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Facial Expression Recognition Using Multi-Block Deep CNN

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Facial Expression Recognition Using Multi-Block Deep CNN

International Conference on Circuits, Communication, Control and Computing

作者： Priyadarshini V Srinivasulu Reddy U Venkata Rami Reddy Chirra Mrudula M Suneetha M Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh India Dept. of Computer Applications Machine Learning & Data Analytics lab National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India School of Computer Science & Engineering VIT-AP University Amaravathi India Department of CSE Malla Reddy College of Engineering Telangana India Independent Researcher Amaravati India

ISBN: (数字)9798331528539

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528546

Emotions play a crucial role in decision-making, moral judgments, and other cognitive processes. The goal of this work is to identify people's facial emotions from face images. Facial expression recognition (FER), a highly diverse field with many commonalities between classes, is a challenging problem. The capabilities of current FER systems are limited in this regard. In this work, a multi-block Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) model was proposed to identify facial expressions. Five blocks with different computational components were defined in a multi-block DCNN to extract the unique characteristics from input images. The second model (DCNN-SVM) is developed with an ensemble of SVM classifier to improve predictability and stability. The third model (DCNN-MV) is based on the majority voting with 4 classifiers SVM, KNN, Random Forest, and Decision Tree. The CK+ dataset was utilized and expanded via image data augmentation to enhance model performance and generalization. By adjusting hyperparameters, the suggested DCNN model's accuracy was investigated. The DCNN model reports an accuracy score of 97.71%. Both DCNN-SVM and DCNN-MV models achieved 97.79% accuracy. On the CK+ dataset, the proposed models demonstrated good accuracy in identifying facial expressions. When compared to existing models, the proposed model outperformed existing models in terms of accuracy.

关键词： Support vector machines Accuracy Computational modeling Face recognition Stability analysis Circuit stability Convolutional neural networks Integrated circuit modeling Thermal stability Random forests

In-Depth Sleep Disorder Assessment using REMcraft Navigator IoT and Random Forest Algorithms

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In-Depth Sleep Disorder Assessment using REMcraft Navigator ...

computer, Communication and Control (IC4), International Conference on

作者： More Praveen V. Prasanna Srinivasan V G Sivakumar P. Vijayan R Tharun R. Thamizhamuthu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology Hyderabad Telangana India Department of Information Technology R.M.D. Engineering College Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Saveetha Engineering College Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Civil Engineering Mother Theresa Institute of Engineering and Technology Palamaner Andhra Pradesh India Department of Computing Technologies SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai Tamil Nadu India

To accurately diagnose and treat sleep problems, which are major challenges to public health, more sophisticated evaluation methods are needed. Using Rapid Eye Movement (REM) craft Navigator’s Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities in conjunction with Random Forest algorithms, this research presents a novel method for comprehensive assessments of sleep disorders. The REMcraft Navigator IoT system incorporates a wide range of physiological and environmental factors into its comprehensive real-time data collection on sleep patterns. The research uses Random Forest algorithms’ ability to handle complicated, multi-dimensional datasets by using them to examine the gathered data. In detecting and categorizing sleep problems, the algorithm model outperforms the conventional diagnosis techniques. The comprehensive evaluation is provided by taking contextual elements like the surrounding surroundings and the sleep environment. The suggested method has promising use as a powerful tool for sleep problem diagnosis, and results from a large-scale clinical investigation confirm its efficacy. The system can improve assessment accuracy and personalized treatment plans. This paper provides a high-tech and realistic solution for doctors dealing with sleep disorders, which helps move the field forward in its diagnostic capabilities. The suggested system is an excellent option for home-based monitoring and extensive use in sleep clinics due to its scalability and flexibility, improving the treatment of sleep-related health problems in the long term.

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Tensor-based Channel Estimation for Extremely Large-Scale MIMO-OFDM with Dynamic Metasurface Antennas

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Zhang, Ruoyu Chen, Guangyi Cheng, Lei Guan, Xinrong Wu, Qingqing W., Wu R., Zhang Ministry of Education School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China College of Communications Engineering Army Engineering University of Pla Nanjing210007 China Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of H ong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong518172 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission can provide unprecedented improvement in spectral efficiency and data rate. Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) have been proposed as a cost-effective and power-efficient solution for realizing XL-MIMO systems. However, the extremely large number of antennas in XL-MIMO-OFDM with DMAs poses critical challenges in acquiring accurate channel state information. To address this issue, we propose in this paper a tensor-based channel estimation method for frequency-selective XL-MIMO-OFDM systems with DMAs. We first characterize the configurable property of DMAs and propose a microstrip-sequential channel training method with quasi-dynamically adjustable metamaterial elements, by representing the received frequency-domain training signals as a fourth-order tensor which admits the canonical polyadic decomposition. Then, by exploiting the sparsity of XL-MIMO channels, we propose a two-stage tensor decomposition-based channel estimation algorithm, where the four coupling factor matrices are obtained without the need of iterative refinement, and the channel multipath parameters can be extracted for reconstructing the entire high-dimensional channel matrix. In addition, we analyze the uniqueness condition for the proposed tensor-based channel estimation method, which reveals that the required channel training overhead is only proportional to the number of channel multipaths, instead of that of metamaterial elements and microstrips. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed design with significantly reduced training overhead as compared to various benchmark schemes. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

FRSM: A Novel Fault-Tolerant Approach for Redundant-Path-Enabled Service Migration in Mobile Edge Computing 1

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29th International Conference on Web Services, ICWS 2022 Held as Part of the Services Conference Federation, SCF 2022

作者： Zhao, Jiale Dai, Mengxuan Xia, Yunni Ma, Yong He, Meibin Peng, Kai Li, Jianqi Li, Fan Fu, Xiaodong School of Computer Chongqing University Chongqing400030 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang330022 China Department of Big Data and AI of Jiangxi Telecom Nanchang330029 China Engineering College Huaqiao University Quanzhou362021 China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing102209 China Key Laboratory of Fundamental Synthetic Vision Graphics and Image Science for National Defense Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Data Science Research Center Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650031 China

ISBN: (数字)9783031235795

ISBN: (纸本)9783031235788

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) provides users with low-latency, highly responsive services by deploying Edge Servers (ESs) near applications. MEC allows any edge-hosted application or service to be migrated between different edge resource providers without being locked into a single provider. Nevertheless, due to its complexity and dynamics, the real edge computing environment is prone to errors and failures, reducing the reliability of edge service migration. This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant method for redundant path service migration. The method utilizes sliding-window-based model and identifies a set of service migration paths, enabling the evaluation of the time-varying failure rate of ESs. The method combines resubmission and replication mechanisms and decides the edge service migration scheme by selecting multiple redundant migration paths. We also conduct extensive simulations and show that our proposed method outperforms traditional solutions in several metrics. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

Deep Graph Anomaly Detection: A Survey and New Perspectives

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Qiao, Hezhe Tong, Hanghang An, Bo King, Irwin Aggarwal, Charu Pang, Guansong School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong IBM T. J. Watson Research Center United States

Graph anomaly detection (GAD), which aims to identify unusual graph instances (e.g., nodes, edges, subgraphs, or graphs), has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its significance in a wide range of applications. Deep learning approaches, graph neural networks (GNNs) in particular, have been emerging as a promising paradigm for GAD, owing to its strong capability in capturing complex structure and/or node attributes in graph data. Considering the large number of methods proposed for GNN-based GAD, it is of paramount importance to summarize the methodologies and findings in the existing GAD studies, so that we can pinpoint effective model designs for tackling open GAD problems. To this end, in this work we aim to present a comprehensive review of deep learning approaches for GAD. Existing GAD surveys are focused on task-specific discussions, making it difficult to understand the technical insights of existing methods and their limitations in addressing some unique challenges in GAD. To fill this gap, we first discuss the problem complexities and their resulting challenges in GAD, and then provide a systematic review of current deep GAD methods from three novel perspectives of methodology, including GNN backbone design, proxy task design for GAD, and graph anomaly measures. To deepen the discussions, we further propose a taxonomy of 13 fine-grained method categories under these three perspectives to provide more in-depth insights into the model designs and their capabilities. To facilitate the experiments and validation of the GAD methods, we also summarize a collection of widely-used datasets for GAD and empirical performance comparison on these datasets. We further discuss multiple important open research problems in GAD to inspire more future high-quality research in this area. A continuously updated repository for GAD datasets, links to the codes of GAD algorithms, and empirical comparison is available at https://***/mala-lab/Awesome-Deep-G

关键词： Contrastive Learning

Multi-objective Aerial Collaborative Secure Communication Optimization via Generative Diffusion Model-enabled Deep Reinforcement Learning

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Chuang Sun, Geng Li, Jiahui Wu, Qingqing Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Liu, Yuanwei The College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China The Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University Changchun130012 China The College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore The Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore The School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom

Due to flexibility and low-cost, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly crucial for enhancing coverage and functionality of wireless networks. However, incorporating UAVs into next-generation wireless communication systems poses significant challenges, particularly in sustaining high-rate and long-range secure communications against eavesdropping attacks. In this work, we consider a UAV swarm-enabled secure surveillance network system, where a UAV swarm forms a virtual antenna array to transmit sensitive surveillance data to a remote base station (RBS) via collaborative beamforming (CB) so as to resist mobile eavesdroppers. Specifically, we formulate an aerial secure communication and energy efficiency multi-objective optimization problem (ASCEE-MOP) to maximize the secrecy rate of the system and to minimize the flight energy consumption of the UAV swarm. To address the non-convex, NP-hard and dynamic ASCEE-MOP, we propose a generative diffusion model-enabled twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (GDMTD3) method. Specifically, GDMTD3 leverages an innovative application of diffusion models to determine optimal excitation current weights and position decisions of UAVs. The diffusion models can better capture the complex dynamics and the trade-off of the ASCEE-MOP, thereby yielding promising solutions. Simulation results highlight the superior performance of the proposed approach compared with traditional deployment strategies and some other deep reinforcement learning (DRL) benchmarks. Moreover, performance analysis under various parameter settings of GDMTD3 and different numbers of UAVs verifies the robustness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

Towards Adversarially Robust dataset Distillation by Curvature Regularization

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xue, Eric Li, Yijiang Liu, Haoyang Wang, Peiran Shen, Yifan Wang, Haohan Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego United States School of Information Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States Siebel School of Computing and Data Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States

dataset distillation (DD) allows datasets to be distilled to fractions of their original size while preserving the rich distributional information, so that models trained on the distilled datasets can achieve a comparable accuracy while saving significant computational loads. Recent research in this area has been focusing on improving the accuracy of models trained on distilled datasets. In this paper, we aim to explore a new perspective of DD. We study how to embed adversarial robustness in distilled datasets, so that models trained on these datasets maintain the high accuracy and meanwhile acquire better adversarial robustness. We propose a new method that achieves this goal by incorporating curvature regularization into the distillation process with much less computational overhead than standard adversarial training. Extensive empirical experiments suggest that our method not only outperforms standard adversarial training on both accuracy and robustness with less computation overhead but is also capable of generating robust distilled datasets that can withstand various adversarial attacks. Our implementation is available at: https://***/yumozi/GUARD. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

Using Causal Inference to Explore Government Policy Impact on computer Usage

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhu, Mingjia Wang, Lechuan Sebot, Julien Arbab, Bijan Salimi, Babak Cloninger, Alexander University of California Computer Science and Engineering San Diego United States University of California Department of Mathematics San Diego United States Intel Corporation United States University of California Halicioğlu Data Science Institute San Diego United States

We explore the causal relationship between COVID-19 lockdown policies and changes in personal computer usage. In particular, we examine how lockdown policies affected average daily computer usage, as well as how it affected usage patterns of different groups of users. This is done through a merging of the Oxford Policy public data set, which describes the timeline of implementation of COVID policies across the world, and a collection of Intel’s data Collection & Analytics (DCA) telemetry data, which includes millions of computer usage records and updates daily. Through difference-indifference, synthetic control, and change-point detection algorithms, we identify causal links between the increase in intensity (watts) and time (hours) of computer usage and the implementation of work from home policy. We also show an interesting trend in the individual’s computer usage affected by the policy. We also conclude that computer usage behaviors are much less predictable during reduction in COVID lockdown policies than during increases in COVID lockdown policies. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Personal computers

Enhancing Transfer Learning for Medical Image Classification with SMOTE: A Comparative Study

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Alam, Md. Zehan Roy, Tonmoy Kawsar, H.M. Nahid Rimi, Iffat Department of Mathematics University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Data Analytics and Information Systems Utah State University LoganUT United States Department of Applied Mathematics Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh

This paper explores and enhances the application of Transfer Learning (TL) for multilabel image classification in medical imaging, focusing on brain tumor class and diabetic retinopathy stage detection. The effectiveness of TL—using pre-trained models on the ImageNet dataset—varies due to domain-specific challenges. We evaluate five pre-trained models—MobileNet, Xception, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and DenseNet201—on two datasets: Brain Tumor MRI and APTOS 2019. Our results show that TL models excel in brain tumor classification, achieving near-optimal metrics. However, performance in diabetic retinopathy detection is hindered by class imbalance. To mitigate this, we integrate the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) with TL and traditional machine learning(ML) methods, which improves accuracy by 1.97%, recall (sensitivity) by 5.43%, and specificity by 0.72%. These findings underscore the need for combining TL with resampling techniques and ML methods to address data imbalance and enhance classification performance, offering a pathway to more accurate and reliable medical image analysis and improved patient outcomes with minimal extra computation powers. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks