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Model-based framework for exploiting sensors of IoT devices using a botnet: a case study with android

Cyber-Physical Systems 2025年第1期11卷 1-46页

作者： Khaliq, Zubair Khan, Dawood Ashraf Baba, Asif Iqbal Ali, Shahbaz Farooq, Sheikh Umar Department of Computer Science University of Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar India AI Thndr Dubai United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Science Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL United States Data Engineering hyke.ai Dubai United Arab Emirates

Botnets have become a severe security threat not only to the Internet but also to the devices connected to it. Factors like the exponential growth of IoT, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ever-larger number of cybercriminals are incentivising the growth of botnets in this domain. The recent outbreak of botnets like Dark Nexus (derived from Qbot and Mirai), Mukashi, LeetHozer, Hoaxcalls, etc. shows the alarming rate at which this threat is converging. The botnets have attributes that make them an excellent platform for malicious activities in IoT devices used by organisations to safeguard the personal and confidential data of their customers, employees, and business partners. The IoT devices have built-in sensors or actuators that can be exploited to monitor or control the physical environment of the entities connected to them, thereby violating the fundamental concept of privacy-by-design of these devices. In this paper, we design and describe a modular botnet framework for IoT. The framework uses an enhanced centralised architecture associated with a novel ‘Domain Fluxing Technique’. The proposed framework will provide insights into how privacy in IoT devices can be incorporated at design time to check the sensors and actuators in these devices against malicious exploitation, consequently preserving privacy. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Internet of things

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Deep Learning-Based Holistic Speaker Independent Visual Speech Recognition

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第6期4卷 1705-1713页

作者： Nemani, Praneeth Krishna, Ghanta Sai Ramisetty, Nikhil Sai, B Digvijay Sri Kumar, Santosh IIIT Naya Raipur Department of Computer Science and Engineering Raipur493661 India IIIT Naya Raipur Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Raipur493661 India

From a broader perspective, the objective of visual speech recognition (VSR) is to comprehend the speech spoken by an individual using visual deformations. However, some of the significant limitations of existing solutions include the dearth of training data, improper end-to-end deployed solutions, lack of holistic feature representation, and less accuracy. To resolve these limitations, this study proposes a novel, scalable, and robust VSR system that uses the videotape of the user to determine the word which is being spoken. In this regard, a customized 3-D convolutional neural network (3-D CNN) architecture is proposed by extracting the spatio-temporal features and eventually mapping the prediction probabilities of the elements in the corpus. We have created a customized dataset resembling the metadata contained in the MIRACL-VC1 dataset to validate the concept of person-independence. While being robust to a broad spectrum of lighting conditions across multiple devices, our model achieves a training accuracy of 80.2% and a testing accuracy of 77.9% in predicting the word spoken by the user. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Deep learning-based method for detection of copy-move forgery in videos

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第14期37卷 8451-8464页

作者： Elbarougy, Reda Abdelfatah, Osama Behery, G.M. El-Badry, Noha M. Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Ha’il Ha’il81481 Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Damietta University New Damietta Kafr Saad Egypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Damietta University New Damietta Kafr Saad Egypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Damietta University New Damietta Kafr Saad Egypt

Video forgery is one of the most serious problems affecting the credibility and reliability of video content. Therefore, detecting video forgery presents a major challenge for researchers due to the diversity of forgery types, the modernity of the programs used in forgery operations, and the abundance of information and content present in videos. The seriousness of this issue arises from the widespread use of videos in vital fields that require very high accuracy with no room for doubt or error, such as courtrooms, journalism, and others. Copy-move forgery is one of the most common and dangerous types of video forgery because of the difficulty in identifying it with the naked eye and the great diversity of forgery techniques involved in this particular type. One of the biggest challenges researchers have faced in the past is the complexity of the steps required to detect forgery in videos, leading to significant computational complexity and time consumption. The proposed method also aims to achieve better results than previous methods while reducing computational operations. Ultimately, forgery is detected with great efficiency. Compared to previous methods used for detecting copy-move forgery in the Rewind dataset, the proposed method achieves the highest F1, reaching 0.86, with a significant difference of 0.13 compared to the best result of the previous methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Deep learning

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Predicting Soil Types and Crop Suitability through Comprehensive Soil Analysis

Predicting Soil Types and Crop Suitability through Comprehen...

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2024 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Internet of Things, IC3IoT 2024

作者： Sivakumar, S. Dharani, U. Hephzibah, Dineep Srm Institute Of Science And Technology Department Of Computer Science And Engineering Tiruchirapalli India Srm Institute Of Science And Technology Dept. Of Comp. Sci. And Engineering Specialization In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Tiruchirapalli India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352689

The analysis of soil nutrients and water levels holds utmost significance in the realms of agriculture. Determining the soil type and identifying the crop suitable for that specific soil are critical factors in optimizing agricultural yield. These considerations play a pivotal role in precision agriculture, ensuring that the chosen crops align with the soil's characteristics. This strategic alignment enhances the efficiency of cultivation practices, promotes sustainable agricultural methods, and ultimately contributes to increased crop yields. In this research paper, we systematically identify key soil properties, including NPK concentrations, temperature, humidity, and soil pH. The collected dataset, encompassing these crucial soil attributes, is utilized to train machine learning models. The primary goal is to forecast the soil type utilizing the gathered data, and subsequently, undertake further analyses, to ascertain the relevant crop types that are most suitable for the identified soil characteristics. This comprehensive approach involves the integration of data-driven insights and machine learning techniques to enhance our understanding of soil composition and facilitate informed decision-making in agriculture. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Soil testing

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Optimizing Supply Chain Operations in the Electronics Industry Using Machine Learning and Integer Linear Programming 3rd

Optimizing Supply Chain Operations in the Electronics Indust...

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3rd International Conference on Advanced Computing and Intelligent Technologies, ICACIT 2023

作者： Padhi, Spandan Marken, Gagandeep Data Science Department of Mathematics Chandigarh University Gharuan India Department of Computer Science Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819719600

Efficient operations, within the supply chain are vital for the electronics industry. In this study, we focus on optimizing the supply chain network of a hypothetical company ABC Electronics, an entity crafted for the purposes of this research paper. The company faces challenges related to production, inventory management, and transportation logistics. To address these challenges we employ machine learning (ML) and integer linear programming (ILP) techniques. Our primary objectives include enhancing demand predictions through ML, optimizing production schedules and inventory using ILP, and devising strategies for transportation logistics. Our research makes a contribution toward reducing costs and improving efficiency at ABC Electronics enabling them to stay competitive in the electronics market. Furthermore, our findings have implications, for industry standards, sustainability practices, and customer satisfaction. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Machine learning

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Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization of U-net Parameters for Marine Aquaculture Image Segmentation 13

Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization of U-net Parameters for...

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13th International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing, ICICIP 2025

作者： Zhao, Jin Wang, Jun Han, Min Fan, Jianchao School of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges University Chongqing China Department of Computer Science Department of Data Science City University of HongKong Hong Kong School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516147

Marine aquaculture image segmentation plays a crucial role in managing aquatic resources and environmental protection. Traditional deep learning models rely on manual parameter tuning for image segmentation, which limits their efficiency and accuracy. This paper proposes an adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the parameters of the U-net model automatically. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the PSO parameters based on the population’s entropy and clustering metrics and employs a hill-climbing algorithm to address the issue of the PSO easily falling into local optima, enhancing the algorithm’s adaptability. The proposed algorithm updates and iterates particles to automatically find suitable model parameters. The remote sensing data used in this experiment were from the Yellow Sea aquaculture area near Dalian, China, with a segmentation accuracy of 91.8%. This method improves segmentation accuracy, reduces the burden of manual parameter tuning, and provides an effective solution for optimizing deep learning models. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Aquaculture

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Unveiling Consumer Segmentation: Harnessing K-means Clustering Using Elbow and Silhouette for Precise Targeting 3rd

Unveiling Consumer Segmentation: Harnessing K-means Clusteri...

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3rd International Conference on Computing and Communication Networks, ICCCN 2023

作者： Saraswat, Shweta Agrohi, Vaibhav Kumar, Mahesh Lamba, Monica Kaur, Raminder Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Department Arya College of Engineering Rajasthan Jaipur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department Arya College of Engineering Rajasthan Jaipur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department Graphics Era Deemed to Be University Dehradun India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department JECRC University Jaipur India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819708918

Consumer segmentation is essential for accurate targeting and successful marketing efforts in today’s competitive business environment. Modern marketing groups individuals by interests and attributes. Segmentation drives targeting, personalization, and ROI. This article segments customers using K-means clustering. The Elbow approach and Silhouette score determine the appropriate number of clusters and increase segmentation accuracy. They also examine the possibility of precision targeting and customized marketing techniques across sectors. Businesses may optimize marketing, improve customer happiness, and increase profits by using K-means clustering. To compete in today’s market, this research helps marketers enhance targeting. Elbow and Silhouette K-means clustering may enhance client segmentation, engagement, loyalty, and economic success. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： K-means clustering

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Market resilience in turbulent times: a proactive approach to predicting stock market responses during geopolitical tensions

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Journal of Capital Markets Studies 2024年第2期8卷 173-194页

作者： Maddodi, Srivatsa Kunte, Srinivasa Rao Department of Computer Science Srinivas University Mangaluru India Department of Data Engineering United Airlines Inc Bengaluru India

Purpose: The Indian stock market can be tricky when there's trouble in the world, like wars or big conflicts. It's like trying to read a secret message. We want to figure out what makes investors nervous or happy, because their feelings often affect how they buy and sell stocks. We're building a tool to make prediction that uses both numbers and people's opinions. Design/methodology/approach: Hybrid approach leverages Twitter sentiment, market data, volatility index (VIX) and momentum indicators like moving average convergence divergence (MACD) and relative strength index (RSI) to deliver accurate market insights for informed investment decisions during uncertainty. Findings: Our study reveals that geopolitical tensions' impact on stock markets is fleeting and confined to the short term. Capitalizing on this insight, we built a ground-breaking predictive model with an impressive 98.47% accuracy in forecasting stock market values during such events. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this model's originality lies in its focus on short-term impact, novel data fusion and high accuracy. Focus on short-term impact: Our model uniquely identifies and quantifies the fleeting effects of geopolitical tensions on market behavior, a previously under-researched area. Novel data fusion: Combining sentiment analysis with established market indicators like VIX and momentum offers a comprehensive and dynamic approach to predicting market movements during volatile periods. Advanced predictive accuracy: Achieving the prediction accuracy (98.47%) sets this model apart from existing solutions, making it a valuable tool for informed decision-making. © 2024, Srivatsa Maddodi and Srinivasa Rao Kunte.

关键词： Geopolitical tension LSTM Momentum indicator Sentiment analysis Stock market prediction

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LimitAccess: on-device TinyML based robust speech recognition and age classification

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2023年第1期3卷 8页

作者： Maayah, Marina Abunada, Ahlam Al-Janahi, Khawla Ahmed, Muhammad Ejaz Qadir, Junaid Department of Computer Science and Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar CSIRO’s Data61 Sydney Australia

Automakers from Honda to Lamborghini are incorporating voice interaction technology into their vehicles to improve the user experience and offer value-added services. Speech recognition systems are a key component of smart cars, enhancing convenience and safety for drivers and passengers. In the future, safety-critical features may rely on speech recognition, but this raises concerns about children accessing such services. To address this issue, the LimitAccess system is proposed, which uses TinyML for age classification and helps parents limit children’s access to critical speech recognition services. This study employs a lite convolutional neural network (CNN) model for two different reasons: First, CNN showed superior accuracy compared to other audio classification models for age classification problems. Second, the lite model will be integrated into a microcontroller to meet its limited resource requirements. To train and evaluate our model, we created a dataset that included child and adult voices of the keyword "open". The system approach categorizes voices into age groups (child, adult) and then utilizes that categorization to grant access to a car. The robustness of the model was enhanced by adding a new class (recordings) to the dataset, which enabled our system to detect replay and synthetic voice attacks. If an adult voice is detected, access to start the car will be granted. However, if a child’s voice or a recording is detected, the system will display a warning message that educates the child about the dangers and consequences of the improper use of a car. Arduino Nano 33 BLE sensing was our embedded device of choice for integrating our trained, optimized model. Our system achieved an overall F1 score of 87.7% and 85.89% accuracy. LimitAccess detected replay and synthetic voice attacks with an 88% F1 score. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： Speech recognition

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A Framework for Video Based Sign Language Interpretation Using Machine Learning and Statistical Methods 4

A Framework for Video Based Sign Language Interpretation Usi...

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4th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning, ICSADL 2025

作者： Swathi, D. Susmetha, K. Sreeji, S. Mangairkarasi, S. B.E Computer Science and Engineering with Data Science Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Semmancheri TamilNadu Chennai600119 India Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Semmancheri Department of Computer Science and Engineering TamilNadu Chennai6001109 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523923

The Sign Language Recognition System has been designed to capture video input, process it to detect hand gestures, and translate these gestures into readable text. The project consists of several key components and steps: Video Processing: Using OpenCV, the system captures frames from the video input. MediaPipe processes these frames to detect and track hand landmarks in real time. OpenCV capabilities allow for efficient frame extraction and basic image processing tasks such as resizing and normalization. Hand Detection and Tracking: MediaPipe pre-trained models identify and track hand movements within the video frames. The accurate detection and tracking of the hand movements are critical for the subsequent recognition of the sign language gestures. Sign Language Recognition: The core system is the deep learning model, trained using the TensorFlow and Keras on a dataset of sign language gestures. The model learns to classify the detected hand movements into corresponding sign language characters or words. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are typically used for task due to their effectiveness in image recognition tasks. Text Display: Once the system recognizes the signs, it converts them into text and displays the output. This can be done through a console output or a graphical user interface (GUI) built with Tkinter. The GUI provides a user friendly experience, allowing users to see the translated text in real-time. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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