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ELCD-NSC2: a novel early lung cancer detection and non-small cell classification framework

Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第24期36卷 15149-15164页

作者： Helaly, Hadeer A. Badawy, Mahmoud El-Gendy, Eman M. Haikal, Amira Y. Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Damietta University Damietta Egypt Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Computer Science and Informatics Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia

The survival rate of lung cancer relies significantly on how far the disease has spread when it is detected, how it reacts to the treatment, the patient’s overall health, and other factors. Therefore, the earlier the lung cancer diagnosis, the higher the survival rate. For radiologists, recognizing malignant lung nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans is a challenging and time-consuming process. As a result, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been suggested to alleviate these burdens. Deep-learning approaches have demonstrated remarkable results in recent years, surpassing traditional methods in different fields. Researchers are currently experimenting with several deep-learning strategies to increase the effectiveness of CAD systems in lung cancer detection with CT. This work proposes a deep-learning framework for detecting and diagnosing lung cancer. The proposed framework used recent deep-learning techniques in all its layers. The autoencoder technique structure is tuned and used in the preprocessing stage to denoise and reconstruct the medical lung cancer dataset. Besides, it depends on the transfer learning pre-trained models to make multi-classification among different lung cancer cases such as benign, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The proposed model provides high performance while recognizing and differentiating between two types of datasets, including biopsy and CT scans. The Cancer Imaging Archive and Kaggle datasets are utilized to train and test the proposed model. The empirical results show that the proposed framework performs well according to various performance metrics. According to accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC metrics, it achieves 99.60, 99.61, 99.62, 99.70, and 99.75%, respectively. Also, it depicts 0.0028, 0.0026, and 0.0507 in mean absolute error, mean squared error, and root mean square error metrics. Furthermore, it helps physicians effectively diagnose lung cancer in its early stages and allows spe

关键词： Image classification

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Deepfake Video Detection Using Inception_Resnet_V2: A Convolutional Neural Network Approach 16

Deepfake Video Detection Using Inception_Resnet_V2: A Convol...

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16th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, CICN 2024

作者： Praveen Kumar, Mandala Kumari, V Valli Lakshmi Durga, K Swathi Andhra University College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering Visakhapatnam530003 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505264

Deepfake videos, generated by sophisticated AI algorithms, pose significant challenges to the authenticity and trustworthiness of multimedia content on the internet. In this study, we propose a deepfake video detection system utilizing the Inception_ResNet_v2 architecture, a deep convolutional neural network renowned for its effectiveness in image classification tasks. The system is trained and evaluated on the Deepfake Challenge Dataset sourced from Kaggle, comprising a diverse set of real and manipulated video clips. We preprocess the dataset, extracting frames from each video and augmenting them to enhance model generalization. The Inception_ResNet_v2 model is then fine-tuned using transfer learning, leveraging pre-trained weights from ImageNet to expedite convergence and improve performance. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in accurately distinguishing between genuine and deep-fake videos. The proposed system achieves promising results in detecting deep-fake videos, showcasing its potential utility in combating the proliferation of synthetic media and safeguarding the integrity of digital content. Our findings underscore the importance of leveraging advanced machine learning techniques for addressing the evolving challenges posed by deep-fake technology. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Toward actionable testing of deep learning models

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 300-302页

作者： Yingfei XIONG Yongqiang TIAN Yepang LIU Shing-Chi CHEUNG Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies(Peking University) Ministry of Education School of Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology

Deep learning has become an important computational paradigm in our daily lives with a wide range of applications,from authentication using facial recognition to autonomous driving in smart vehicles. The quality of the deep learning models, i.e., neural architectures with parameters trained over a dataset, is crucial to our daily living and economy.

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ClipArtGAN: An Application of Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network for Clip Art Generation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Elnabawy, Reham H. Abdennadher, Slim Hellwich, Olaf Eldawlatly, Seif Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Media Engineering and Technology German University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Computer Science Department Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science German International University New Administrative Capital Egypt Computer and Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University 1 El-sarayat st. Abbassia Cairo Egypt Computer Science and Engineering Department The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt School of Information Technology New Giza University Giza Egypt

An image can convey a thousand words. This statement emphasizes the importance of illustrating ideas visually rather than writing them down. Although detailed image representation is typically instructive, there are several contexts where simplification of image representations may be more informative. One way to provide an abstract representation of an object is via clip art, which is a simple graphic illustration of an object that can be included in documents or presentations. Clip art representation can be utilized in graphic design for concepts expression and daily life objects illustration. Furthermore, clip art had shown remarkable advantages when compared to real images in terms of editing and manipulation since clip art geometry can be easily edited in addition to the feasibility of storing it in a resolution-independent manner. However, it can be difficult to automatically create clip arts that resemble any object. Here, we propose a novel deep learning model, named ClipArtGAN, that utilizes Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to convert a photo of an object to its corresponding clip art. To our knowledge, this is the first GAN model based on Pix2Pix architecture that is capable of automatically generating clip art for any arbitrary object. Three training datasets were collected to train and compare two GAN models based on Pix2Pix and CycleGAN architectures. Our results demonstrate that the mean accuracy obtained using ClipArtGAN utilizing Pix2Pix outperforms that of CycleGAN by 58% and that of Google Images-based search by 54%. These results indicate the efficacy of ClipArtGAN in generating representative clip art images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Semi‑supervised contour‑driven broad learning system for autonomous segmentation of concealed prohibited baggage items

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2024年第1期7卷 1-18页

作者： Divya Velayudhan Abdelfatah Ahmed Taimur Hassan Muhammad Owais Neha Gour Mohammed Bennamoun Ernesto Damiani Naoufel Werghi Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Center for Cyber‑Physical SystemsKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical EngineeringAbu Dhabi UniversityAbu Dhabi 59911United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering the University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

With the exponential rise in global air traffic,ensuring swift passenger processing while countering potential security threats has become a paramount concern for aviation *** X-ray baggage monitoring is now standard,manual screening has several limitations,including the propensity for errors,and raises concerns about passenger *** address these drawbacks,researchers have leveraged recent advances in deep learning to design threatsegmentation ***,these models require extensive training data and labour-intensive dense pixelwise annotations and are finetuned separately for each dataset to account for inter-dataset ***,this study proposes a semi-supervised contour-driven broad learning system(BLS)for X-ray baggage security threat instance segmentation referred to as *** research methodology involved enhancing representation learning and achieving faster training capability to tackle severe occlusion and class imbalance using a single training routine with limited baggage *** proposed framework was trained with minimal supervision using resource-efficient image-level labels to localize illegal items in multi-vendor baggage *** specifically,the framework generated candidate region segments from the input X-ray scans based on local intensity transition cues,effectively identifying concealed prohibited items without entire baggage *** multi-convolutional BLS exploits the rich complementary features extracted from these region segments to predict object categories,including threat and benign *** contours corresponding to the region segments predicted as threats were then utilized to yield the segmentation *** proposed C-BLX system was thoroughly evaluated on three highly imbalanced public datasets and surpassed other competitive approaches in baggage-threat segmentation,yielding 90.04%,78.92%,and 59.44%in terms of mIoU on GDXray,SIXray,and Compass-XP,***,the lim

关键词： Baggage X-ray imagery Broad learning systems Threat detection Threat segmentation

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Methods for class-imbalanced learning with support vector machines: a review and an empirical evaluation

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Soft Computing 2024年第20期28卷 11873-11894页

作者： Rezvani, Salim Pourpanah, Farhad Lim, Chee Peng Wu, Q. M. Jonathan Department of Computer Science Ryerson University TorontoON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor WindsorON Canada Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation Deakin University GeelongVIC Australia

This paper presents a review on methods for class-imbalanced learning with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and its variants. We first explain the structure of SVM and its variants and discuss their inefficiency in learning with class-imbalanced data sets. We introduce a hierarchical categorization of SVM-based models with respect to class-imbalanced learning. Specifically, we categorize SVM-based models into re-sampling, algorithmic, and fusion methods, and discuss the principles of the representative models in each category. In addition, we conduct a series of empirical evaluations to compare the performances of various representative SVM-based models in each category using benchmark imbalanced data sets, ranging from low to high imbalanced ratios. Our findings reveal that while algorithmic methods are less time-consuming owing to no data pre-processing requirements, fusion methods, which combine both re-sampling and algorithmic approaches, generally perform the best, but with a higher computational load. A discussion on research gaps and future research directions is provided. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Heart Diseases Prediction with Sound Wave using Support Vector Machine 2

Heart Diseases Prediction with Sound Wave using Support Vect...

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2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications, AIMLA 2024

作者： Hariharasudhan, S. Komarasamy, Dinesh Aravindh, S. Darshan, S. Saranya, S. Mohana Iyapparaja, M. Kongu Engineering College Department of Computer Science & Engineering Perundurai India VIT School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Tamil Nadu Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349221

Heart illnesses are now an increasing occurrence, and regular human heart testing gets more and more significant. The Phonocardiogram (PCG), a useful diagnostic technique for examining heart sounds, offers insightful data regarding the clinical state of the heart. This research provides an algorithmic method employing PCG sound data to distinguish between abnormal and normal cardiac sounds. Both signal types undergo Cepstrum analysis, and the heart sounds' features are retrieved. Following that, a support vector machine classifier is trained and evaluated using these extracted features, with an accuracy of 95 percentage, generating a method for characterizing heart sound normal or abnormal for PCG signals. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Heart

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Interpretable Arabic Hate Speech Detection using Large Language Model 2

Interpretable Arabic Hate Speech Detection using Large Langu...

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2nd International Conference on Advanced Innovations in Smart Cities, ICAISC 2025

作者： Alwateer, Majed Gad, Ibrahim Elmarhomy, Mahmoud Elmarhomy, Ghada Hashim, Hasan Almaliki, Malik Atlam, El-Sayed College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Department of Computer Science Saudi Arabia Tanta University Faculty of Science Computer Science Department Tanta31527 Egypt College of Applied Taibah University Computer Science and Information Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Department of Information Systems Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506995

Social media platforms serve as significant spaces for users to have conversations, discussions and express their opinions. However, anonymity provided to users on these platforms allows the spread of hate speech and other offensive material. Due to the wide-ranging nature of these platforms, there is a critical need to automatically detect and report occurrences of hate speech. There are various detection methods, but many of them operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and explainability by design. To address the lack of interpretability, this study explores the development of an interpretable framework to detect hate speech in Arabic using large language models (LLMs). The proposed approach combines advanced natural language processing techniques with interpretable machine learning methods to enhance understanding of model decisions. The experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves high accuracy while maintaining interpretability, enabling users to understand the reasoning behind the detections. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 0.846%, with a precision of 0.843% and a recall of 0.846%, outperforming existing Arabic hate speech detection models. These results show the effectiveness of combining LLM with interpretability for this critical task, providing a reliable and transparent solution for automated moderation of harmful content. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Arabic Hate Speech Detection Large Language Mode XAI

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Harmony in transcripts: a systematic literature review of transcriptome-wide association studies

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Journal of engineering and Applied science 2024年第1期71卷 167页

作者： Mashhour, Mahinaz A. Kandil, Ahmed Hisham AbdElwahed, Manal Mabrouk, Mai S. Biomedical Engineering Department Misr University for Science and Technology Giza Egypt Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department Cairo University Giza Egypt School of Information Technology and Computer Science Nile University Sheikh Zayed City Egypt

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) goal is to better understand the etiology of diseases and develop preventative and therapeutic approaches by examining the connections between genetic variants and phenotypes while overcoming the limitations of the genome-wide association study (GWAS). It is a valuable complement to GWAS, reducing the negative effects of multiple tests and enabling a more thorough investigation of gene expression patterns in various tissues. A systematic review is presented in this paper to identify articles that utilize TWAS to understand the genetic factors behind complex diseases. A detailed selection process was carried out using standard PRISMA criteria to select relevant articles for the review. Twenty-five articles passed the inclusion criteria and were selected for additional review. The studies cover a diverse range of disorders, including Tourette’s syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and major depression. Leveraging gene expression data from different tissues and populations, these investigations successfully identified novel genes and pathways associated with the studied conditions. The collective findings highlight the transformative impact of integrative genomics in advancing our understanding of complex diseases, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets, and laying the foundation for precision medicine approaches. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Genome

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Android offloading computation over the cloud 1st

Android offloading computation over the cloud

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1st International Conference on Applications of AI in 5G and IOT, ICAAI5GI 2024

作者： Prakash, Vijay Dudeja, Deepak Chhabra, Gunjan Garg, Lalit Department of Computer Information Systems University of Malta Msida Malta Department of Computer Science and Engineering MMEC MMDU Haryana Mullana India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun India

ISBN: (纸本)9781032874036

This paper analyzes whether Android apps may outsource computational activities to cloud servers. Due to the complexity of mobile apps, shifting computing operations to the cloud has become popular to improve performance and reduce energy consumption. This paper explains how to deploy an Android app on Cloudflare and tests it under various settings. The testing showed that cloud computing can boost Android app efficiency. The findings show that shifting computing workloads to the cloud reduces mobile device CPU utilization. This frees up device resources, allowing it to perform other tasks. However, cloud processing has limitations. Network latency between the mobile device and the cloud server may affect application performance. In addition, the cost of offloading computation to the cloud can be a concern for some users, especially in high data consumption scenarios. Our findings can be helpful for developers who want to optimize the performance of their Android applications and for researchers who wish to investigate this topic further. Future research could explore ways to minimize the impact of network latency on offloading computation and investigate the cost-effectiveness of this technique for different types of applications. © 2025 the Author(s).

关键词： Cloud security

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