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6th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics, ESCI 2024

作者： Ajitha, D. Dutta, Disha Saha, Falguni Giri, Parus Kant, Rohan School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Department of Software Systems Vellore India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Department of Database Systems Vellore India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Department of Information Security Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306613

Lip Reading AI is a discipline that is rapidly changing and has numerous applications in security, accessibility and human-computer interaction. This paper proposes a model which combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to capture spatial capabilities, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to examine temporal dependencies, and an adaptive interest mechanism. Meticulous preprocessing of the MIRACL VC-l dataset addressing challenges including one of a kind lip moves and occlusions accompanied with the aid of transitioning this study effortlessly to LRS2 dataset to complement lexemic versatility is one of its key function. The effects verify its robustness throughout unique datasets with superior overall performance towards cutting-edge techniques. Ablation checks suggest the crucial significance of every element in phrases of improving lip analyzing accuracy. Our proposed model version additionally suggests flexibility in restricted and naturalistic language situations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Attention Mechanism Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) Deep Learning Lip Reading Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) LRS2 Dataset MIRACLVC-J Dataset

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A Survey on Verification and Validation, Testing and Evaluations of Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第8期5卷 3765-3779页

作者： Renkhoff, Justus Feng, Ke Meier-Doernberg, Marc Velasquez, Alvaro Song, Houbing Herbert Department of Information Systems BaltimoreMD21250 United States Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daytona BeachFL32114 United States University of Colorado Department of Computer Science BoulderCO80309 United States

Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging branch of AI that combines the strengths of symbolic AI and subsymbolic AI. Symbolic AI is based on the idea that intelligence can be represented using semantically meaningful symbolic rules and representations, while deep learning (DL), or sometimes called subsymbolic AI, is based on the idea that intelligence emerges from the collective behavior of artificial neurons that are connected to each other. A major drawback of DL is that it acts as a 'black box,' meaning that predictions are difficult to explain, making the testing & evaluation (T&E) and validation & verification (V&V) processes of a system that uses subsymbolic AI a challenge. Since neurosymbolic AI combines the advantages of both symbolic and subsymbolic AI, this survey explores how neurosymbolic applications can ease the V&V process. This survey considers two taxonomies of neurosymbolic AI, evaluates them, and analyzes which algorithms are commonly used as the symbolic and subsymbolic components in current applications. Additionally, an overview of current techniques for the T&E and V&V processes of these components is provided. Furthermore, it is investigated how the symbolic part is used for T&E and V&V purposes in current neurosymbolic applications. Our research shows that neurosymbolic AI has great potential to ease the T&E and V&V processes of subsymbolic AI by leveraging the possibilities of symbolic AI. Additionally, the applicability of current T&E and V&V methods to neurosymbolic AI is assessed, and how different neurosymbolic architectures can impact these methods is explored. It is found that current T&E and V&V techniques are partly sufficient to test, evaluate, verify, or validate the symbolic and subsymbolic part of neurosymbolic applications independently, while some of them use approaches where current T&E and V&V methods are not applicable by default, and adjustments or even new approaches are needed. Our research shows that th

关键词： Neural networks

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Detection of Artery/Vein in Retinal Images Using CNN and GCN for Diagnosis of Hypertensive Retinopathy 4th

Detection of Artery/Vein in Retinal Images Using CNN and GCN...

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4th International Conference on IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent systems, ICICNIS 2023

作者： Al Sariera, Esra’a Mahmoud Jamil Padma, M.C. Al Sariera, Thamer Mitib Department of Computer Science and Engineering PES College of Engineering Mandya University of Mysore Mysore India Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Amman Arab University Amman Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819965854

A progressive disease of the retina known as hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is linked to both high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. The severity and persistence of high blood pressure are directly connected with the development of HR. The results of the HR include constricted arterioles, retinal hemorrhage, macular edema, and cotton-like patches as symptoms of eye pathological problems. In this paper, a novel strategy that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph convolutional network (GCN) is proposed to improve the accuracy of categorizing retinal blood vessels and classification of HR phases. The process is extracting vessel features from the spatial domain and representing them using graphs. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Data Augmentation and Random Multi-Model Deep Learning for Data Classification

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5191-5207页

作者： Fatma Harby Adel Thaljaoui Durre Nayab Suliman Aladhadh Salim EL Khediri Rehan Ullah Khan Computer Science Department Future Academy-Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological StudiesEgypt Department of Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Sciences of GafsaUniversity of GafsaGafsaTunisia

In the machine learning(ML)paradigm,data augmentation serves as a regularization approach for creating ML *** increase in the diversification of training samples increases the generalization capabilities,which enhances the prediction performance of classifiers when tested on unseen *** learning(DL)models have a lot of parameters,and they frequently ***,to avoid overfitting,data plays a major role to augment the latest improvements in ***,reliable data collection is a major limiting ***,this problem is undertaken by combining augmentation of data,transfer learning,dropout,and methods of normalization in *** this paper,we introduce the application of data augmentation in the field of image classification using Random Multi-model Deep Learning(RMDL)which uses the association approaches of multi-DL to yield random models for *** present a methodology for using Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)to generate images for data *** experiments,we discover that samples generated by GANs when fed into RMDL improve both accuracy and model *** across both MNIST and CIAFAR-10 datasets show that,error rate with proposed approach has been decreased with different random models.

关键词： Data augmentation generative adversarial networks classification machine learning random multi-model deep learning

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SightAid: empowering the visually impaired in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with deep learning-based intelligent wearable vision system

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第19期36卷 11075-11095页

作者： Talaat, Fatma M. Farsi, Mohammed Badawy, Mahmoud Elhosseini, Mostafa Machine Learning Department Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt Faculty of Computer Science & amp Engineering New Mansoura University Gamasa35712 Egypt College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Yanbu46421 Saudi Arabia Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt Computer Science and Information Department Applied College Taibah University Madinah46537 Saudi Arabia

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, visual impairment poses significant challenges for approximately 17.5% of school-aged children, mainly due to refractive errors. These challenges extend to everyday navigation, environmental interaction, and overall life quality. Motivated by the desire to empower visually impaired individuals, who face navigational limitations, difficulties in object recognition, and inadequate assistance from traditional technologies, we propose SightAid. This innovative wearable vision system utilizes a deep learning-based framework, addressing the gaps left by current assistive solutions. Traditional methods, such as canes and GPS devices, often fail to meet the nuanced and dynamic needs of the visually impaired, especially in accurately identifying objects, understanding complex environments, and providing essential real-time feedback for independent navigation. SightAid comprises a seven-phase framework involving data collection, preprocessing, and training of a sophisticated deep neural network with multiple convolutional and fully connected layers. This system is integrated into smart glasses with augmented reality displays, enabling real-time object detection and recognition. Interaction with users is facilitated through audio or haptic feedback, informing them about the location and type of objects detected. A continuous learning mechanism, incorporating user feedback and new data, ensures the system's ongoing refinement and adaptability. For performance assessment, we utilized the MNIST dataset, and an Indoor Objects Detection dataset tailored for the visually impaired, featuring images of everyday objects crucial for safe indoor navigation. SightAid demonstrates remarkable performance with accuracy up to 0.9874, recall values between 0.98 and 0.99, F1-scores ranging from 0.98 to 0.99, and AUC-ROC values reaching as high as 0.9999. These metrics significantly surpass those of traditional methods, highlighting SightAid's potential to substan

关键词： Object recognition

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A deep learning model based glaucoma detection using retinal images

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy systems 2024年第1期1卷 1-12页

作者： Ruby Elizabeth, J. Kesavaraja, D. Ebenezer Juliet, S. Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology T.M. Palayam Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering Tuticorin District Tamil Nadu Tiruchendur India Scope Vit Tamil Nadu Vellore India

The retinal illness that causes vision loss frequently on the globe is glaucoma. Hence, the earlier detection of Glaucoma is important. In this article, modified AlexNet deep leaning model is proposed to category the source retinal images into either healthy or Glaucoma through the detection and segmentations of optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) regions in retinal pictures. The retinal images are preprocessed and OD region is detected and segmented using circulatory filter. Further, OC regions are detected and segmented using K-means classification algorithm. Then, the segmented OD and OC region are classified and trained by the suggested AlexNet deep leaning model. This model classifies the source retinal image into either healthy or Glaucoma. Finally, performance measures have been estimated in relation to ground truth pictures in regards to accuracy, specificity and sensitivity. These performance measures are contrasted with the other previous Glaucoma detection techniques on publicly accessible retinal image datasets HRF and RIGA. The suggested technique as described in this work achieves 91.6% GDR for mild case and also achieves 100% GDR for severe case on HRF dataset. The suggested method as described in this work achieves 97.7% GDR for mild case and also achieves 100% GDR for severe case on RIGA dataset. AIM: Segmenting the OD and OC areas and classifying the source retinal picture as either healthy or glaucoma-affected. METHODS: The retinal images are preprocessed and OD region is detected and segmented using circulatory filter. Further, OC region is detected and segmented using K-means classification algorithm. Then, the segmented OD and OC region classified are and trained by the suggested AlexNet deep leaning model. RESULTS: The suggested method as described in this work achieves 91.6% GDR for mild case and also achieves 100% GDR for severe case on HRF dataset. The suggested method as described in this work achieves 97.7% GDR for mild case and also achie

关键词： Ophthalmology

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Automatic extraction of lightweight and efficient neural network architecture of heavy convolutional architectures to predict microsatellite instability from hematoxylin and eosin histology in gastric cancer

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第25期36卷 15295-15321页

作者： Rostami, Habib Ashkpour, Maryam Behzadi-Khormouji, Hamed Mokhtari, Maral Khayati, Armin Keshavarz, Ahmad Talatian Azad, Saeed Tabesh, Yahya Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Healthcare Lab Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining Research Group Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science ICT Research Institute Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran Faculty of New Science and Technologies University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Computer Science Imec-IDLab University of Antwerp Sint-Pietersvliet 7 Antwerp2000 Belgium Shahid Faghihi Hospital Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran Department of Computer Science Engineering and IT School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran IoT and Signal Processing Research Group Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science ICT Research Institute Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran Department of Mathematical Sciences Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Cancers have emerged as a significant concern due to their impact on public health and society. The examination and interpretation of tissue sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) play a crucial role in disease assessment, particularly in cases like gastric cancer. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is suggested to contribute to the carcinogenesis of specific gastrointestinal tumors. However, due to the nonspecific morphology observed in H&E-stained tissue sections, MSI determination often requires costly evaluations through various molecular studies and immunohistochemistry methods in specialized molecular pathology laboratories. Despite the high cost, international guidelines recommend MSI testing for gastrointestinal cancers. Thus, there is a pressing need for a new diagnostic modality with lower costs and widespread applicability for MSI detection. This study aims to detect MSI directly from H&E histology slides in gastric cancer, providing a cost-effective alternative. The performance of well-known deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and a proposed architecture are compared. Medical image datasets are typically smaller than benchmark datasets like ImageNet, necessitating the use of off-the-shelf DCNN architectures developed for large datasets through techniques such as transfer learning. Designing an architecture proportional to a custom dataset can be tedious and may not yield desirable results. In this work, we propose an automatic method to extract a lightweight and efficient architecture from a given heavy architecture (e.g., well-known off-the-shelf DCNNs) proportional to a specific dataset. To predict MSI instability, we extracted the MicroNet architecture from the Xception network using the proposed method and compared its performance with other well-known architectures. The models were trained using tiles extracted from whole-slide images, and two evaluation strategies, tile-based and whole-slide image (WSI)-based, were employed and comp

关键词： Network architecture

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Deep Learning with a Novel Concoction Loss Function for Identification of Ophthalmic Disease

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3763-3781页

作者： Sayyid Kamran Hussain Ali Haider Khan Malek Alrashidi Sajid Iqbal Qazi Mudassar Ilyas Kamran Shah Department of Computer Science TIMES InstituteMultan60000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Computer ScienceLahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Applied CollegeUniversity of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityAl Hofuf31982Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl HofufSaudi Arabia

As ocular computer-aided diagnostic(CAD)tools become more widely accessible,many researchers are developing deep learning(DL)methods to aid in ocular disease(OHD)*** eye diseases like cataracts(CATR),glaucoma(GLU),and age-related macular degeneration(AMD)are the focus of this study,which uses DL to examine their *** imbalance and outliers are widespread in fundus images,which can make it difficult to apply manyDL algorithms to accomplish this analytical *** creation of efficient and reliable DL algorithms is seen to be the key to further enhancing detection *** the analysis of images of the color of the retinal fundus,this study offers a DL model that is combined with a one-of-a-kind concoction loss function(CLF)for the automated identification of *** study presents a combination of focal loss(FL)and correntropy-induced loss functions(CILF)in the proposed DL model to improve the recognition performance of classifiers for biomedical *** is done because of the good generalization and robustness of these two types of losses in addressing complex datasets with class imbalance and *** classification performance of the DL model with our proposed loss function is compared to that of the baseline models using accuracy(ACU),recall(REC),specificity(SPF),Kappa,and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)as the evaluation *** testing shows that the method is reliable and efficient.

关键词： Deep learning multi-classification focal loss CNN eye disease

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A Data-Driven Adaptive Control Approach for Enhancing the Dynamic Response of VSGs in Varying Grid Conditions

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IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2025年第3期40卷 1421-1433页

作者： Fahad, Shah She, Buxin Yin, Junjie Li, Fangxing Cui, Hantao Bo, Rui Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA Senior Power Systems Engineer ETAP Irvine CA USA Optimization & Control Group Parcific Northwest National Laboratory Richland USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee at Knoxville Knoxville TN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

Conventionally, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is designed for islanded mode (IM) operation to meet specific operational requirements such as the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). However, the operation of VSG designed for IM may not meet the operational and control criteria in grid connected mode (GCM) when the grid conditions vary. In addition, conventional VSG control technology does not consider the influence of the presynchronization scheme when connected to a weak grid, which degrades the RoCoF in IM. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, the proposed study presents a twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm to improve the seamless transition performance of VSG from IM to GCM and vice versa. In the first step, the VSG-based power system model is used as a foundation for problem formulation of the proposed TD3 algorithm. Secondly, a reward function is designed according to the performance requirements, i.e., frequency and RoCoF requirements, of the VSG in order to guide the training of the agent in varying load, power reference, and grid conditions. Finally, the superiority of the proposed algorithm over existing methods is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and RTDS based real-time simulation environment. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Parameter Tuning in Automatic Detection Algorithm for Detecting Artificial Brain Shift 24

Parameter Tuning in Automatic Detection Algorithm for Detect...

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6th International Conference on Intelligent Medicine and Image Processing, IMIP 2024

作者： Watanabe, Kaoru Noborio, Hiroshi Koeda, Masanao Department of Computer Science Osaka Electro-Communication University Japan Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Okayama Prefectural University Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710032

In neurosurgery to remove brain tumors, DICOM data, a medical imaging standard, is generated preoperatively using CT and MRI. This data is used for surgical planning. However, brain deformation problems, known as brain shift, occur during surgery, resulting in discrepancies from the preoperative surgical plan. Deviations from the surgical plan due to brain shift are a life-threatening problem as they reduce the success rate of surgery. Brain shifts have not yet been elucidated, and DICOM data acquired from MRIs and CTs for surgical planning remain stored and archived in hospital information centers. Here, it is planned to extract the physical parameters of the brain model from a large amount of brain deformation data using pre- and post-operative brain DICOM pairs, which are stored in large quantities in hospitals and discarded after a particular time. This study investigates the optimization of parameters in the brain shift detection algorithm. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)

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