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arXiv 2024年

作者： Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bausch, Johannes Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Blackwell, Sam Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Davies, Alex De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Paolo, Agustin Di Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Edlich, Thomas Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heras, Francisco J.H. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Holland, George Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Kohli, Pushmeet Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kozlovskii, Borislav Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Lacroix, Nathan Landhuis, David Lange Google Research United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States Google DeepMind United Kingdom Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States Department of Physics University of Connecticut StorrsCT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States Department of Physics ETH Zurich Switzerland Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA United States Yale Quantum Institute Yale University New HavenCT United States Departments of Applied Physics and Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States

Quantum error correction [1–4] provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of Λ = 2.14 ± 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% ± 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit’s lifetime by a factor of 2.4 ± 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 µs at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 µs. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3×109 cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Decoding

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Using LLMs to Aid Annotation and Collection of Clinically-Enriched Data in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Aich, Ankit Quynh, Avery Osseyi, Pamela Pinkham, Amy Harvey, Philip Curtis, Brenda Depp, Colin Parde, Natalie Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago United States University of California San Diego United States University of Texas Dallas United States University of Miami United States National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health United States School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania United States

NLP in mental health has been primarily social media focused. Real world practitioners also have high case loads and often domain specific variables, of which modern LLMs lack context. We take a dataset made by recruiting 644 participants, including individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD), Schizophrenia (SZ), and Healthy Controls (HC). Participants undertook tasks derived from a standardized mental health instrument, and the resulting data were transcribed and annotated by experts across five clinical variables. This paper demonstrates the application of contemporary language models in sequence-to-sequence tasks to enhance mental health research. Specifically, we illustrate how these models can facilitate the deployment of mental health instruments, data collection, and data annotation with high accuracy and scalability. We show that small models are capable of annotation for domain-specific clinical variables, data collection for mental-health instruments, and perform better then commercial large models. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Data acquisition

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Quantum simulation of an extended Dicke model with a magnetic solid

Communications Materials

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Communications Materials 2024年第1期5卷 42页

作者： Marquez Peraca, Nicolas Li, Xinwei Moya, Jaime M. Hayashida, Kenji Kim, Dasom Ma, Xiaoxuan Neubauer, Kelly J. Fallas Padilla, Diego Huang, Chien-Lung Dai, Pengcheng Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Pu, Han Morosan, Emilia Cao, Shixun Bamba, Motoaki Kono, Junichiro Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Japan Department of Physics Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

The Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactions makes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Atoms

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Autonomic Computing Based Respiratory Disorders Assessment Using Speech Parameters: A Systematic Review

Autonomic Computing Based Respiratory Disorders Assessment U...

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International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT)

作者： Poonam Shrivastava Neeta Tripathi Bhupesh Kumar Dewangan Bikesh Kumar Singh Tanupriya Choudhury Ketan Kotecha Sanjana Dewangan Department of Electronics & Telecommunication SSTC Bhilai Chhattisgarh India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering OP Jindal University Raigarh India Department of Biomedical Engineering National Institute of Technology Raipur Chhattisgarh India Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune India Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune India School of Science OP Jindal University Raigarh India

Respiratory disorders (RD) are common health problems, and they represent a huge health burden to people around the world. Nowadays, speech analysis is a very important research area in the biomedical field. Therefore, speech analysis can be a useful tool for pre-diagnosing of RD. This review paper aimed to select the features of speech affected by RD and to define autonomic computing in terms of self-care and self-management in disease assessment using the machine learning (ML) paradigm. Selected articles in this work have been published in the last decade and are written in the English language.722 articles in total were obtained, of which 15 were chosen based on the meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach, and for systematic literature reviews (SLR), the reporting items were preferred. Articles were compiled by searching different databases such as Google Scholar, Crossref, and PubMed. This SLR mainly contributed to identifying the role of autonomic computing in the application of self-management for the assessment of RD in ML classifiers. It was observed that most of the research work on respiratory disorders with self-management applying speech analysis was done during the year 2012. Then gradually less work was done in this area until 2018 and in 2019, it increased again and stayed finally stable until 2022. It was concluded that the important information provided by this SLR is efficient model to detect and characterize RDs by applying speech parameters using autonomic computing.

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Conditional Injective Flows for Bayesian Imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Khorashadizadeh, AmirEhsan Kothari, Konik Salsi, Leonardo Harandi, Ali Aghababaei de Hoop, Maarten Dokmanić, Ivan The Department of Mathematics and Computer Science The University of Basel Basel4001 Switzerland The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States The Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran14399-57131 Iran The Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Most deep learning models for computational imaging regress a single reconstructed image. In practice, however, ill-posedness, nonlinearity, model mismatch, and noise often conspire to make such point estimates misleading or insufficient. The Bayesian approach models images and (noisy) measurements as jointly distributed random vectors and aims to approximate the posterior distribution of unknowns. Recent variational inference methods based on conditional normalizing flows are a promising alternative to traditional MCMC methods, but they come with drawbacks: excessive memory and compute demands for moderate to high resolution images and underwhelming performance on hard nonlinear problems. In this work, we propose C-Trumpets-conditional injective flows specifically designed for imaging problems, which greatly diminish these challenges. Injectivity reduces memory footprint and training time while low-dimensional latent space together with architectural innovations like fixed-volume-change layers and skip-connection revnet layers, C-Trumpets outperform regular conditional flow models on a variety of imaging and image restoration tasks, including limited-view CT and nonlinear inverse scattering, with a lower compute and memory budget. C-Trumpets enable fast approximation of point estimates like MMSE or MAP as well as physically-meaningful uncertainty quantification. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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The Importance of Glide-Symmetry in Broadband Sheet-Beam Traveling-Wave Tubes

The Importance of Glide-Symmetry in Broadband Sheet-Beam Tra...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma science (ICOPS)

作者： R. Marosi M. Saavedra-Melo F. Capolino M. Zuboraj Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Irvine California United States of America Los Alamos National Laboratory Accelerator Operations and Technology - Applied Electrodynamics Los Alamos New Mexico United States of America

Microfabricated traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) are often utilized for amplifying millimeter-wave signals to high power levels over broad bandwidths. One of the crucial components of the TWT which determines its bandwidth is the periodic slow-wave structure (SWS) that is utilized to velocity-synchronize and exchange energy between guided electromagnetic (EM) waves to the space-charge waves in a linear electron beam. Interestingly, many of the “space-harmonic” SWSs found in literature, such as the serpentine, coupled-cavity, and staggered-vane have one geometric feature in common that enables broadband operation: glide-symmetry (GS). A periodic structure is glide-symmetric if it remains invariant under the glide operation, which consists of a reflection in the “glide-plane,” followed by a translation by half of its period 1 . The modes on the $\omega-k$ dispersion diagram of GS SWSs have intersections between spatial harmonics which cross, but do not form stopbands. This feature permits beam-wave velocity synchronization with a continuous guided forward wave over broad frequencies 2 with reduced risk of backward-wave oscillations. On the other hand, periodic SWSs (with period d) that do not exhibit glide-symmetry, either by design or due to fabrication errors such as beam tunnel offsets, will exhibit stopbands every $k=(2n+1)\pi/d$ on the modal dispersion diagram 3 , which can lead to oscillations and non-optimal bandwidth.

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Power Budget Calculation and Sensitivity Enhancement for N×25 Gbps TDM-PON Configuration

Power Budget Calculation and Sensitivity Enhancement for N×...

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sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and computer engineering MI-STA, IEEE International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on

作者： Ahmed B Feituri M.F.L. Abdullah Abdulhameed Almabrok Swedan Hager A Suliman Faculty Of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussen Onn Malaysia Batu Pahat Malaysia Applied Research and Development Authority The Electronic and Communication Research Center Tripoli Libya Department of Computer Science University of Misurata Misurata Libya

Passive Optical Network (PON) standards relied on Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) methods to maximize data rate. The latest 25GS-PON specifications were declared by Multi-Source Agreement (MSA) group in 2022. The current work stacks two and four 25-Gb/s TDM-PON downstream (DS) channels. The simulation, evaluation, and outcomes are completed using various versions of *** software. O-band wavelength plan as well as Continuous-Wave (CW) laser with Non-Return-to-Zero/On-Off-Keying (NRZ-OOK) format support the system to mitigate Chromatic Dispersion (CD) and upgrade the system capacity. The power budget of 31.1 dB is suitable for Optical Distribution Network (ODN) standards, and the standard value of receiver sensitivity (-24.1 dBm) is achieved. The transmitted power of 1, 4, and 7 dBm are needed for 32, 64, and 128 users/λ, respectively. The transmission is successful for 512 subscribers and 20 km optical reach without the use of amplifiers, Forward Error Correction (FEC), and compensation techniques. The effect of four-wave mixing (FWM) is solved by the wavelength space of 0.8 nm as well as the slight increase in transmitted power from 7 to 7.8 dBm. The open and clear eye diagrams prove the quality of received signals. The simplicity of structure is high because of utilizing basic components and Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection (IM/DD) strategy without amplification and equalization. FEC and compensation techniques are recommended for future work.

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Tracking the mid-infrared fine structure of quasi-1D excitons controlled by magnetic order

Tracking the mid-infrared fine structure of quasi-1D exciton...

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： M. Liebich M. Florian N. Nilforoushan F. Mooshammer K. Mosina Z. Sofer F. Dirnberger M. Kira R. Huber Department of Physics University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Department of Physics Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Prague 6 Czech Republic Institute of Applied Physics Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350370324

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370331

We use phase-locked few-cycle mid-infrared pulses to probe internal Rydberg-like transitions of quasi-one-dimensional excitons in the magnetic semiconductor CrSBr. The experimentally observed fine structure encompasses a lifted degeneracy of the 2p states induced by the anisotropic optoelectronic properties of the crystal. Furthermore, the Coulomb correlations are effectively controlled via the magnetic structure. By inducing a phase transition from antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic states either thermally or by applying an external magnetic field, we can switch excitons from strongly bound and mono-layer-localized to weakly bound and interlayer-delocalized species. A state-of-the-art many-body theory fully captures these findings and identifies the spin restrictions of the interlayer tunneling. In the paramagnetic phase, the reduced quantum confinement lowers the binding energy and increases the phase space for scattering. This in situ control of Coulomb correlations opens a path to shape phase transitions on demand.

关键词： Correlation Excitons Shape Magnetic confinement Scattering Switches Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Probes Magnetic semiconductors Magnetic tunneling

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Versatile tape-drive target for high-repetition-rate laser-driven proton acceleration

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High Power Laser science and engineering 2023年第4期11卷 59-69页

作者： N.Xu M.J.V.Streeter O.C.Ettlinger H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois C.B.Curry S.J.D.Dann N.P.Dover T.Dzelzainis V.Istokskaia M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer R.J.Gray J.S.Green G.S.Hicks C.Hyland M.King B.Loughran D.Margarone O.McCusker P.McKenna C.Parisuaña P.Parsons C.Spindloe D.R.Symes F.Treffert C.A.J.Palmer Z.Najmudin John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK School of Maths and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkUSA ELI Beamlines Centre Institute of PhysicsCASDolni BrezanyCzech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

We present the development and characterization of a high-stability,multi-material,multi-thickness tape-drive target for laser-driven acceleration at repetition rates of up to 100 *** tape surface position was measured to be stable on the sub-micrometre scale,compatible with the high-numerical aperture focusing geometries required to achieve relativistic intensity interactions with the pulse energy available in current multi-Hz and near-future higher repetition-rate lasers(>kHz).Long-term drift was characterized at 100 Hz demonstrating suitability for operation over extended *** target was continuously operated at up to 5 Hz in a recent experiment for 70,000 shots without intervention by the experimental team,with the exception of tape replacement,producing the largest data-set of relativistically intense laser–solid foil measurements to *** tape drive provides robust targetry for the generation and study of high-repetitionrate ion beams using next-generation high-power laser systems,also enabling wider applications of laser-driven proton sources.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser target laser-plasma acceleration proton generation tape-drive target

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The Saddle-Point Accountant for Differential Privacy

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Alghamdi, Wael Asoodeh, Shahab Calmon, Flavio P. Gomez, Juan Felipe Kosut, Oliver Sankar, Lalitha Wei, Fei The School of Engineering and Applied Science Harvard University United States The Department of Computing and Software McMaster University Canada The School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University United States

We introduce a new differential privacy (DP) accountant called the saddle-point accountant (SPA). SPA approximates privacy guarantees for the composition of DP mechanisms in an accurate and fast manner. Our approach is inspired by the saddle-point method-a ubiquitous numerical technique in statistics. We prove rigorous performance guarantees by deriving upper and lower bounds for the approximation error offered by SPA. The crux of SPA is a combination of large-deviation methods with central limit theorems, which we derive via exponentially tilting the privacy loss random variables corresponding to the DP mechanisms. One key advantage of SPA is that it runs in constant time for the n-fold composition of a privacy mechanism. Numerical experiments demonstrate that SPA achieves comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art accounting methods with a faster runtime. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Numerical methods

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