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Modeling Task Engagement to Regulate Reinforcement Learning-based Decoding for Online Brain Control

IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2024年第3期17卷 606-614页

作者： Zhang, Xiang Shen, Xiang Wang, Yiwen Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) offer significant promise for enabling paralyzed individuals to control external devices using their brain signals. One challenge is that during the online Brain Control (BC) process, subjects may not be completely immersed in the task, particularly when multiple steps are needed to achieve a goal. The decoder indiscriminately takes the less engaged trials as training data, which might decrease the decoding accuracy. In this paper, we propose an alternative kernel RL-based decoder that trains online with continuous parameter update. We model neural activity from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a reward-related brain region, to represent task engagement. This information is incorporated into a stochastic learning rate using an exponential model, which measures the relevancy of neural data. The proposed algorithm was evaluated in the experiment where rats performed a cursor-reaching BC task. We found the neural activities from mPFC contained the engagement information which was negatively correlated with trial response time. Moreover, compared to the RL method without task engagement modeling, our proposed method enhanced the training efficiency. It used half of the training data to achieve the same reconstruction accuracy of the cursor trajectory. The results demonstrate the potential of our RL framework for improving online brain control tasks. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Air quality and dust level monitoring systems in hospitals using IoT

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-18页

作者： Parkavi, A. Sowmya, B.J. Alex, Sini Anna Supreeth, S. Shruthi, G. Rohith, S. Chatterjee, Sudipta Lingaraj, K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru560054 India School of Computer Science and Engineering REVA University Bengaluru560064 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology Bengaluru562164 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Brainware University Barasat West Bengal Kolkata700125 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rao Bahadur Y. Mahabaleswarappa Engineering College Bellary583104 India

This system provides a comprehensive overview of hospital environments by tracking air quality, dust, temperature, and humidity simultaneously, offering a more complete picture of indoor conditions than systems that focus on fewer parameters. The use of IoT technology enables real-time monitoring and alerts, allowing hospital staff to respond immediately to any issues. Additionally, predictive analytics anticipate future changes, giving staff time to take preventive measures. The integration with a mobile app and cloud-based data storage ensures easy access to data, convenient monitoring, and the ability to scale the system across multiple hospital facilities, catering specifically to the unique needs of different healthcare environments. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Indoor air pollution

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Fake Face Detection Based on Fusion of Spatial Texture and High-Frequency Noise

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第1期34卷 212-221页

作者： Dengyong Zhang Feifan Qi Jiahao Chen Jiaxin Chen Rongrong Gong Yuehong Tian Lebing Zhang Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Processing of Big Data on Transportation School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha Social Work College Changkuangao Beijing Technology Co. Ltd. School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Huaihua University

The rapid development of the Internet has led to the widespread dissemination of manipulated facial images, significantly impacting people's daily lives. With the continuous advancement of Deepfake technology, the generated counterfeit facial images have become increasingly challenging to distinguish. There is an urgent need for a more robust and convincing detection method. Current detection methods mainly operate in the spatial domain and transform the spatial domain into other domains for analysis. With the emergence of transformers, some researchers have also combined traditional convolutional networks with transformers for detection. This paper explores the artifacts left by Deepfakes in various domains and, based on this exploration, proposes a detection method that utilizes the steganalysis rich model to extract high-frequency noise to complement spatial features. We have designed two main modules to fully leverage the interaction between these two aspects based on traditional convolutional neural networks. The first is the multi-scale mixed feature attention module, which introduces artifacts from high-frequency noise into spatial textures, thereby enhancing the model's learning of spatial texture features. The second is the multi-scale channel attention module, which reduces the impact of background noise by weighting the features. Our proposed method was experimentally evaluated on mainstream datasets, and a significant amount of experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting Deepfake forged faces, outperforming the majority of existing methods.

关键词： Deepfakes Adaptation models Attention mechanisms Noise Transforms Transformers Feature extraction Internet Convolutional neural networks Faces

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Exploring Invertible Encoding for Deep Video Compression

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IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 2025年第2期71卷 517-528页

作者： Guo, Haifeng Kwong, Sam Zhou, Mingliang City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Hong Kong Lingnan University School of Data Science Hong Kong Hong Kong Chongqing University School of Computer Science Chongqing400044 China

Deep video compression methods typically use autoencoder-style networks for encoding and decoding, which can result in the loss of information during encoding that cannot be retrieved during decoding. To address this issue, recent work has explored the use of invertible neural networks for enhanced invertible encoding, which has successfully mitigated spatial information loss for better image compression. In this paper, we propose a new approach that extends invertible encoding to temporal information and introduces an encoding-decoding network for deep video compression. Our network incorporates a novel attentive channel squeeze module to improve compression performance while also leveraging a conditional coding framework for motion compression. The entire framework is optimized via a single loss function that balances bit cost and frame quality. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, which achieves 15.45%/57.92% bit savings in terms of PSNR/MS-SSIM compared with the high-efficiency video coding low-delay P configuration. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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Efficient Image Captioning Based on Vision Transformer Models

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1483-1500页

作者： Samar Elbedwehy T.Medhat Taher Hamza Mohammed F.Alrahmawy Department of Data Science Faculty of Artificial IntelligenceKafrelsheikh UniversityEgypt Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityEgypt Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information ScienceMansouraEgypt

Image captioning is an emerging field in machine *** refers to the ability to automatically generate a syntactically and semantically meaningful sentence that describes the content of an *** captioning requires a complex machine learning process as it involves two sub models:a vision sub-model for extracting object features and a language sub-model that use the extracted features to generate meaningful ***-based vision transformers models have a great impact in vision field *** this paper,we studied the effect of using the vision transformers on the image captioning process by evaluating the use of four different vision transformer models for the vision sub-models of the image captioning The first vision transformers used is DINO(self-distillation with no labels).The second is PVT(Pyramid Vision Transformer)which is a vision transformer that is not using convolutional *** third is XCIT(cross-Covariance Image Transformer)which changes the operation in self-attention by focusing on feature dimension instead of token *** last one is SWIN(Shifted windows),it is a vision transformer which,unlike the other transformers,uses shifted-window in splitting the *** a deeper evaluation,the four mentioned vision transformers have been tested with their different versions and different configuration,we evaluate the use of DINO model with five different backbones,PVT with two versions:PVT_v1and PVT_v2,one model of XCIT,SWIN *** results show the high effectiveness of using SWIN-transformer within the proposed image captioning model with regard to the other models.

关键词： Image captioning sequence-to-sequence self-distillation transformer convolutional layer

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Deploying Hybrid Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques for Effective Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)Attack Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 707-748页

作者： Noor Ullah Bacha Songfeng Lu Attiq Ur Rehman Muhammad Idrees Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Tahani Jaser Alahmadi School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430073China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain12555Abu Dhabi Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia

Cross-Site Scripting(XSS)remains a significant threat to web application security,exploiting vulnerabilities to hijack user sessions and steal sensitive *** detection methods often fail to keep pace with the evolving sophistication of cyber *** paper introduces a novel hybrid ensemble learning framework that leverages a combination of advanced machine learning algorithms—Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machines(SVM),eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),Categorical Boosting(CatBoost),and Deep Neural Networks(DNN).Utilizing the XSS-Attacks-2021 dataset,which comprises 460 instances across various real-world trafficrelated scenarios,this framework significantly enhances XSS attack *** approach,which includes rigorous feature engineering and model tuning,not only optimizes accuracy but also effectively minimizes false positives(FP)(0.13%)and false negatives(FN)(0.19%).This comprehensive methodology has been rigorously validated,achieving an unprecedented accuracy of 99.87%.The proposed system is scalable and efficient,capable of adapting to the increasing number of web applications and user demands without a decline in *** demonstrates exceptional real-time capabilities,with the ability to detect XSS attacks dynamically,maintaining high accuracy and low latency even under significant ***,despite the computational complexity introduced by the hybrid ensemble approach,strategic use of parallel processing and algorithm tuning ensures that the system remains scalable and performs robustly in real-time *** for easy integration with existing web security systems,our framework supports adaptable Application Programming Interfaces(APIs)and a modular design,facilitating seamless augmentation of current *** innovation represents a significant advancement in cybersecurity,offering a scalable and effective solution for securing modern web applications against evolving threats.

关键词： Cross-site scripting machine learning XSS detection stacking ensemble learning hybrid learning

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Deep Learning for Predictive Modeling of Cardiovascular Disease: Optimizing Neural Networks 8th

Deep Learning for Predictive Modeling of Cardiovascular Dise...

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8th International Conference on Information System Design and Intelligent Applications, ISDIA 2024

作者： Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Amin, Sherif Tawfik Eishah, Hassan Abu Hamdan, Alfadil Ahmed Metwally, Abdelnasser Abdelwakil Limkar, Suresh Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Computer Science Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Computer Science Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science AISSMS Institute of Information Technology Maharashtra Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819765805

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a prominent contributor to illness and death on a global scale, underscoring the need for precise predictive models to facilitate timely intervention. The present study investigates the utilization of deep learning methodologies, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM), in the context of predictive modeling of cardiovascular diseases. This study examines the efficacy of three well-known optimization techniques, namely Adam Optimization, RMSprop, and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), within the framework of these neural network architectures. Among the various models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has been identified as the optimizer that produces the most favorable outcomes for predicting CVD. The utilization of this optimization technique demonstrated exceptional efficacy in the training of the deep neural network, resulting in superior levels of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. On the other hand, it was observed that LSTM-based models exhibited the greatest improvement when utilizing RMSprop optimization. The utilization of RMSprop has been found to have a positive impact on the effectiveness of sequence modeling, resulting in enhanced predictive capabilities for assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The efficacy of this technique was demonstrated in its ability to capture temporal dependencies within the dataset, consequently enhancing the predictive capability of the model. The results of this study emphasize the importance of carefully choosing neural network architectures and optimization techniques when constructing predictive models for cardiovascular disease. Customizing the selection of neural network architecture and optimization algorithm according to the unique attributes of the dataset can substantially augment the precision and dependability of CVD risk evaluations. This, in turn, can ultimately lead t

关键词： Risk assessment

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Supply Chain Management Using Internet of Things and Blockchain for Smart Meat Packaging 5

Supply Chain Management Using Internet of Things and Blockch...

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5th International Conference on data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics, ICDICI 2024

作者： Kour, Kanwal Preet Singh, S. Kanwal Deep Bali, Malvinder Singh Ghantasala, G. S. Pradeep Rajesh Sharma, R. Ananthanagu, U. Manipal University School of Computer Science and Engineering Jaipur India Federation University Department of Computer Science Australia Manipal University Department of Data Science and Engineering Rajasthan Jaipur India Alliance College of Engineering and Design Alliance University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389609

In recent times, blockchain has evolved the security of traditional supply chain systems. Different issues of supply chain management like flexibility and reliability can be easily addressed using blockchain. Meat Packing Industry involves the complete process of processing, packaging and supplying the meat and its products throughout the world for human consumption. The animals used for the meat supply chain include pigs, sheep, cattle etc. Due to the enormous increase in the number of meat-eaters worldwide, its packing and timely supply are of utmost importance. The meat packing industry has revolutionized a lot by using the latest supply chain methods based on new technologies like blockchain. These include adulteration, long-term delays leading to spoilage of the product, mixing of other similar products which are lower in price etc. All these issues can be easily handled by using blockchain and IoT for meat supply chain management. Using these technologies, the challenges ranging from timely transportation of good quality meat to the best quality meat delivered to the customer can be easily addressed. In this paper, an effective blockchain and IoT-based model has been proposed which will counter the above challenges and improve the reliability and security factor. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Supply chain management

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Novel methodology for apple leaf disease classification with PCNN-IELM

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4895-4913页

作者： Navpreet Roul, Rajendra Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala147004 India

Agriculture is crucial to the global economy, particularly in ensuring food security. Recent trends indicate that various plant diseases are causing substantial financial losses in the agricultural sector worldwide. Traditional manual inspection methods for detecting fruit and plant diseases are labor-intensive and inefficient. Adopting automated disease detection technologies could significantly enhance early diagnosis and reduce the economic impact of these diseases on agriculture. This study introduces an advanced model for classifying apple diseases by integrating a pre-trained convolutional neural network (PCNN), such as VGG16, VGG19, or ResNet50, with an incremental extreme learning machine (I-ELM) for efficient feature extraction and classification. A key innovation of this model is replacing the PCNN’s fully connected layer with the I-ELM, which eliminates the lengthy back-propagation process and significantly reduces training time. Integrating I-ELM with PCNN harnesses the rapid learning capabilities and robust generalization of I-ELM with the superior feature extraction abilities of CNNs. I-ELM simplifies the network architecture by avoiding the complex neural networks commonly used in other methods. The model’s effectiveness is rigorously evaluated on the well-known Plant Village dataset, demonstrating its ability to identify various apple diseases through performance metrics such as precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the F1-score. Comparing existing deep learning models using these metrics highlights its superior performance. This innovation is up-and-coming for intelligent agricultural systems, offering an effective solution for classifying apple diseases and enabling timely and innovative farming practices. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fruits

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Autism spectrum disorder based on squeezenet with fractional tasmanian rat swarm optimization

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第41期83卷 89029-89054页

作者： Muppidi, Satish Anuradha, G. Valarmathi, K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering GMR Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Rajam India Computer Science and Engineering Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College Vijayawada Kanuru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Bangalore Trunk Road Chennai Pooñamallee600123 India

A complicated neuro-developmental disorder called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is abnormal activities related to brain development. ASD generally affects the physical impression of the face as well as the growth of the brain in children. An early and proper medical diagnosis is essential for ASD affected children to enhance their quality of life. However, the clinical detection of ASD is a difficult task and time-consuming, hence it is essential to design an ASD detection approach for precise diagnosis of ASD children. In this research, an algorithmic approach called Fractional Tasmanian Rat Swarm Optimization driven SqueezeNet (FTRSO-SqueezeNet) is designed for the detection of ASD. The median filter and Region of Interest (RoI) extraction are used to de-noise the input image initially and extract a particular region from the filtered image. Later, the nub regions are extracted by choosing the optimal grid from the pre-processed image and using different feature extractors the features from the input images are determined. Finally, the detection of ASD is done by using SqueezeNet, which is trained using the FTRSO approach. The performance of the method is estimated, where the designed model achieved higher performance with an accuracy of 94.55%, sensitivity of 92.53%, and specificity of 95.22% than other prevailing approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Rats

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