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Intelligent integration of AI and IoT for advancing ecological health, medical services, and community prosperity

Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 127卷 522-540页

作者： Alzahrani, Abdulrahman Kostkova, Patty Alshammari, Hamoud Habibullah, Safa Alzahrani, Ahmed Department of Information System and Technology College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Saudi Arabia University College London United Kingdom Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf University Saudi Arabia

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are developing so fast that they can bring revolutionary changes in ecological sustainability, public health, and community welfare. In contrast, the present waste management system has a set of inefficiencies due to some challenges, such as poor waste stream segregation, limited real-time data analysis, and negligible integration of recent technology. These challenges lead to environmental degradation, public health hazards, and inefficient usage of resources. This research targets these challenges by designing an IWM framework like AI-IoT for smart waste management. The system employs AI models powered by IoT sensors for efficient waste collection, classification, and optimization of recycling schedules. CNN (convolutional neural networks) with transfer learning enabled by Res-Net provides high-accuracy image recognition, which can be used for waste classification. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) allow multilingual users to interact and communicate properly in any linguistic environment. Data collected from IoT-enabled smart bins is transmitted in real-time to a central control system for dynamic decision-making and follow-up analysis. A pilot exercise to verify the system's effectiveness was implemented in metropolitan settings to show the transformation: landfill dependency was decreased by 30 %, recycling efficiency was greatly increased to 90 %, and thus the cost of waste management was optimized. At the same time, environmental health inequity, causing pathogen-related threats, was reduced by 35 %. The model has an accuracy of 96.8 %. The features of the proposed framework not only provide solutions to the existing inefficiencies but also enhance scalability, cost-effectiveness, and global environmental standardization. This dawns the futuristic growth of AI- and IoT-enabled waste management systems, which hinge on sustainability, public health, and resource efficienc

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things BERT Medical Services Res-Net Waste Management

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Exploring Author Style in Nakba Short Stories: A Comparative Study of Transformer-Based Models 1

Exploring Author Style in Nakba Short Stories: A Comparative...

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1st International Workshop on Nakba Narratives as Language Resources, Nakba-NLP 2025

作者： Hamed, Osama Zaidkilani, Nadeem Department of Computer Systems Engineering Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie Palestine Department of Computer Engineering and Security Mathematics University Rovira i Virgili Spain Department of Engineering and Technology Al-Zaytona University of Science and Technology Palestine

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762169

Measuring semantic similarity and analyzing authorial style are fundamental tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with applications in text classification, cultural analysis, and literary studies. This paper investigates the semantic similarity and stylistic features of Nakba short stories, a key component of Palestinian literature, using transformer-based models, AraBERT, BERT, and RoBERTa. The models effectively capture nuanced linguistic structures, cultural contexts, and stylistic variations in Arabic narratives, outperforming the traditional TF-IDF baseline. By comparing stories of similar length, we minimize biases and ensure a fair evaluation of both semantic and stylistic relationships. Experimental results indicate that RoBERTa achieves slightly higher performance, highlighting its ability to distinguish subtle stylistic patterns. This study demonstrates the potential of AI-driven tools to provide more in-depth insights into Arabic literature, and contributes to the systematic analysis of both semantic and stylistic elements in Nakba narratives. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Structure learning of Bayesian networks using sparrow optimization algorithm

International Journal of Systematic Innovation

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International Journal of Systematic Innovation 2025年第2期9卷 14-25页

作者： Kareem, Shahab Wahhab Awla, Hoshang Qasim Mohammed, Amin Salih Department of Technical Information Systems Engineering Erbil Technical Engineering College Erbil Polytechnic University Erbil Iraq Department of Computer Technical Engineering Al-Qalam University College Kirkuk Iraq Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Soran University Soran Iraq Department of Software and Informatics Salahaddin University Erbil Iraq

Bayesian networks are powerful analytical models in machine learning, used to represent probabilistic relationships among variables and create learning structures. These networks are made up of parameters that show conditional probabilities and a structure that shows how random variables interact with each other. The structure is shown by a directed acyclic graph. Despite the NP-hard nature of learning Bayesian network structures, there has been significant progress in improving the accuracy of approximation solutions. The main focus is on score-based search strategies, which make use of functions to evaluate network models and identify structures with high scores. This study is significantly focused on structure learning Bayesian networks using the Bayesian Dirichlet equivalent uniform scoring function and metaheuristic search strategies. To this end, this paper presents the sparrow optimization algorithm (SOA), a new metaheuristic algorithm derived from the foraging behavior of sparrows. SOA performs a concurrent optimization in the solution space by simultaneously performing a local and global search that leads to the discovery of near-optimal structures. The results from our experiments on several benchmark datasets show that SOA yields overall better performance than SA and greedy search algorithms. In particular, it is claimed that by applying the proposed approach of SOA, the convergence speed is significantly higher compared with the existing ones;F1 score is 0.35 and 0.05 for the Hamming distance with better results. Given these results, signed operators prove to be very efficient in SOA’s Bayesian network structure learning as a concept, especially for real-world use. © (2024), (Society of Sytematic Innovation). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Bayesian Network Global and Local Search Search and Score Sparrow Search Optimization Algorithm Structure Learning

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Arabic Topic Classification Corpus of the Nakba Short Stories 1

Arabic Topic Classification Corpus of the Nakba Short Storie...

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1st International Workshop on Nakba Narratives as Language Resources, Nakba-NLP 2025

ISBN: (纸本)9798891762169

In this paper, we enrich Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) resources by introducing the "Nakba Topic Classification Corpus (NTCC)," a novel annotated Arabic corpus derived from narratives about the Nakba. The NTCC comprises approximately 470 sentences extracted from eight short stories and captures the thematic depth of the Nakba narratives, providing insights into both historical and personal dimensions. The corpus was annotated in a two-step process. One third of the dataset was manually annotated, achieving an IAA of 87% (later resolved to 100%), while the rest was annotated using a rule-based system based on thematic patterns. This approach ensures consistency and reproducibility, enhancing the corpus’s reliability for NLP research. The NTCC contributes to the preservation of the Palestinian cultural heritage while addressing key challenges in Arabic NLP, such as data scarcity and linguistic complexity. By like topic modeling and classification tasks, the NTCC offers a valuable resource for advancing Arabic NLP research and fostering a deeper understanding of the Nakba narratives. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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The Intersection of Genetics and Neuroimaging: A Systematic Review of Imaging Genetics in Neurological Disease for Personalized Treatment

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Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 2025年第2期75卷 1-26页

作者： Mashhour, Mahinaz A. Youssef, Ibrahim Wahed, Manal Abdel Mabrouk, Mai S. Biomedical Engineering Department Misr University for Science and Technology Giza Egypt Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department Cairo University Giza Egypt Center for Informatics Science (CIS) School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Giza Egypt

Imaging genetics is one of the important keys to precision medicine that leads to personalized treatment based on a patient’s genetics, phenotype, or psychosocial characteristics. It deepens the understanding of the mechanisms through which genetic variations contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders. This systematic review overviews the methods and applications of imaging genetics in the context of neurological diseases, mentioning its potential role in personalized medicine. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically analyzes 28 studies integrating genetic and neuroimaging data to explore disease mechanisms and their implications for precision medicine. Selected research included multiple neurological disorders, including frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and others. Voxel-based morphometry was the most common imaging technique, while frequently examined genetic variants included APOE, C9orf72, MAPT, GRN, COMT, and BDNF. Associations between these variants and regional gray matter loss (e.g., frontal, temporal, or subcortical regions) suggest that genetic risk factors play a key role in disease pathophysiology. Integrating genetic and neuroimaging analyses enhances our understanding of disease mechanisms and supports advancements in precision medicine. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Imaging genetics Neurological diseases Precision medicine Radiogenomics Voxel-based morphometry

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Enhancing Performance of Machine Learning Models in Healthcare: An Analytical Framework for Assessing and Improving Data Quality 5th

Enhancing Performance of Machine Learning Models in Healthca...

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5th International Conference on Advances in Information Communication Technology and Computing, AICTC 2024

作者： Al-Hgaish, Areen Atan, Rodziah Yaakob, Razali Osman, Mohd Hafeez Department of Software Engineering and Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang44330 Malaysia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang44330 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819761050

The utilization of Data-Driven Machine Learning (DDML) models in the healthcare sector poses unique challenges due to the crucial nature of clinical decision-making and its impact on patient outcomes. A primary concern in this domain is the data quality that forms the basis for these models, which is essential for their effectiveness. While numerous studies are dedicated to leveraging Machine Learning (ML) to enhance patient care, a substantial gap exists in understanding and evaluating the quality of training data before training ML models. This issue is exacerbated by the lack of well-defined standards to ensure that data characteristics align with the specific goals of ML in healthcare. To address this, our study introduces a conceptual three-dimensional framework focusing on data accuracy, completeness, and consistency aimed at assessing and improving the quality of training data. This framework is designed to enhance the performance, predictability, and interpretability of healthcare-specific ML models and reduce biases, thus bridging current research gaps and laying the groundwork for future developments in ML-driven healthcare systems. This paper presents the initial step for our proposed Data Quality Framework (DQF), which addresses the three dimensions mentioned above. It discusses its potential implications and applications in healthcare data, and its main goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the proposed DQF, illustrating its significance in advancing healthcare data quality and ultimately improving patient outcomes. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Data accuracy

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YOLOv8n-CGW: A novel approach to multi-oriented vehicle detection in intelligent transportation systems

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第7期84卷 3809-3840页

作者： Berwo, Michael Abebe Fang, Yong Sarwar, Nadeem Mahmood, Jabar Aljohani, Mansourah Elhosseini, Mostafa School of Information and Engineering Chang’an University Shaanxi Xi’an710064 China Department of Computer Science Bahria University Lahore Campus Punjab Lahore54600 Pakistan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology University of Sialkot Punjab Sialkot51040 Pakistan College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Yanbu46421 Saudi Arabia Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt

In the context of Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS), the role of vehicle detection and classification is indispensable for streamlining transportation management, refining traffic control, and conducting in-depth accident analyses. However, the intricate task of accurately detecting multi-oriented vehicles in diverse scenarios remains a challenge, even with the advancements in ITS. Factors such as vehicle morphology, design, road conditions, structural details, and climatic variables provide a significant part in the detection. To address this, our study introduces an advanced YOLOv8n model, specifically the YOLOv8n-CGW, which is built upon pre-trained deep learning frameworks. This model is meticulously tailored to enhance the detection capabilities for multi-oriented vehicles. Comprehensive evaluations on esteemed datasets like MtV, MERGED, Custom dataset, DAWN, WEDGE, and UA-DETRAC underscore the superiority of our approach over existing models. Notably, our YOLOv8n-CGW model achieves a remarkable mAP of 83.3% and boasts a swift inference time of 0.0019s, setting a new benchmark in the domain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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A Customizable Virtual Assistant Enhanced with Vision and Speech Capabilities 12th

A Customizable Virtual Assistant Enhanced with Vision and Sp...

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12th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing, ICRTC 2024

作者： Christy Jeba Malar, A. Deva Priya, M. Naveen Kumaran, R. Sanjay Abhishek, J. Bhuvana, S. Karthick, S. Department of Information Technology Sri Krishna College of Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam College of Engineering Tamilnadu Coimbatore India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Uttar Pradesh Delhi–NCR Campus Ghaziabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819788354

Recent advancements in Smart Assistants (SAs) as well as home automation have captured the attention of both researchers and consumers. Virtual Assistants (VAs) that are speech-enabled are commonly referred to as smart speakers. They offer a wide range of network-based services. In some cases, they seamlessly link to smart environments, introducing innovative and efficient user interfaces. Nevertheless, these devices present their own set of challenges and limitations. The distinctive features of this technology, particularly its hand-free operation handled by voice and implementation of voice-user interface create a unique landscape. Existing technology adoption models, however, fall short in offering a comprehensive explanation for the adoption of this innovative technology. To gain deeper insights into the motivation behind approving and using in-home voice assistants, this work shifts its focus towards examining voice interactions. Utilization of speech recognition for converting speech into text enables constructing an attractive personalized assistant. This development facilitates seamless tasks such as sending emails without manual typing, conducting Google searches without opening the browser, and accomplishing various daily activities including playing music or launching a preferred IDE, all with a single voice command. To assess its performance, the system is seamlessly integrated with home automation (open-source) environment and operated continuously for some days. During this period, users are encouraged to interact with it, and the results demonstrate increased accuracy, reliability and appeal. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Speech recognition

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IoT-Supported Indoor Navigation System Using Machine Learning Technique 12th

IoT-Supported Indoor Navigation System Using Machine Learnin...

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12th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing, ICRTC 2024

作者： Christy Jeba Malar, A. Deva Priya, M. Bhuvana, S. Vidhya, K. Sudharsan, S. Suhita, S. Department of Information Technology Sri Krishna College of Technology Tamilnadu Coimbatore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karpagam College of Engineering Tamilnadu Coimbatore India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819788354

Indoor Navigation System (INS) supports seamless movement of objects within confined spaces in smart environments. In this paper, a novel INS that relies on ESP32-based Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) measurements for precise estimation of distance using K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) algorithm is proposed. The system architecture includes three ESP32 nodes functioning as clients, and ESP8266 combined with ESP32 acting as a server. To overcome the limitations of Global Positioning System (GPS) within an indoor environment, Machine Learning (ML)-based prediction models are employed to estimate distance between nodes and predict user locations along with the distance between source and destination. This approach not only addresses the challenges posed by GPS in indoor settings, but also shows the potential of ESP32 devices and predictive algorithms for enhancing navigation accuracy and reliability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Global positioning system

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A novel U-net model for brain tumor segmentation from MRI images

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 220-230页

作者： Obayya, Marwa Alshuhail, Asma Mahmood, Khalid Alanazi, Meshari H. Alqahtani, Mohammed Aljehane, Nojood O. Almansour, Hamad Al-Hagery, Mohammed Abdullah Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences & Information Technology King Faisal university Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Applied College at Mahayil King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia Department of Information System and Cyber Security College of Computing and Information Technology University of Bisha Bisha61922 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Technology University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia Applied Collage Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Qassim University Saudi Arabia

Segmentation of brain tumors aids in diagnosing the disease early, planning treatment, and monitoring its progression in medical image analysis. Automation is necessary to eliminate the time and variability associated with traditional segmentation methods. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and U-Net architectures have demonstrated their efficiency and effectiveness in segmenting brain tumors from MRI images using deep learning techniques. The paper presents an improved U-Net-based segmentation algorithm that integrates nested skip paths to improve encoder-decoder feature fusion. The performance of segmentation was optimized by utilizing a variety of activation functions and loss functions, including Dice Loss and Intersection over Union (IoU). A high level of accuracy was demonstrated in the proposed model when it was evaluated using the LGG Segmentation Dataset. The proposed approach for segmenting medical images has been shown to be both robust and efficient in a comparative analysis. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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