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mathematical Model Validation of Search Protocols in MP2P Networks

computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 1807-1829页

作者： Ajay Arunachalam Vinayakumar Ravi Moez Krichen Roobaea Alroobaea Saeed Rubaiee Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems(AASS) Örebro UniversityÖrebroSweden Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Faculty of CSIT Al-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia ReDCAD LaboratoryUniversity of SfaxTunisia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia

Broadcasting is a basic technique in Mobile ad-hoc network(MANET),and it refers to sending a packet from one node to every other node within the transmission *** is a type of broadcast where the received packet is retransmitted once by every *** naive flooding technique,floods the network with query messages,while the random walk technique operates by contacting the subsets of every node’s neighbors at each step,thereby restricting the search *** of the key challenges in an ad-hoc network is the resource or content discovery problem which is about locating the queried *** earlier works have mainly focused on the simulation-based analysis of flooding,and its variants under a wired ***,there have been some empirical studies in peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,the analytical results are still lacking,especially in the context of P2P systems running over *** this paper,we describe how P2P resource discovery protocols perform badly over *** address the limitations,we propose a new protocol named ABRW(Address Broadcast Random Walk),which is a lightweight search approach,designed considering the underlay topology aimed to better suit the unstructured *** provide the mathematical model,measuring the performance of our proposed search scheme with different widely popular benchmarked search ***,we also derive three relevant search performance metrics,i.e.,mean *** steps needed to find a resource,the probability of finding a resource,and the mean *** message *** validated the analytical expressions through *** simulation results closely matched with our analyticalmodel,justifying our *** proposed search algorithm under such highly dynamic self-evolving networks performed better,as it reduced the search latency,decreased the overall message overhead,and still equally had a good success rate.

关键词： Search protocols random walk MANET P2P networks P2P MANET mathematical model peer-to-peer wireless ad hoc network flooding mobile P2P unstructured P2P NS-2 network simulator

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Active Learning of Molecular Data for Task-Specific Objectives

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ghosh, Kunal Todorović, Milica Vehtari, Aki Rinke, Patrick Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. Box 11000 AaltoFI-00076 Finland Department of Computer Science Aalto University P.O. Box 15400 AaltoFI-00076 Finland Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Turku TurkuFI-20014 Finland Physics Department TUM School of Natural Sciences Technical University of Munich Garching Germany Atomistic Modelling Center Munich Data Science Institute Technical University of Munich Garching Germany

Active learning (AL) has shown promise for being a particularly data-efficient machine learning approach. Yet, its performance depends on the application and it is not clear when AL practitioners can expect computational savings. Here, we carry out a systematic AL performance assessment for three diverse molecular datasets and two common scientific tasks: compiling compact, informative datasets and targeted molecular searches. We implemented AL with Gaussian processes (GP) and used the many-body tensor as molecular representation. For the first task, we tested different data acquisition strategies, batch sizes and GP noise settings. AL was insensitive to the acquisition batch size and we observed the best AL performance for the acquisition strategy that combines uncertainty reduction with clustering to promote diversity. However, for optimal GP noise settings, AL did not outperform randomized selection of data points. Conversely, for targeted searches, AL outperformed random sampling and achieved data savings up to 64%. Our analysis provides insight into this task-specific performance difference in terms of target distributions and data collection strategies. We established that the performance of AL depends on the relative distribution of the target molecules in comparison to the total dataset distribution, with the largest computational savings achieved when their overlap is minimal. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Active learning

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Backward Radiation Reduction and Bandwidth Enhancement of Metamaterial Antenna for UWB Applications

Backward Radiation Reduction and Bandwidth Enhancement of Me...

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2021 Emerging Technology in Computing, Communication and Electronics, ETCCE 2021

作者： Uddin, M. Jasim Ullah, M. Habib Bentley, Barry L. Shakib, M.N. Islam, Syed Zahurul Rahman, Md Arafatur Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff School of Technologies Department of Applied Computing and Engineering United Kingdom University of Malaya Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff School of Technologies Department of Computer Science United Kingdom Green University of Bangladesh Faculty of Science and Engineering Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dhaka1207 Bangladesh University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Power Integration Systems Johor Malaysia Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781665483643

A metamaterial inspired planar-patterned microstrip patch antenna, feeding on a Duroid substrate inset bottom ground soft-surface, is presented for ultra-wide band (UWB) applications. The present antenna is configured on a step-edge periodic unit-cell pattern, with a tiny air gap etched on the metal patch and finite ground plane. By employing these structures an ultra-wide band from 4 GHz ~ 16.2 GHz is achieved. The important advantage is retaining the suppression of back radiation while removing grounded edge metallic parts and replacing them with the finite cut-off square unit cell. The feeding ground plane and radiating patch are specially configured to develop artificial structures using series capacitance and shunt inductance. The efficiency of the proposed antenna is above 99.1%. To enhance gain and bandwidth, this antenna has etched Jerusalem crossed slots on the ground plane and star-slots on the patch, with the enhanced gain reaching a maximum of 8 dBi at 9.2 GHz. The antenna's overall dimensions exhibit 0.72λ × 0.83λ × 0.05λ at a 10.1 GHz cut-off frequency. The high absorption gain, directivity, and enhanced frequency bandwidth, verified by numerical modeling and experimentation, ensure the proposed antenna is well suited to any UWB application. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Metamaterial antennas

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Forecasting major impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on country-driven sectors: challenges, lessons, and future roadmap (Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, (2023), 27, 3, (807-830), 10.1007/s00779-021-01530-7)

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Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 2024年

作者： Kumar, Saket Viral, Rajkumar Deep, Vikas Sharma, Purushottam Kumar, Manoj Mahmud, Mufti Stephan, Thompson Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India Dehradun Bidoli India Department of Computer Science Nottingham Trent University Clifton Campus Clifton NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Medical Technologies Innovation Facility Nottingham Trent University Clifton Campus Clifton NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Karnataka Bangalore India

The Editor-in-Chief and the publisher have retracted this article. The article was submitted to be part of a guest-edited issue. An investigation by the publisher found a number of articles, including this one, with a number of concerns, including but not limited to compromised editorial handling and peer review process, inappropriate or irrelevant references or not being in scope of the journal or guest-edited issue. Based on the investigation's findings the Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article. Manoj Kumar and Thompson Stephan disagree with this retraction. Mufti Mahmud has not explicitly stated whether they agree or disagree with the retraction. Rajkumar Viral and Vikas Deep have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. The Publisher has not been able to obtain a current email address for Saket Kumar and Purushottam Sharma. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Acharya, Rajeev Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh Aleiner, Igor Andersen, Trond I. Ansmann, Markus Arute, Frank Arya, Kunal Asfaw, Abraham Astrakhantsev, Nikita Atalaya, Juan Babbush, Ryan Bacon, Dave Ballard, Brian Bardin, Joseph C. Bausch, Johannes Bengtsson, Andreas Bilmes, Alexander Blackwell, Sam Boixo, Sergio Bortoli, Gina Bourassa, Alexandre Bovaird, Jenna Brill, Leon Broughton, Michael Browne, David A. Buchea, Brett Buckley, Bob B. Buell, David A. Burger, Tim Burkett, Brian Bushnell, Nicholas Cabrera, Anthony Campero, Juan Chang, Hung-Shen Chen, Yu Chen, Zijun Chiaro, Ben Chik, Desmond Chou, Charina Claes, Jahan Cleland, Agnetta Y. Cogan, Josh Collins, Roberto Conner, Paul Courtney, William Crook, Alexander L. Curtin, Ben Das, Sayan Davies, Alex De Lorenzo, Laura Debroy, Dripto M. Demura, Sean Devoret, Michel Paolo, Agustin Di Donohoe, Paul Drozdov, Ilya Dunsworth, Andrew Earle, Clint Edlich, Thomas Eickbusch, Alec Elbag, Aviv Moshe Elzouka, Mahmoud Erickson, Catherine Faoro, Lara Farhi, Edward Ferreira, Vinicius S. Burgos, Leslie Flores Forati, Ebrahim Fowler, Austin G. Foxen, Brooks Ganjam, Suhas Garcia, Gonzalo Gasca, Robert Genois, Élie Giang, William Gidney, Craig Gilboa, Dar Gosula, Raja Dau, Alejandro Grajales Graumann, Dietrich Greene, Alex Gross, Jonathan A. Habegger, Steve Hall, John Hamilton, Michael C. Hansen, Monica Harrigan, Matthew P. Harrington, Sean D. Heras, Francisco J.H. Heslin, Stephen Heu, Paula Higgott, Oscar Hill, Gordon Hilton, Jeremy Holland, George Hong, Sabrina Huang, Hsin-Yuan Huff, Ashley Huggins, William J. Ioffe, Lev B. Isakov, Sergei V. Iveland, Justin Jeffrey, Evan Jiang, Zhang Jones, Cody Jordan, Stephen Joshi, Chaitali Juhas, Pavol Kafri, Dvir Kang, Hui Karamlou, Amir H. Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn Kelly, Julian Khaire, Trupti Khattar, Tanuj Khezri, Mostafa Kim, Seon Klimov, Paul V. Klots, Andrey R. Kobrin, Bryce Kohli, Pushmeet Korotkov, Alexander N. Kostritsa, Fedor Kothari, Robin Kozlovskii, Borislav Kreikebaum, John Mark Kurilovich, Vladislav D. Lacroix, Nathan Landhuis, David Lange Google Research United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA United States Google DeepMind United Kingdom Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA United States Department of Physics University of Connecticut StorrsCT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States Department of Physics ETH Zurich Switzerland Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA United States Yale Quantum Institute Yale University New HavenCT United States Departments of Applied Physics and Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States

Quantum error correction [1–4] provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of Λ = 2.14 ± 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% ± 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit’s lifetime by a factor of 2.4 ± 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 µs at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 µs. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3×109 cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Decoding

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Using LLMs to Aid Annotation and Collection of Clinically-Enriched Data in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Aich, Ankit Quynh, Avery Osseyi, Pamela Pinkham, Amy Harvey, Philip Curtis, Brenda Depp, Colin Parde, Natalie Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago United States University of California San Diego United States University of Texas Dallas United States University of Miami United States National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health United States School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Pennsylvania United States

NLP in mental health has been primarily social media focused. Real world practitioners also have high case loads and often domain specific variables, of which modern LLMs lack context. We take a dataset made by recruiting 644 participants, including individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD), Schizophrenia (SZ), and Healthy Controls (HC). Participants undertook tasks derived from a standardized mental health instrument, and the resulting data were transcribed and annotated by experts across five clinical variables. This paper demonstrates the application of contemporary language models in sequence-to-sequence tasks to enhance mental health research. Specifically, we illustrate how these models can facilitate the deployment of mental health instruments, data collection, and data annotation with high accuracy and scalability. We show that small models are capable of annotation for domain-specific clinical variables, data collection for mental-health instruments, and perform better then commercial large models. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Data acquisition

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Quantum simulation of an extended Dicke model with a magnetic solid

Communications Materials

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Communications Materials 2024年第1期5卷 42页

作者： Marquez Peraca, Nicolas Li, Xinwei Moya, Jaime M. Hayashida, Kenji Kim, Dasom Ma, Xiaoxuan Neubauer, Kelly J. Fallas Padilla, Diego Huang, Chien-Lung Dai, Pengcheng Nevidomskyy, Andriy H. Pu, Han Morosan, Emilia Cao, Shixun Bamba, Motoaki Kono, Junichiro Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX United States Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Hokkaido Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University Shanghai China Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research and Technology National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Chemistry Rice University HoustonTX United States Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama Japan Department of Physics Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

The Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactions makes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Atoms

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Autonomic Computing Based Respiratory Disorders Assessment Using Speech Parameters: A Systematic Review

Autonomic Computing Based Respiratory Disorders Assessment U...

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International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT)

作者： Poonam Shrivastava Neeta Tripathi Bhupesh Kumar Dewangan Bikesh Kumar Singh Tanupriya Choudhury Ketan Kotecha Sanjana Dewangan Department of Electronics & Telecommunication SSTC Bhilai Chhattisgarh India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering OP Jindal University Raigarh India Department of Biomedical Engineering National Institute of Technology Raipur Chhattisgarh India Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune India Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence Symbiosis Institute of Technology Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune India School of Science OP Jindal University Raigarh India

Respiratory disorders (RD) are common health problems, and they represent a huge health burden to people around the world. Nowadays, speech analysis is a very important research area in the biomedical field. Therefore, speech analysis can be a useful tool for pre-diagnosing of RD. This review paper aimed to select the features of speech affected by RD and to define autonomic computing in terms of self-care and self-management in disease assessment using the machine learning (ML) paradigm. Selected articles in this work have been published in the last decade and are written in the English language.722 articles in total were obtained, of which 15 were chosen based on the meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach, and for systematic literature reviews (SLR), the reporting items were preferred. Articles were compiled by searching different databases such as Google Scholar, Crossref, and PubMed. This SLR mainly contributed to identifying the role of autonomic computing in the application of self-management for the assessment of RD in ML classifiers. It was observed that most of the research work on respiratory disorders with self-management applying speech analysis was done during the year 2012. Then gradually less work was done in this area until 2018 and in 2019, it increased again and stayed finally stable until 2022. It was concluded that the important information provided by this SLR is efficient model to detect and characterize RDs by applying speech parameters using autonomic computing.

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Conditional Injective Flows for Bayesian Imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Khorashadizadeh, AmirEhsan Kothari, Konik Salsi, Leonardo Harandi, Ali Aghababaei de Hoop, Maarten Dokmanić, Ivan The Department of Mathematics and Computer Science The University of Basel Basel4001 Switzerland The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States The Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran14399-57131 Iran The Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Most deep learning models for computational imaging regress a single reconstructed image. In practice, however, ill-posedness, nonlinearity, model mismatch, and noise often conspire to make such point estimates misleading or insufficient. The Bayesian approach models images and (noisy) measurements as jointly distributed random vectors and aims to approximate the posterior distribution of unknowns. Recent variational inference methods based on conditional normalizing flows are a promising alternative to traditional MCMC methods, but they come with drawbacks: excessive memory and compute demands for moderate to high resolution images and underwhelming performance on hard nonlinear problems. In this work, we propose C-Trumpets-conditional injective flows specifically designed for imaging problems, which greatly diminish these challenges. Injectivity reduces memory footprint and training time while low-dimensional latent space together with architectural innovations like fixed-volume-change layers and skip-connection revnet layers, C-Trumpets outperform regular conditional flow models on a variety of imaging and image restoration tasks, including limited-view CT and nonlinear inverse scattering, with a lower compute and memory budget. C-Trumpets enable fast approximation of point estimates like MMSE or MAP as well as physically-meaningful uncertainty quantification. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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The Importance of Glide-Symmetry in Broadband Sheet-Beam Traveling-Wave Tubes

The Importance of Glide-Symmetry in Broadband Sheet-Beam Tra...

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IEEE International Conference on Plasma science (ICOPS)

作者： R. Marosi M. Saavedra-Melo F. Capolino M. Zuboraj Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Irvine California United States of America Los Alamos National Laboratory Accelerator Operations and Technology - Applied Electrodynamics Los Alamos New Mexico United States of America

Microfabricated traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) are often utilized for amplifying millimeter-wave signals to high power levels over broad bandwidths. One of the crucial components of the TWT which determines its bandwidth is the periodic slow-wave structure (SWS) that is utilized to velocity-synchronize and exchange energy between guided electromagnetic (EM) waves to the space-charge waves in a linear electron beam. Interestingly, many of the “space-harmonic” SWSs found in literature, such as the serpentine, coupled-cavity, and staggered-vane have one geometric feature in common that enables broadband operation: glide-symmetry (GS). A periodic structure is glide-symmetric if it remains invariant under the glide operation, which consists of a reflection in the “glide-plane,” followed by a translation by half of its period 1 . The modes on the $\omega-k$ dispersion diagram of GS SWSs have intersections between spatial harmonics which cross, but do not form stopbands. This feature permits beam-wave velocity synchronization with a continuous guided forward wave over broad frequencies 2 with reduced risk of backward-wave oscillations. On the other hand, periodic SWSs (with period d) that do not exhibit glide-symmetry, either by design or due to fabrication errors such as beam tunnel offsets, will exhibit stopbands every $k=(2n+1)\pi/d$ on the modal dispersion diagram 3 , which can lead to oscillations and non-optimal bandwidth.

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