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Lecture Notes in computer science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2014年 8892卷

作者： Jedlitschka, Andreas Kuvaja, Pasi Kuhrmann, Marco Männistö, Tomi Münch, JüRgen Raatikainen, Mikko Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Fraunhofer-Platz 1 Kaiserslautern Germany University of Oulu Department of Information Processing Science Oulu Finland University of Southern Denmark The Maersk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute Campusvej 55 Odense Denmark University of Helsinki Department of Computer Science Helsinki Finland Aalto University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Aalto Finland

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software architecture documentation for developers: A survey

Software architecture documentation for developers: A survey

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7th European Conference on software Architecture, ECSA 2013

作者： Rost, Dominik Naab, Matthias Lima, Crescencio Von Flach Garcia Chavez, Christina Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Kaiserslautern Germany Fraunhofer Project Center on Software and Systems Engineering Department of Computer Science Federal University of Bahia Bahia Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783642390302

software architecture has become an established discipline in industry. Nevertheless, the available documentation of architecture is often not perceived as adequate by developers. As a foundation for the improvement of methods and tools around architecture documentation, we conducted a survey with 147 industrial participants, investigating their current problems and wishes for the future. Participants from different countries in Europe, Asia, North and South America shared their experiences. This paper presents the results of the survey. The results confirmed the common belief that architecture documentation is most frequently outdated and inconsistent and backed it up with data. Further, developers perceive difficulties with a "one-size-fits-all" architecture documentation, which does not adequately provide information for their specific task and context. Developers seek for more interactive ways of working with architecture documentation that allow finding needed information more easily with extended navigation and search possibilities. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Surveys

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Variations on the evidence-based timeline retrospective method: A comparison of two cases

Variations on the evidence-based timeline retrospective meth...

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39th Euromicro Conference Series on software engineering and Advanced Applications, SEAA 2013

作者： Bjarnason, Elizabeth Hess, Anne Doerr, Joerg Regnell, Bjorn Department of Computer Science Lund University Lund Sweden Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769550916

Project retrospectives can be a powerful tool for process improvement through obtaining new insights. However pure experience-based reflections may lead to incorrect conclusions. Our method, evidence-based timeline retrospectives (EBTR), mitigates this risk by providing a pre-generated timeline that visualises project history based on evidence rather than relying on subjective opinions and biased memories. Through a comparative study of two cases, a set of variation points has been evaluated. The variation points enable configuring the EBTR method to different contexts and retrospective goals. The results indicate that by selecting certain variations the EBTR method can be configured to support either wide assessments (e.g. the overall impact of a new process) or assessments of a specific process area. For example, through using open or semi-structured discussions, or by varying the applied timeline technique. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Process engineering

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Using Amazon's mechanical turk for user studies: Eight things you need to know

Using Amazon's mechanical turk for user studies: Eight thing...

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2013 ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical software engineering and Measurement, ESEM 2013

作者： Layman, Lucas Sigurdsson, Gunnar Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park MD United States School of Computer Science Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479911448

Amazon's Mechanical Turk is a crowd sourcing technology that enables requesters to create tasks to be completed by human agents in exchange for compensation. Researchers in computer science have successfully used this service to quickly reach large numbers of subjects for a relatively low cost. However, the Mechanical Turk's model and policies introduce several experimental limitations and threats that must be controlled. In this short paper, we describe limitations imposed using Amazon's Mechanical Turk during an experiment on cyber-attack investigation techniques. While the experiment was successful, we were forced to change our experimental design and had to recover from some costly mistakes. The goal of this short paper is to identify these limitations and pitfalls and provide eight considerations for experimental design so that other researchers can maximize the benefits of using the Mechanical Turk as a research platform. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Statistics

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Variations on the Evidence-Based Timeline Retrospective Method: A Comparison of Two Cases

Variations on the Evidence-Based Timeline Retrospective Meth...

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Euromicro Conference on software engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)

作者： Elizabeth Bjarnason Anne Hess Joerg Doerr Björn Regnell Department of Computer Science Lund University Lund Sweden Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Kaiserslautern Germany

关键词： Companies Planning software Visualization software engineering Reflection History

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A case study on effectively identifying technical debt 13

A case study on effectively identifying technical debt

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17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in software engineering, EASE 2013

作者： Zazworka, Nico Spínola, Rodrigo O. Vetro, Antonio Shull, Forrest Seaman, Carolyn Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park United States Graduate Program in Systems and Computer UNIFACS Salvador Brazil Dept. of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Department of Information Systems UMBC Baltimore United States Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Frankfurt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318488

Context: The technical debt (TD) concept describes a tradeoff between short-term and long-term goals in software development. While it is highly useful as a metaphor, it has utility beyond the facilitation of discussion, to inspire a useful set of methods and tools that support the identification, measurement, monitoring, management, and payment of TD. Objective: This study focuses on the identification of TD. We evaluate human elicitation of TD and compare it to automated identification. Method: We asked a development team to identify TD items in artifacts from a software project on which they were working. We provided the participants with a TD template and a short questionnaire. In addition, we also collected the output of three tools to automatically identify TD and compared it to the results of human elicitation. Results: There is little overlap between the TD reported by different developers, so aggregation, rather than consensus, is an appropriate way to combine TD reported by multiple developers. The tools used are especially useful for identifying defect debt but cannot help in identifying many other types of debt, so involving humans in the identification process is necessary. Conclusion: We have conducted a case study that focuses on the practical identification of TD, one area that could be facilitated by tools and techniques. It contributes to the TD landscape, which depicts an understanding of relationships between different types of debt and how they are best discovered. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： software design

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An analysis of unit tests of a flight software product line

An analysis of unit tests of a flight software product line

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作者： Ganesan, Dharmalingam Lindvall, Mikael McComas, David Bartholomew, Maureen Slegel, Steve Medina, Barbara Krikhaar, Rene Verhoef, Chris Montgomery, Lisa P. Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park MD 20740 United States Greenbeltm MD 20771 United States VU University Amsterdam Department of Computer Science 1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands NASA Independent Verification and Validation Facility 100 University Drive Fairmont WV 26554 United States

This paper presents an analysis of the unit testing approach developed and used by the Core Flight software System (CFS) product line team at the NASA Goddard Space Flight center (GSFC). The goal of the analysis is to understand, review, and recommend strategies for improving the CFS' existing unit testing infrastructure as well as to capture lessons learned and best practices that can be used by other software product line (SPL) teams for their unit testing. The results of the analysis show that the core and application modules of the CFS are unit tested in isolation using a stub framework developed by the CFS team. The application developers can unit test their code without waiting for the core modules to be completed, and vice versa. The analysis found that this unit testing approach incorporates many practical and useful solutions such as allowing for unit testing without requiring hardware and special OS features in-the-loop by defining stub implementations of dependent modules. These solutions are worth considering when deciding how to design the testing architecture for a SPL. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： NASA

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Human genome meeting 2016 : Houston, TX, USA. 28 February - 2 March 2016

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Human genomics 2016年第1期10 Suppl 1卷 12页

作者： A. K. Srivastava Y. Wang R. Huang C. Skinner T. Thompson L. Pollard T. Wood F. Luo R. Stevenson R. Polimanti J. Gelernter X. Lin I. Y. Lim Y. Wu A. L. Teh L. Chen I. M. Aris S. E. Soh M. T. Tint J. L. MacIsaac F. Yap K. Kwek S. M. Saw M. S. Kobor M. J. Meaney K. M. Godfrey Y. S. Chong J. D. Holbrook Y. S. Lee P. D. Gluckman N. Karnani A. Kapoor D. Lee A. Chakravarti C. Maercker F. Graf M. Boutros G. Stamoulis F. Santoni P. Makrythanasis A. Letourneau M. Guipponi N. Panousis M. Garieri P. Ribaux E. Falconnet C. Borel S. E. Antonarakis S. Kumar J. Curran J. Blangero S. Chatterjee J. Akiyama D. Auer C. Berrios L. Pennacchio T. R. Donti G. Cappuccio M. Miller P. Atwal A. Kennedy A. Cardon C. Bacino L. Emrick J. Hertecant F. Baumer B. Porter M. Bainbridge P. Bonnen B. Graham R. Sutton Q. Sun S. Elsea Z. Hu P. Wang Y. Zhu J. Zhao M. Xiong David A. Bennett A. Hidalgo-Miranda S. Romero-Cordoba S. Rodriguez-Cuevas R. Rebollar-Vega E. Tagliabue M. Iorio E. D’Ippolito S. Baroni B. Kaczkowski Y. Tanaka H. Kawaji A. Sandelin R. Andersson M. Itoh T. Lassmann Y. Hayashizaki P. Carninci A. R. R. Forrest C. A. Semple E. A. Rosenthal B. Shirts L. Amendola C. Gallego M. Horike-Pyne A. Burt P. Robertson P. Beyers C. Nefcy D. Veenstra F. Hisama R. Bennett M. Dorschner D. Nickerson J. Smith K. Patterson D. Crosslin R. Nassir N. Zubair T. Harrison U. Peters G. Jarvik F. Menghi K. Inaki X. Woo P. Kumar K. Grzeda A. Malhotra H. Kim D. Ucar P. Shreckengast K. Karuturi J. Keck J. Chuang E. T. Liu B. Ji A. Tyler G. Ananda G. Carter H. Nikbakht M. Montagne M. Zeinieh A. Harutyunyan M. Mcconechy N. Jabado P. Lavigne J. Majewski J. B. Goldstein M. Overman G. Varadhachary R. Shroff R. Wolff M. Javle A. Futreal D. Fogelman L. Bravo W. Fajardo H. Gomez C. Castaneda C. Rolfo J. A. Pinto K. C. Akdemir L. Chin S. Patterson C. Statz S. Mockus S. N. Nikolaev X. I. Bonilla L. Parmentier B. King F. Bezrukov G. Kaya V. Zoete V. Seplyarskiy H. Sharpe T. McKee K. Popadin N. Basset-Seguin R. Ben Chaabene M. Andrianova C. Verdan K. Grosdemange O. Sumara M. E JCSRI Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood USA School of Computing Clemson University Clemson USA Biochemical Genetics Laboratory Greenwood Genetic Center Greenwood USA Department Psychiatry Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center West Haven USA Department Genetics Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center West Haven USA Department Neurobiology Yale Sch Med and VA CT Healthcare Center West Haven USA Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences Singapore Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore Singapore University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Esslingen University of Applied Sciences Esslingen Germany German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Department of Genetic Medicine and Development University of Geneva Medical School Geneva Switzerland Geneva University Hospitals-HUG Service of Genetic Medicine Geneva Switzerland GE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva University of Geneva Medical School Geneva Switzerland South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute School of Medicine University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley Edinburg USA South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute School of Medicine University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley Brownsville USA Institute of Genetic Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Genomics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley USA Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston USA Department of Translational Medical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy Metabolon Inc Durham USA Section of Pediatric Neurology and Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine Houston USA Tawam Hospital Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Stanford Medical School Stanford USA Sch

O1 The metabolomics approach to autism: identification of biomarkers for early detection of autism spectrum disorder A. K. Srivastava, Y. Wang, R. Huang, C. Skinner, T. Thompson, L. Pollard, T. Wood, F. Luo, R. Stevenson O2 Phenome-wide association study for smoking- and drinking-associated genes in 26,394 American women with African, Asian, European, and Hispanic descents R. Polimanti, J. Gelernter O3 Effects of prenatal environment, genotype and DNA methylation on birth weight and subsequent postnatal outcomes: findings from GUSTO, an Asian birth cohort X. Lin, I. Y. Lim, Y. Wu, A. L. Teh, L. Chen, I. M. Aris, S. E. Soh, M. T. Tint, J. L. MacIsaac, F. Yap, K. Kwek, S. M. Saw, M. S. Kobor, M. J. Meaney, K. M. Godfrey, Y. S. Chong, J. D. Holbrook, Y. S. Lee, P. D. Gluckman, N. Karnani, GUSTO study group O4 High-throughput identification of specific qt interval modulating enhancers at the SCN5A locus A. Kapoor, D. Lee, A. Chakravarti O5 Identification of extracellular matrix components inducing cancer cell migration in the supernatant of cultivated mesenchymal stem cells C. Maercker, F. Graf, M. Boutros O6 Single cell allele specific expression (ASE) IN T21 and common trisomies: a novel approach to understand DOWN syndrome and other aneuploidies G. Stamoulis, F. Santoni, P. Makrythanasis, A. Letourneau, M. Guipponi, N. Panousis, M. Garieri, P. Ribaux, E. Falconnet, C. Borel, S. E. Antonarakis O7 Role of microRNA in LCL to IPSC reprogramming S. Kumar, J. Curran, J. Blangero O8 Multiple enhancer variants disrupt gene regulatory network in Hirschsprung disease S. Chatterjee, A. Kapoor, J. Akiyama, D. Auer, C. Berrios, L. Pennacchio, A. Chakravarti O9 Metabolomic profiling for the diagnosis of neurometabolic disorders T. R. Donti, G. Cappuccio, M. Miller, P. Atwal, A. Kennedy, A. Cardon, C. Bacino, L. Emrick, J. Hertecant, F. Baumer, B. Porter, M. Bainbridge, P. Bonnen, B. Graham, R. Sutton, Q. Sun, S. Elsea O10 A novel causal methylation network approach to Alzheimer’s

关键词： Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Deep Neural Network Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing

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Constructing Safety Assurance Cases for Medical Devices

Constructing Safety Assurance Cases for Medical Devices

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International Workshop on Assurance Cases for software-Intensive Systems

作者： Arnab Ray Rance Cleaveland Fraunhofer Center For Experimental Software Engineering College Park MD USA Department of Computer Science University Of Maryland at College Park College Park MD USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363259

This paper lays out a approach for safety assurance case argumentation. The approach links together in a principled manner a device's highest-level safety claims, operating environments and hazards;and its safety requirements, final implementation, and test and other validation results. This approach is intended for the creation of safety assurance cases for pre-market submissions to a regulatory authority like the Food and Drug Administration.

关键词： Assurance Cases Safety Cases Regulatory science

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Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light on technical debt opinion

Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light o...

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2013 4th International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt, MTD 2013

作者： Spínola, Rodrigo O. Vetrò, Antonio Zazworka, Nico Seaman, Carolyn Shull, Forrest Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Universidade Salvador UNIFACS Salvador BA Brazil Dept. of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Frankfurt Germany Department of Information Systems UMBC Baltimore MD United States Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364430

We identified and organized a number of statements about technical debt (TD Folklore list) expressed by practitioners in online websites, blogs and published papers. We chose 14 statements and we evaluated them through two surveys (37 practitioners answered the questionnaires), ranking them by agreement and consensus. The statements most agreed with show that TD is an important factor in software project management and not simply another term for 'bad code'. This study will help the research community in identifying folklore that can be translated into research questions to be investigated, thus targeting attempts to provide a scientific basis for TD management. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Surveys

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