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A user-adaptive privacy-preserving authentication of IoMT using zero knowledge proofs with ECC

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-32页

作者： Misra, Garima Hazela, Bramah Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow Amity University Uttar Pradesh India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Utter Pradesh Kanpur India

The Internet of Things (IoT) has developed into a crucial component for meeting the connection needs of the current smart healthcare systems. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) consists of medical devices that are connected to patients in order to sense their medical parameters and exchange that information with healthcare professionals so they can deliver remote healthcare services. The need to protect the patient’s private information from being misused makes IoMT security an urgent issue that merits further study. Elliptic Curve cryptography (ECC), a popular substitute for traditional public key encryption like RSA, has several advantages. ECC is a prime contender for implementation on constrained devices with confined memory and speed, as well as wireless communication protocols that use low power like IoMT environment. The economic complexity of the current security protocols makes them inappropriate, hence new security protocols must be developed for resource-constrained and diverse IoT networks. This work suggests an authenticated key agreement protocol for the IoMT that is based on elliptic curve encryption based zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) protocols. The proposed mechanism completes in order of milliseconds up to 300 ms for 160 bits. The research will include the comparison between computational delays in traditional protocols and ZKP-ECC protocol. This paper provides a protocol to obtain privacy of data in IoMT environment on the basis of zero knowledge phenomenon and anonymous communication by ZKP-ECC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Stylometry-driven framework for Urdu intrinsic plagiarism detection: a comprehensive analysis using machine learning, deep learning, and large language models

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第9期37卷 6479-6513页

作者： Manzoor, Muhammad Faraz Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib Abid, Adnan Department of Computer Science University of Management and Technology Lahore Pakistan Department of Data Science Faculty of Computing and Information Technology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

Detecting plagiarism in documents is a well-established task in natural language processing (NLP). Broadly, plagiarism detection is categorized into two types (1) intrinsic: to check the whole document or all the passages have been written by a single author;(2) extrinsic: where a suspicious document is compared with a given set of source documents to figure out sentences or phrases which appear in both documents. In the pursuit of advancing intrinsic plagiarism detection, this study addresses the critical challenge of intrinsic plagiarism detection in Urdu texts, a language with limited resources for comprehensive language models. Acknowledging the absence of sophisticated large language models (LLMs) tailored for Urdu language, this study explores the application of various machine learning, deep learning, and language models in a novel framework. A set of 43 stylometry features at six granularity levels was meticulously curated, capturing linguistic patterns indicative of plagiarism. The selected models include traditional machine learning approaches such as logistic regression, decision trees, SVM, KNN, Naive Bayes, gradient boosting and voting classifier, deep learning approaches: GRU, BiLSTM, CNN, LSTM, MLP, and large language models: BERT and GPT-2. This research systematically categorizes these features and evaluates their effectiveness, addressing the inherent challenges posed by the limited availability of Urdu-specific language models. Two distinct experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of the proposed features on classification accuracy. In experiment one, the entire dataset was utilized for classification into intrinsic plagiarized and non-plagiarized documents. Experiment two categorized the dataset into three types based on topics: moral lessons, national celebrities, and national events. Both experiments are thoroughly evaluated through, a fivefold cross-validation analysis. The results show that the random forest classifier achieved an ex

关键词： Deep learning

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Enhanced Multi-Scale Object Detection Algorithm for Foggy Traffic Scenarios

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2451-2474页

作者： Honglin Wang Zitong Shi Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

In foggy traffic scenarios, existing object detection algorithms face challenges such as low detection accuracy, poor robustness, occlusion, missed detections, and false detections. To address this issue, a multi-scale object detection algorithm based on an improved YOLOv8 has been proposed. Firstly, a lightweight attention mechanism, Triplet Attention, is introduced to enhance the algorithm’s ability to extract multi-dimensional and multi-scale features, thereby improving the receptive capability of the feature maps. Secondly, the Diverse Branch Block (DBB) is integrated into the CSP Bottleneck with two Convolutions (C2F) module to strengthen the fusion of semantic information across different layers. Thirdly, a new decoupled detection head is proposed by redesigning the original network head based on the Diverse Branch Block module to improve detection accuracy and reduce missed and false detections. Finally, the Minimum Point Distance based Intersection-over-Union (MPDIoU) is used to replace the original YOLOv8 Complete Intersection-over-Union (CIoU) to accelerate the network’s training convergence. Comparative experiments and dehazing pre-processing tests were conducted on the RTTS and VOC-Fog datasets. Compared to the baseline YOLOv8 model, the improved algorithm achieved mean Average Precision (mAP) improvements of 4.6% and 3.8%, respectively. After defogging pre-processing, the mAP increased by 5.3% and 4.4%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm exhibits high practicality and effectiveness in foggy traffic scenarios.

关键词： Deep learning object detection foggy scenes traffic detection YOLOv8

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A Base Station Deployment Algorithm for Wireless Positioning Considering Dynamic Obstacles

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4573-4591页

作者： Aiguo Li Yunfei Jia Department of Network Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710600China College of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710600China

In the context of security systems,adequate signal coverage is paramount for the communication between security personnel and the accurate positioning of *** studies focus on optimizing base station deployment under the assumption of static obstacles,aiming to maximize the perception coverage of wireless RF(Radio Frequency)signals and reduce positioning blind ***,in practical security systems,obstacles are subject to change,necessitating the consideration of base station deployment in dynamic ***,research in this area still needs to be *** paper proposes a Dynamic Indoor Environment Beacon Deployment Algorithm(DIE-BDA)to address this *** algorithm considers the dynamic alterations in obstacle locations within the designated *** determines the requisite number of base stations,the requisite time,and the area’s practical and overall signal coverage *** experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can calculate the deployment strategy in 0.12 s following a change in obstacle *** results show that the algorithm in this paper requires 0.12 s to compute the deployment strategy after the positions of obstacles *** 13 base stations,it achieves an effective coverage rate of 93.5%and an overall coverage rate of 97.75%.The algorithm can rapidly compute a revised deployment strategy in response to changes in obstacle positions within security systems,thereby ensuring the efficacy of signal coverage.

关键词： Wireless positioning base station deployment dynamic obstacles dynamic obstacle wireless positioning

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Video captioning – a survey

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第2期84卷 947-978页

作者： Vaishnavi, J. Narmatha, V. Department of Computer Applications SRM Institute of Science and Technology Trichy India Department of Computer and Information Science Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar Tamilnadu 608002 India

The explosion of the novel phenomenon of the combination of computer vision and Natural language processing is playing a vital role in converting the ordinary world into a more technological pool. Natural language processing and computer vision are the vanguard of Artificial intelligence with the enormous potential currently ruling more fields. The trending Accelerated research of the NLP and CV combo are cancer screening, surgical simulation, visual properties description, visual retrieval, visual description, etc. Video captioning is a task of localizing the event and various features are extracted from the particular event and then the description of the entire event is performed with Natural languages using various techniques. The task of video captioning has some evolution of various techniques from Traditional methods to Deep learning. Currently, Deep learning techniques are ruling the field. Several models are being proposed for the better enhancement of the video captioning task with the default Encoder-Decoder framework and some models with the variance of Attention mechanism and Transfer learning etc., The Attainment of every technique and the accuracy of the generated results are highly dependent on the nature of the problem, diversity, performance of chosen dataset and construction of the technique with various layers, and the amount of data split for train, validate, and test. This survey discusses the captioning types, real-time applications of video captioning, evolution of various methods in video captioning, advanced techniques, different datasets, metrics that are used to evaluate the results, and analysis of the results of the existing models for video captioning. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： computer vision

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Deep Learning-Based Image Watermarking Using Catalan Transform and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 68995-69020页

作者： Fahim Hossain Saikat, Md. Provath, Md. Al-Mamun Deb, Kaushik Dhar, Pranab Kumar Shimamura, Tetsuya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chittagong4349 Bangladesh Saitama University Department of Information and Computer Sciences Saitama338-8570 Japan

In the digital age, embedding imperceptible data into images for authenticating ownership and content integrity through watermarking has gained immense importance. Existing watermarking methods struggle to balance imperceptibility, robustness, and security, resulting in suboptimal peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), normalized correlation (NC) values, along with higher time complexity. To overcome these constraints, this study proposes a new method for image watermarking that uses deep learning and operates within the YIQ color space. The main contribution of the proposed method is its new combination of the Catalan transform (CT) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) with an artificial neural network (ANN) for enhanced watermark embedding and extraction. CT enhances pixel intensity while NMF extracts the most significant features from each (m x m) block (with m= 2 in simulations), improving the method's robustness and imperceptibility. Before embedding, the watermark undergoes a new scrambling technique combining adaptive diffusion and non-linear transform, significantly enhancing security. A new embedding equation integrates the watermark into the non-negative elements of the host image blocks. Statistical features from watermarked blocks are used to create a dataset for extraction, and an ANN model trained on this dataset enables accurate watermark recovery. The proposed method achieves a PSNR of 66.43 to 77.02 dB (31.91% improvement), SSIM of 0.99 to 1.00 (1.02% improvement), and NC of 0.99 to 1.00 (1.88% improvement). Its computational complexity is O(n2), a 33.33% reduction compared to traditional O(n3) methods. Security metrics include RE = 0.3094, UACI = 34.21%, and NPCR = 99.15%, demonstrating superior robustness and efficiency over existing approaches. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Non-negative matrix factorization

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Automatic emotion recognition using deep neural network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Sujatha, R. Chatterjee, Jyotir Moy Pathy, Baibhav Hu, Yu-Chen School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of CSE Graphic Era University Dehradun India School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Computer Science Tunghai University Taichung City Taiwan

Emotions are a vital semantic part of human correspondence. Emotions are significant for human correspondence as well as basic for human–computer cooperation. Viable correspondence between people is possibly achieved when both the importance and the emotion of the correspondence are perceived by all groups included. Understanding the significance of language has generally been concentrated on in natural language processing (NLP) as a semantic examination. In NLP, the text can be handled appropriately for classification. Emotion detection from facial emotion is the subfield of social signal processing applied in a wide assortment of regions, explicitly for human and PC collaboration. Many researchers have proposed various approaches, generally utilizing machine learning concepts. Automatic emotion recognition (AER) is significant for working with consistent intuitiveness between a person and a smart device toward fully acknowledging an intelligent society. Many researchers examined cross-lingual and multilingual speech emotion as a stage toward language-free emotion acknowledgment in natural speech. In the present work, we are proposing a deep learning-based AER system using four openly accessible datasets, namely Basic Arabic Vocal Emotions Dataset (BAVED), Acted Emotional Speech Dynamic Database (AESDD), Urdu written in Latin/Roman Script (URDU), and Toronto Emotional Speech Set (TESS), by utilizing the Jupyter notebook and a Python library for music and audio synthesis named Librosa. The experimental results exhibited that the proposed approach achieves better than the existing approaches, i.e., the accuracy of the proposed system with the URDU dataset is 96.24%, the TESS dataset is 99.10%, the AESDD dataset is 65.97%, and the BAVED dataset is 73.12%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Semantics

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Zero Trust Networks: Evolution and Application from Concept to Practice

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 1593-1613页

作者： Yongjun Ren Zhiming Wang Pradip Kumar Sharma Fayez Alqahtani Amr Tolba Jin Wang School of Computer Science School of Cyber Science and EngineeringEngineering Research Center of Digital ForensicsMinistry of EducationNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Computing Science University of AberdeenAberdeenAB243FXUK Software Engineering Department College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12372Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Sanya Institute of Hunan University of Science and Technology Sanya572024China

In the context of an increasingly severe cybersecurity landscape and the growing complexity of offensive and defen-sive techniques,Zero Trust Networks(ZTN)have emerged as a widely recognized *** Trust not only addresses the shortcomings of traditional perimeter security models but also consistently follows the fundamental principle of“never trust,always verify.”Initially proposed by John Cortez in 2010 and subsequently promoted by Google,the Zero Trust model has become a key approach to addressing the ever-growing security threats in complex network *** paper systematically compares the current mainstream cybersecurity models,thoroughly explores the advantages and limitations of the Zero Trust model,and provides an in-depth review of its components and key ***,it analyzes the latest research achievements in the application of Zero Trust technology across various fields,including network security,6G networks,the Internet of Things(IoT),and cloud computing,in the context of specific use *** paper also discusses the innovative contributions of the Zero Trust model in these fields,the challenges it faces,and proposes corresponding solutions and future research directions.

关键词： Zero trust cybersecurity software-defined perimeter micro-segmentation internet of things

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HCBiL-DMN: an effective food infestation detection from stored food grains using deep learning model

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 14047-14070页

作者： Vedavathi, N. Suhas Bharadwaj, R. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering Karnataka Mysuru570002 India Department of Information Science and Engineering The National Institute of Engineering Karnataka Mysuru570008 India

Food Infestation Detection is more important for food safety and health concerns. It is a challenging task to separate the grains into infested or non-infested. It is found that in the existing system, there is no effective approach for the early detection of pest populations and for classifying crops as infested or non-infested. Therefore, the identification and categorization of early-stage grain infestations is in high demand. To address the above problem, this research presents a better technique for detecting and classifying infested and non-infested grains. Initially, the maize, wheat and olive image datasets are collected, which are then pre-processed using data normalization and adaptive wiener filtering (AdwF) approach to improve the excellence of the input images. Image quality helps in achieving better performance and also helps in analyzing the quality of food grains effectively. Feature extraction is done using the Dense Residual Pyramidal Dilated Convolution Network (DR-PDCNet) technique, and feature selection is done using the Linear Discriminant Coati Optimization (LD-CoA) algorithm. The Hybrid Convolutional Bi-LSTM based Deep Maxout Network (HCBiL-DMN) model is used to detect the infected food grains in the preserved food grains with high accuracy. This research explores the potential and future possibilities for using technology to ensure the quality, assessment, and monitoring of nutritional grains during storage. The performance results are achieved with 98.3% accuracy, 99.12% recall, 98.65% precision, 98.02% MCC, and 99.32% F1 score. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Convolution

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Enhancing patient-independent detection of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease with deep adversarial network

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-21页

作者： Fahad, Md Shah Ranjan, Ashish Kumar, Gautam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Jharkhand Ranchi India Department of Computer Science and Engineering C. V. Raman Global University Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India

Freezing of gait (FoG) refers to sudden, relatively brief episodes of gait arrest in Parkinson’s disease, known to manifest in the advanced stages of the condition. Events of freezing are associated with tumbles, traumas, and psychological repercussions, significantly impacting the patient’s quality of life. The use of accelerometer data derived from sensors put on a patient’s body to detect FoG has previously been proposed using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning algorithms. Here, we combine a CNN + Long short-term Memory (LSTM)-attention model to detect FoG episodes—a first for the detection of FoG using the accelerometer data. CNN facilitates automatic feature extraction from the accelerometer data itself. The output from the CNN is fed to the LSTM network, which is known for capturing sequential information. Further, the attention mechanism introduces relative focus on individual sub-sequences during the training of the LSTM network. The proposed model is made patient independent using adversarial training. The proposed model achieved improvements of +7.60% (without adversarial training) and + 8.36% (with adversarial training) in the sensitivity values over state of the art. This is obtained with little or no compromise in specificity values. The corresponding improvements in accuracy values are +3.81 and +2.23%, respectively. These findings imply that the proposed method can detect FoG gaits satisfactorily and can be effective in achieving accurate monitoring and gait assistance for Parkinson’s disease patients during daily life and rehabilitation therapy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Accelerometers

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