the existing system, low run-time overhead and work-conserving servicing. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. Every client received at least 99.5% of its bandwidth share as specified by its weight. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Ethernet

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Emot Act AR: Tailoring Content Through User Emotion and Activity Analysis

Emot Act AR: Tailoring Content Through User Emotion and Acti...

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Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW), IEEE Conference on

作者： Somaiieh Rokhsaritalemi Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki Soo-Mi Choi Sejong University Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone XR Research Center Sejong University Seoul

ISBN: (数字)9798350374490

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374506

In an era characterized by immersive content delivery experiences, the convergence of augmented reality (AR) and user behavior data stands out as a transformative synergy. This paper introduces “Emot Act AR,” an innovative system intricately designed to dynamically tailor virtual content by user data. This framework incorporates user emotions and activities as intrinsic components. Through the utilization of sensing devices like camera and advanced AI models, the system dynamically customizes virtual elements, such as virtual flowers, in both static and dynamic settings. Additionally, the system utilizes user activity data to activate messaging avatars that encourage exercise.

关键词： Solid modeling Three-dimensional displays Conferences Avatars User interfaces Flowering plants Cameras

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Understanding postal delivery areas in the Republic of Korea using multiple unsupervised learning approaches

Understanding postal delivery areas in the Republic of Korea...

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作者： Han, Keejun Yu, Yeongwoong Na, Dong-gil Jung, Hoon Heo, Younggyo Jeong, Hyeoncheol Yun, Sunguk Kim, Jungeun Intelligent Convergence Research Laboratory Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Daejeon Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongju National University Cheonan Korea Republic of

Changes in household composition and the residential environment have had a considerable impact on the features of postal delivery regions in recent years, resulting in a large increase in the overall workload of domestic postal delivery services. In this paper, we provide complex analysis results for postal delivery areas using various unsupervised learning approaches. First, we extract highly influential features using several feature-engineering methods. Then, using quantitative and qualitative cluster analyses, we find the distinctive traits and semantics of postal delivery zones. Unsupervised learning approaches are useful for successfully grouping postal service zones, according to our findings. Furthermore, by comparing a postal delivery region to other areas in the same group, workload balancing was achieved. 1225-6463/$ © 2022 ETRI.

关键词： Cluster analysis

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Improving Indoor Positioning Systems with UWB and Filtering Techniques: A ComparativeAnalysis 23

Improving Indoor Positioning Systems with UWB and Filtering ...

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23rd International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, ICCAS 2023

作者： Rahul Ranjan, First A. Younsik Jung, Second B. Donggyu, Shin Kim, Third. Sanghyun Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Seungjae Kye, Joongeup Intelligent Robot Research Institute Sun Moon University Department of Computer Engineering and Electronics Convergence Asan31460 Korea Republic of Intelligent Robot Research Institute Sun Moon University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Asan31460 Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University Department of Mechanical Engineering Suwon17104 Korea Republic of Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials Daejeon34103 Korea Republic of Intelligent Robot Research Institute Sun Moon University Department of Mechanical Engineering Asan31460 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9788993215274

In today's world, indoor positioning systems(IPS) have become a fascinating research area. Accurate positioning of mobile robots in indoor environments remains challenging due to various positioning techniques and the complexities associated with dynamic environments, dense obstacles, and different material types. Indoor localization systems face challenges in reducing noise and enhancing accuracy. In this paper, an Ultra-Wideband(UWB) based localization system is under test to evaluate the efficiency of the measurement using two different methods, Low-Pass Filter(LPF) and Kalman Filter(KF), on Robot Operating System(ROS) platform. This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of the proposed methods in reducing noise and improving the accuracy of indoor localization systems. A set of position data was recorded in the lab environment. The proposed Filtered is applied and compared with target trajectory paths. The findings of this research contribute to the development of robust and reliable indoor localization systems crucial for various applications, including mobile robotics, automation, and human-computer interaction. © 2023 ICROS.

关键词： Kalman filters

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