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arXiv 2024年

作者： Cabrera-Codony, A. Valverde, A. Born, K. Noreldin, O.A.I. Myers, T.G. LEQUIA Institute of the Environment Universitat de Girona Spain Department of Chemical Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Spain School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Zululand South Africa Centre de Recerca Matemàtica Barcelona Spain

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to describe the evolution of the concentration of compounds through a gas chromatography column. The model couples mass balances and kinetic equations for all components. Both single and multiple-component cases are considered with constant or variable velocity. Non-dimensionalisation indicates the small effect of diffusion. The system where diffusion is neglected is analysed using Laplace transforms. In the multiple-component case, it is demonstrated that the competition between the compounds is negligible and the equations may be decoupled. This reduces the problem to solving a single integral equation to determine the concentration profile for all components (since they are scaled versions of each other). For a given analyte, we then only two parameters need to be fitted to the data. To verify this approach, the full governing equations are also solved numerically using the finite difference method and a global adaptive quadrature method to integrate the Laplace transformation. Comparison with the Laplace solution verifies the high degree of accuracy of the simpler Laplace form. The Laplace solution is then verified against experimental data from BTEX chromatography. This novel method, which involves solving a single equation and fitting parameters in pairs for individual components, is highly efficient. It is significantly faster and simpler than the full numerical solution and avoids the computationally expensive methods that would normally be used to fit all curves at the same time. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Finite difference method

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High-Performance Self-Filtering Organic Photodetectors with Photomultiplication Narrowing

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Advanced Optical Materials 2024年第21期12卷

作者： Suthar, Gajendra Chu, Chih-Wei Chen, Fang-Chung Department of Photonics College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

Narrowband organic photodetectors (OPDs) conventionally necessitate high applied biases to accommodate a sufficiently thick active layer for self-filtering functions. Herein, a concept leveraging the photomultiplication (PM) process is proposed to achieve spectral narrowing in OPDs which can operate at low external biases. This PM narrowing mechanism integrates two distinct functions through a pseudo bilayer structure comprising a photon-filtering (PF) layer and a PM layer, respectively. The initial PF layer absorbs short-wavelength photons and selectively permits light within a narrow bandwidth at the band edge of the PF material to enter the subsequent PM layer, thereby initiating the PM effect. The combined action of these two layers synergistically empowers the OPDs to exhibit a pronounced PM effect, resulting in a notably high external quantum efficiency of 5840% at a narrowband peak of 680 nm under a low bias of −5.0 V. Furthermore, the OPDs achieve a substantial −3 dB bandwidth of 5.2 kHz, alongside a maximum detectivity of 2.60 × 1013 Jones. These findings position the OPDs among the top-performing self-filtering narrowband detectors, particularly for those capable of functioning at low external biases. © 2024 The Authors. Advanced Optical Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Photodetectors

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Mitigating Malicious Activities in Blockchain Mining: The Role of Reputation-Based Protocol

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SECURITY AND PRIVACY 2025年第4期8卷

作者： Naga Sravanthi Puppala Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences SRM University AP Amaravathi India

The rise of mining pools in Blockchain networks has improved reward distribution but introduced critical challenges related to centralization and malicious miner activity, which threaten the integrity of decentralized consensus. Addressing this gap, this paper proposes the Reputation-based Consensus Protocol (RCP), a novel framework designed to enhance trust and security in mining pools by incorporating a transparent and dynamic reputation system. Unlike traditional consensus algorithms like Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), which do not differentiate between trustworthy and malicious participants, RCP evaluates miners based on a multi-dimensional scoring mechanism, including historical reputation, willingness reputation, and indirect feedback reputation. This targeted approach allows the network to prioritize reputable miners for block creation, thereby mitigating attacks and improving consensus reliability. By integrating RCP with modular Blockchain frameworks such as Hyperledger, this protocol not only strengthens miner accountability but also sets the foundation for more secure and trustworthy decentralized networks. The proposed model has the potential to redefine mining pool operations and significantly contribute to the evolution of secure Blockchain consensus protocols.

关键词： blockchain miner's trust mining pools reputation secure-consensus

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Solving the Families In the Wild Kinship Verification Challenge by Program Synthesis

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Junyi Strome, Maxwell Benjamin Jenkins, Ian Williams, Parker Feng, Bo Wang, Yaning Wang, Roman Bagri, Vaibhav Cheng, Newman Drori, Iddo Department of Mathematics Columbia University United States Department of Computer Science Columbia University United States Department of Applied Physics and Math Columbia University United States Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT United States

Kinship verification is the task of determining whether a parent-child, sibling, or grandparent-grandchild relationship exists between two people and is important in social media applications, forensic investigations, finding missing children, and reuniting families. We demonstrate high quality kinship verification by participating in the 2021 Recognizing Families in the Wild challenge which provides the largest publicly available dataset in the field. Our approach is among the top 3 winning entries in the competition. We ensemble models written by both human experts and a foundation model, OpenAI Codex, trained on text and code. We use Codex to generate model variants, and also demonstrate its ability to generate entire running programs for kinship verification tasks of specific relationships. © 2021, CC BY.

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On Turán-type problems and the abstract chromatic number

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gerbner, Dániel Karim, Hilal Hama Kucheriya, Gaurav HUN-REN Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics Hungary Department of Computer Science and Information Theory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics Műegyetem rkp. 3. BudapestH-1111 Hungary Department of Applied Mathematics Charles University Prague Czech Republic

In 2020, Coregliano and Razborov introduced a general framework to study limits of combinatorial objects, using logic and model theory. They introduced the abstract chromatic number and proved/reproved multiple Erdős-Stone-Simonovits-type theorems in different settings. In 2022, Coregliano extended this by showing that similar results hold when we count copies of Kt instead of edges. Our aim is threefold. First, we provide a purely combinatorial approach. Second, we extend their results by showing several other graph parameters and other settings where Erdős-Stone-Simonovits-type theorems follow. Third, we go beyond determining asymptotics and obtain corresponding stability, supersaturation, and sometimes even exact *** Codes 05C35 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Number theory

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A Review of Gaps between Web 4.0 and Web 3.0 Intelligent Network Infrastructure

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Zihan Li, Zihao Zhang, Xiaoshuai Sun, Yunqing Xu, Hao University of Glasgow GlasgowG12 8QQ United Kingdom Department of Computer Science McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Blockchain Applications and Services Huawei Technologies Shanghai China

World Wide Web is speeding up its pace into an intelligent and decentralized ecosystem, as seen in the campaign of Web 3.0 and forthcoming Web 4.0. Marked by the Europe Commission's latest mention of Web 4.0, a race towards strategic Web 4.0 success has started. Web 4.0 is committed to bringing the next technological transition with an open, secure, trustworthy fairness and digital ecosystem for individuals and businesses in private and public sectors. Despite overlapping scopes and objectives of Web 3.0 and Web 4.0 from academic and industrial perspectives, there are distinct and definitive features and gaps for the next generation of WWW. In this review, a brief introduction to WWW development unravels the entangled but consistent requirement of a more vivid web experience, enhancing human-centric experience in both societal and technical aspects. Moreover, the review brings a decentralized intelligence prospect of view on native AI entities for Web 4.0, envisioning sustainable, autonomous and decentralized AI services for the entire Web 4.0 environment, powering a self-sustainable Decentralized Physical and Software Infrastructure for Computing Force Network, Semantic Network, Virtual/Mixed Reality, and Privacy-preserving content presumption. The review aims to reveal that Web 4.0 offers native intelligence with focused thinking on utilizing decentralized physical infrastructure, in addition to sole requirements on decentralization, bridging the gap between Web 4.0 and Web 3.0 advances with the latest future-shaping blockchain-enabled computing and network routing protocols. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Blockchain

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A deterministic model of COVID-19 with differential infectivity and vaccination booster

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Decision Analytics Journal 2024年 10卷

作者： Tchoumi, Stephane Y. Schwartz, Elissa J. Tchuenche, Jean M. Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences ENSAI University of NGaoundéré PO Box 455 Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Pretoria South Africa Department of Mathematics & Statistics and School of Biological Sciences Washington State University PO Box 643113 Pullman 99164-3113 WA United States School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa School of Computational and Communication Sciences and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania

Vaccine boosters have been recommended to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A mathematical model with three vaccine doses and susceptibility is formulated. The model is calibrated using the cumulative number of hospitalized cases from Alberta, Canada. Estimated values from the fitting are used to explore the potential impact of the booster doses to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Sensitivity analysis on initial disease transmission shows that the most sensitive parameters are the contact rate, the vaccine efficacy, the proportion of exposed individuals moving into the symptomatic and asymptomatic classes, and the recovery rate from asymptomatic infection. Simulation results support the positive population-level impact of the second and third COVID-19 vaccine boosters to reduce the number of infections and hospitalizations. Public health policy and decision-makers should continue advocating and encouraging people to get booster doses. As the end of the pandemic is in sight, there should be no complacency before it resolves. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Basic reproduction number COVID-19 Non-linear mathematical model Sensitivity analysis Simulation Vaccination

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A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swin Transformer and CT Imaging

A BCLC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Swi...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Shun-Cheng Chang Pochuang Wang Weichung Wang Tung-Hung Su Jia-Horng Kao Che Lin Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan NTU Institute of Applied Mathematical Sciences Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering NTU Taipei Taiwan NTU Center for Advanced Computing and Imaging in Biomedicine Taipei Taiwan NTU Smart Medicine and Health Informatics Program Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system plays a crucial role in clinical planning, offering valuable insights for effectively managing hepatocellular carcinoma. Accurate prediction of BCLC stages can significantly ease the workload on radiologists. However, few datasets are explicitly designed for discerning BCLC stages. Despite the common practice of appending BCLC labels to clinical data within datasets, the inherent imbalance in BCLC distribution is further amplified by the diverse purposes for which datasets are curated. In this study, we aim to develop a BCLC staging system using the advanced Swin Transformer model. Additionally, we explore the integration of two datasets, each originally intended for separate objectives, highlighting the critical challenge of preserving class distribution in practical study designs. This exploration is pivotal for ensuring the applicability of our developed staging system in the designed clinical settings. Our resulting BCLC staging system demonstrates an accuracy of 55.81% (±7.8%), contributing to advancing medical image-based research for predicting BCLC stages.

关键词： Liver cancer Accuracy Computed tomography Biological system modeling Transformers Planning Biomedical imaging

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A Fitness Movement Evaluation System Using Deep Learning

A Fitness Movement Evaluation System Using Deep Learning

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International Conference on Knowledge and Systems engineering (KSE)

作者： Chin-Chih Chang Chi-Hung Wei Hao-Wei Wu Sean Hsiao Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chung Hua University Hsinchu City Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Engineering Science Chung Hua University Hsinchu City Taiwan Bachelor Program in Applied Foreign Language and Smart Commerce Chung Hua University Hsinchu City Taiwan

This paper proposes a fitness movement evaluation system using deep learning. The system uses a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from pictures of fitness movements. The features are then used to classify the movements into different categories. The system is evaluated on a dataset of pictures of fitness movements. The results show that the system can accurately classify the movements into different categories. The system is designed to provide feedback to users on their fitness movements. The proposed system is a valuable tool for fitness enthusiasts. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a way to give users a score for their fitness movement. It can help users improve their fitness and track their progress over time. The system is also a valuable tool for fitness professionals. It can help professionals develop new fitness programs and provide feedback to their clients.

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Nanoparticle aggregation effect on nonlinear convective nanofluid flow over a stretched surface with linear and exponential heat source/sink

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2023年 19卷

作者： Rawat, Sawan Kumar Yaseen, Moh Shafiq, Anum Kumar, Manoj Al-Mdallal, Qasem M. Department of Mathematics Graphic Era Deemed to be University Uttarakhand Dehradun248 002 India Department of Applied Science Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology Uttar Pradesh Meerut250 005 India School of Mathematics and Statistics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Center for Applied Mathematics of Jiangsu Province Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Uttarakhand Pantnagar263 145 India Department of Mathematical Sciences College of Science UAE University Al-AinP.O. Box 17551 United Arab Emirates

A nanofluid flow (TiO2/Ethylene Glycol) over a stretched surface caused by the considerable nonlinear convection is investigated with the nanoparticle aggregation effect in the presence of quadratic thermal radiation. The modified Maxwell model and Bruggeman model are utilized, which depict the nanoparticle aggregation effect. In addition, the system employs two separate variable heat sources i.e., linear heat source and exponential heat source. The similarity transformations are utilized to convert the basic governing PDEs to ODEs. The "bvp4c function" in MATLAB is used to numerically handle the resultant nonlinear system. The impact of the involved parameters is explored on the non-dimensional fields of velocity boundary layer patterns, velocity, streamlines, temperature, and heat transfer rate. Graphs compare and display the control of pertinent parameters on the distinct flow properties. A comparison of the behavior of the solution profiles with and without the influence of nanoparticle aggregation is illustrated. The nanoparticle aggregates significantly enhance the velocity and heat transmission mechanism. Furthermore, the influence of varied heat sources (linear and exponential) aids in growing the thermal boundary layer. Nanofluid flow with nanoparticle aggregation has a 5.36% higher Nusselt number value in comparison to flow without aggregation effect when the volume fraction of nanoparticles is varied from 0 to 0.1. The results of the study will be helpful in the fields where applications of a continuously stretching/shrinking surface are used like in many engineering processes and industries, glass-fiber production, aerodynamic extrusion of plastic sheets, and manufacturing of paper and rubber sheets. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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