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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第2期41卷 1-19页

作者： A, Padmashree Sankar, P. Alkhayyat, Ahmad Muniyandy, Elangovan Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Sathyamangalam India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Computers Techniques Engineering College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University Najaf Iraq Department of Computers Techniques Engineering College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah Al Diwaniyah Iraq Department of Biosciences Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Tamil Nadu Chennai India Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan

Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive framework for the analysis of brain tumor images, addressing the complexities of detection, segmentation, and classification. Given the intricate nature of brain anatomy and tumor variability, the study aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of brain tumor diagnosis using advanced imaging and processing techniques. Methods: The framework utilizes Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) 2019 and 2020 datasets, applying an AMW-PM filter to enhance image quality. Tumor segmentation employs a slimmable transformer with hybrid axial attention for precision. Classification uses similarity navigated graph neural networks (SNGNNs), optimized with the crayfish algorithm (CFO) to minimize loss and enhance performance. Results: The framework’s effectiveness was validated using key performance metrics, showing significant improvements in tumor detection and classification. The combination of advanced segmentation techniques and the SNGNN classifier, optimized by the CFO, led to a fivefold increase in diagnostic accuracy. These improvements demonstrated a substantial enhancement in the model's ability to correctly identify tumor types and provide reliable outputs for clinical use. Conclusion: The proposed framework delivers a robust solution for brain tumor analysis, integrating cutting-edge techniques for image processing, segmentation, and classification. The results not only highlight improvements in diagnostic accuracy but also contribute to better clinical decision-making in managing brain tumors. This framework sets the foundation for future advancements in brain tumor diagnostics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2025.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Enhancing stencil printing in PCB production using deep learning based approach for residue classification and optimization

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2025年 1-11页

作者： Jain, Swati Patel, Ruhi Desai, Manad Verma, Jai Prakash Yoon, Sang Won Department of Computer Science and Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Gujarat Ahmedabad India Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton NY United States

Surface-mount technology (SMT) is the technology used in the production of printed circuit boards (PCB) plays a vital role in PCB manufacturing for applications ranging from communication devices to medical systems. A significant challenge in the stencil printing process, a critical step in PCB production, is solder paste buildup in stencil apertures, contributing to 57%–71% of soldering defects. To address this issue, this study presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based framework for categorizing solder paste residue levels into three classes: low, moderate, and high. The methodology involves cropping and pre-processing images of stencil apertures, which are then fed into the CNN model for classification. To enhance model robustness and prevent overfitting, data augmentation techniques, including aperture rotation, are applied, effectively increasing the dataset size and promoting generalization. The model achieves a classification accuracy of 87% during testing, with precision and recall values provided for each residue class. This approach aims to optimize the stencil printing process by enabling accurate residue categorization and facilitating targeted cleaning cycles, ultimately reducing soldering defects and improving PCB production efficiency. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2025.

关键词： CNN Deep learning Printed sensing board (PCB) Residue build-up Stencil printing Surface mount technology (SMT) SVM VGG16

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Scheduling Bi-Objective Lot-Streaming Hybrid Flow Shops with Consistent Sublots via an Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

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Complex System Modeling and Simulation 2025年第1期5卷 46-67页

作者： Lu, Benxue Gao, Kaizhou Duan, Peiyong Slowik, Adam School of Computer Science Liaocheng University Liaocheng252000 China Macau Institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Macau999078 China School of Information and Automation Engineering Qilu University of Technology Jinan250353 China Koszalin University of Technology Department of Electronics and Computer Science Koszalin75-453 Poland

This work addresses bi-objective hybrid flow shop scheduling problems considering consistent sublots (Bi-HFSP_CS). The objectives are to minimize the makespan and total energy consumption. First, the Bi-HFSP_CS is formalized, followed by the establishment of a mathematical model. Second, enhanced version of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms is proposed for tackling the Bi-HFSP_CS. Then, fourteen local search operators are employed to search for better solutions. Two different O-learning tactics are developed to embed into the ABC algorithm to guide the selection of operators throughout the iteration process. Finally, the proposed tactics are assessed for their efficacy through a comparison of the ABC algorithm, its three variants, and three effective algorithms in resolving 95 instances of 35 different problems. The experimental results and analysis showcase that the enhanced ABC algorithm combined with O-learning (QABC1) demonstrates as the top performer for solving concerned problems. This study introduces a novel approach to solve the Bi-HFSP_CS and illustrates its efficacy and superior competitive strength, offering beneficial perspectives for exploration and research in relevant domains. © 2021 TUP.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Smart Sanitation Management: Integrating IoT, AI-Driven Analytics, and Automated Sensing for Efficient Public Toilet Maintenance 2

Smart Sanitation Management: Integrating IoT, AI-Driven Anal...

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2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and Autonomous systems, ICMLAS 2025

作者： Haripriya, K. Preethi, C. Hammed, S.Shahul Pavalarajan, S. Sharon, S. Akhil Suryakumar, S. PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Dindigul India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505745

An IoT-based self-sustained public toilet maintenance system aims to improve hygiene, efficiency, and resource management. It integrates smart sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud connectivity to monitor parameters such as water levels, air quality, and toilet usage in real-time. AI-driven predictive maintenance optimizes cleaning schedules, minimizes downtime, and ensures efficient resource use. Automated water control prevents wastage, while air quality sensors detect harmful gases and activate ventilation. A smart notification system alerts municipal authorities about supply shortages, enabling timely replenishment of water, soap, and tissues. By reducing manual intervention, the system lowers operational costs and improves service quality. Cloud connectivity allows seamless data processing, offering insights for better sanitation management. The integration of IoT and AI ensures proactive maintenance responses. A comparative analysis highlights the novelty of this system in automating and optimizing maintenance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Replenishment (water resources)

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Fruit Ripeness Detection using RipeNet 3

Fruit Ripeness Detection using RipeNet

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3rd International Conference on Electronics and Renewable systems, ICEARS 2025

作者： Bhavana, Kapa Sumathi, R. Vanaja, Kandregula Manjula, S. Srinivasulu, T. Divya, Siripuri Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Department of Computer Science and Engineering India Nehru Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology Andhra Pradesh Surampalem India Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Department of Computer Science and Engineering Telangana Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509675

Fruits are absolutely delicious for the most part, but more importantly, they are good for healthy life. Fruits are nature's candy and offer all sorts of health benefits besides the great taste. They provide necessary nutrients to the body so that it will not be susceptible to disease or other ailments. Fruits contain enough fiber to keep our digestive system in top health form. Fruits also helps to regulate the water level in body as well as your blood sugar levels, which means that will usually feel hungry less often if we consumes a lot of fruits. The easier it is for people to recognize that a fruit is ripe and ready for selling at the market allows the farmers, in some cases, to sell their crop early before it would normally spoil. If we look closely, we see that many times people don't buy something because it appears rotten or way past its peak ripeness, which demonstrates how products spoil right on time. This study proposed a user-convenient system for fruit ripeness detection using the convolutional neural network (CNN) based on RipeNet structure. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Fruits

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence Driven Segmentation for Cervical Cancer Screening

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 71306-71322页

作者： Sritharan, Niruthikka Gnanavel, Nishaanthini Inparaj, Prathushan Meedeniya, Dulani Yogarajah, Pratheepan University of Moratuwa Department of Computer Science and Engineering Moratuwa10400 Sri Lanka Ulster University School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems LondonderryBT48 7JL United Kingdom

Cervical cancer remains an important global health challenge among women. Early and accurate identification of abnormal cervical cells is crucial for effective treatment and improved survival rates. This paper addresses the development of a novel weakly supervised segmentation framework that combines binary classification, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques, and GraphCut to automate cervical cancer screening. Unlike traditional segmentation methods that rely on pixel-level annotations of medical images, which are costly, laborious, and require expertise in medical imaging, our approach leverages classification-driven insights to segment the nucleus, cytoplasm, and background regions. A key innovation of our framework is the use of XAI techniques such as Grad-CAM++ and LRP combined with GraphCut, to enable annotation-free segmentation using only classification-level labels. This represents a pioneering application of explainability techniques in the context of cervical cancer screening. Among the classification models explored, including fine-tuned variants of VGGNet and XceptionNet, VGG16-Adapted128 achieved the highest performance, marked by an accuracy of 0.94, precision of 0.94, recall of 0.94, and an F1 score of 0.94. This novel segmentation framework employed LRP and GradCAM++ as XAI techniques to gain insight into the decision-making process of classification models, with GradCAM++ demonstrating greater effectiveness. The performance of these XAI methods was assessed through both visual inspection and quantitative metrics, including entropy and pixel flipping. This innovative approach to segmentation is formally introduced through two algorithms detailed in this paper. The weakly supervised segmentation framework achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 62.05% and an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 61.89%. In addition, it has received high satisfaction ratings from expert evaluations and has been seamlessly integrated into a user-frie

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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A Comparison of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods for Water Quality Prediction 3

A Comparison of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods f...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2025

作者： Srinivasa Gupta, N. Valarmathi, B. Hiwanj, Ishaan Department of Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Software and Systems Engineering School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Information Technology School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527549

Predicting water quality is essential to preserving human health and environmental sustainability. Traditional water quality assessment methods often face scalability and real-time monitoring limitations. With accuracies of 62%, 72%, 83%, 69%, 63%, 66%, 71%, 63%, and 64%, respectively, the current techniques utilized were Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest Regressor, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, and Bagging [9]. This study addresses these challenges by leveraging Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) to balance the dataset and evaluating model performance on datasets of 5,000 and 10,000 entries per class. A robust dataset obtained from Kaggle was used, with five models – Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Random Forest – evaluated and compared. The proposed methods demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, with XGBoost achieving the highest accuracy of 95.53%, followed by Random Forest at 93.98%. This work underscores the importance of advanced machine learning techniques in addressing the limitations of traditional methods, enhancing accuracy, scalability, and adaptability in water quality prediction. These findings contribute to advancing environmental monitoring and management practices with reliable, data-driven insights. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Hybrid-Optimized Model for Deepfake Detection

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International Journal of Advanced computer science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 148-160页

作者： Mancy, H. Elpeltagy, Marwa Eldahshan, Kamal Ismail, Aya Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Computer Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj11942 Saudi Arabia Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Systems and Computers Department Al-Azhar University Egypt Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University Egypt Mathematics Department Tanta University Egypt

The advancement of deep learning models has led to the creation of novel techniques for image and video synthesis. One such technique is the deepfake, which swaps faces among persons and then produces hyper-realistic videos of individuals saying or doing things that they never said or done. These deepfake videos pose a serious risk to everyone and countries if they are exploited for extortion, scamming, political disinformation, or identity theft. This work presents a new methodology based on a hybrid-optimized model for detecting deepfake videos. A Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) is employed to detect human faces from video frames. Then, the optimal bounding box representing the face region per frame is selected, which could help to discover many artifacts. An improved Xception-Network is proposed to extract informative and deep hierarchical representations of the produced face frames. The Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm is employed to search for the optimal hyperparameters' values in the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier model to properly discriminate the deepfake videos from the genuine ones. The proposed method is trained and validated on two different datasets;CelebDF-FaceForencics++ (c23) and FakeAVCeleb, and tested also on various datasets;CelebDF, DeepfakeTIMIT, and FakeAVCeleb. The experimental study proves the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method yielded %97.88 accuracy and %97.65 AUROC on the trained CelebDF-FaceForencics++ (c23) and tested CelebDF datasets. Additionally, it achieved %98.44 accuracy and %98.44 AUROC on the trained CelebDF-FaceForencics++ (c23) and tested DeepfakeTIMIT datasets. Moreover, it yielded %99.50 accuracy and %99.21 AUROC on the FakeAVCeleb visual dataset. © (2025), (science and Information Organization). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Ecology, Spatial Structure, and Selection Pressure Induce Strong Signatures in Phylogenetic Structure

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Artificial life 2025年第2期31卷 129-152页

作者： Moreno, Matthew Andres Rodriguez-Papa, Santiago Dolson, Emily University of Michigan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Center for the Study of Complex Systems Michigan Institute for Data and AI in Society Michigan State University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Program in Ecology Evolution Behavior

Evolutionary dynamics are shaped by a variety of fundamental, generic drivers, including spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure. These drivers impact the trajectory of evolution and have been hypothesized to influence phylogenetic structure. For instance, they can help explain natural history, steer behavior of contemporary evolving populations, and influence the efficacy of application-oriented evolutionary optimization. Likewise, in inquiry-oriented Artificial Life systems, these drivers constitute key building blocks for open-ended evolution. Here we set out to assess (a) if spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure leave detectable signatures in phylogenetic structure;(b) the extent, in particular, to which ecology can be detected and discerned in the presence of spatial structure;and (c) the extent to which these phylogenetic signatures generalize across evolutionary systems. To this end, we analyze phylogenies generated by manipulating spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure within three computational models of varied scope and sophistication. We find that selection pressure, spatial structure, and ecology have characteristic effects on phylogenetic metrics, although these effects are complex and not always intuitive. Signatures have some consistency across systems when using equivalent taxonomic unit definitions (e.g., individual, genotype, species). Furthermore, we find that sufficiently strong ecology can be detected in the presence of spatial structure. We also find that, while low-resolution phylogenetic reconstructions can bias some phylogenetic metrics, high-resolution reconstructions recapitulate them faithfully. Although our results suggest a potential for evolutionary inference of spatial structure, ecology, and selection pressure through phylogenetic analysis, further methods development is needed to distinguish these drivers' phylometric signatures from each other and to appropriately normalize phylogenetic metrics.

关键词： agent-based simulation Artificial Life Ecology evolution evolutionary dynamics phylogenetic analysis phylogeny metrics

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PDNet: A Novel Approach to Plant Disease Detection using CNN and Keras 6

PDNet: A Novel Approach to Plant Disease Detection using CNN...

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6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Jain, Garima Shukla, Amita Chaudhary, Anamika Sharma, Nidhi Bisht, Sovers Singh Jain, Ankush Department of Computer Science and Buisness Systems Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida India Department of Data Science Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida India Department of Data Science Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology Delhi India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Netaji Subhas University of Technology Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

This research addresses the pressing global demand for food by leveraging cutting-edge deep learning techniques for automating plant disease detection. Focusing on tomato and potato leaf diseases, the study utilized the PlantVillage dataset to compare classical machine learning methods, such as Local Binary Patterns (LBP) combined with classifiers like kNN, SVM, and Extreme Learning Machines, against modern Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures. These included MobileNet, DenseNet201, ResNet50, Inception V3, and VGG16/19. A custom-designed CNN model was developed with unique configurations implemented using Keras and TensorFlow. The model was tested for binary, 6-class, and 10-class classifications, achieving remarkable accuracy rates of 99.6%, 98.4%, and 97.2%, respectively. Notably, after 50 training epochs, the model achieved a peak accuracy of 99.78% for plant disease classification. A practical web-based application was also developed, integrating the best-performing model to facilitate real-time leaf disease detection and notify farmers via email. This approach demonstrates a significant advancement in sustainable agriculture by providing an efficient, accurate, and scalable solution for early disease detection, which is critical for improving crop yield and productivity. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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