This study investigated influences on human spatial orientation and representation resulting from manipulations in the geometric field of view (GFOV) of a perspective display. Also examined was the impact of incorpora...
This study investigated influences on human spatial orientation and representation resulting from manipulations in the geometric field of view (GFOV) of a perspective display. Also examined was the impact of incorporating symbolic virtual environment enhancements in the interface based on visual momentum (VM) techniques. Sixty participants, pretested for spatial ability, were required to navigate through a virtual office building while performing a variety of spatial orientation tasks. A 3 × 2 × 2 mixed-subjects design compared three levels of GFOV, two levels of VM, and two levels of Difficulty. The findings indicate that decreases in GFOV produce spatial orientation and representation errors, and as task difficulty increases, errors are more pronounced. Furthermore, VM was shown to alleviate errors in spatial orientation and representation, especially when task difficulty was increased. Design recommendations are discussed based on the implications of the results.
Behavior-based systems, i.e. systems that use behaviors as a way of decomposing the control policy needed for accomplishing a task, are very useful in making robots cope with the dynamics of real-world environments. H...
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Behavior-based systems, i.e. systems that use behaviors as a way of decomposing the control policy needed for accomplishing a task, are very useful in making robots cope with the dynamics of real-world environments. However, these systems still need to be extended to design robots having multiple and possibly conflicting goals, requiring planning, and getting more out of their behaviors. One way of doing that is to allow behaviors to be selected dynamically and to blend their actions in order to get more complex behaviors. This paper addresses these issues by presenting a control architecture that, when using fuzzy logic, allows behaviors to be efficiently selected by different sources. A simulated world for mobile robots is used to illustrate these ideas.
Embodiment and subjectivity are important research issues for collaborative virtual environments. The authors claim that the direction and distance of an embodiment are the most important indicators of the relation be...
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Embodiment and subjectivity are important research issues for collaborative virtual environments. The authors claim that the direction and distance of an embodiment are the most important indicators of the relation between a user and surrounding objects or other users. In an objective view of a virtual environment embodiment motion is unambiguous since all users will see all other users and all artifacts in the same positions. However there are many reasons to present different views of the same basic data set to different users. If objects end up in different positions in different views, one cannot retain a common coordinate system for the embodiments, since directions and distances are distorted. They present an implementation of artifact-centred coordinate mappings by which the positions of the artifacts that the user is interacting with govern how that user is represented to other users of the system.
Formulating queries on networked information systems is laden with problems: data diversity, data complexity, network growth, varied user base, and slow network access. This paper proposes a new approach to a network ...
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Formulating queries on networked information systems is laden with problems: data diversity, data complexity, network growth, varied user base, and slow network access. This paper proposes a new approach to a network query user interface which consists of two phases: query preview and query refinement. This new approach is based on dynamic queries and tight coupling, guiding users to rapidly and dynamically eliminate undesired items, reduce the data volume to a manageable size, and refine queries locally before submission over a network. A two-phase dynamic query system for NASA's Earth Observing Systems - Data Information Systems (EOSDIS) is presented. The prototype was well received by the team of scientists who evaluated the interface.
The focus of this study is to evaluate the image contrast, denoted /spl Delta/BAI, for various packaging materials, and defect types and their sizes. This study applied the pulse-echo Backscattered Amplitude Integral ...
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The focus of this study is to evaluate the image contrast, denoted /spl Delta/BAI, for various packaging materials, and defect types and their sizes. This study applied the pulse-echo Backscattered Amplitude Integral (BAI) method to visualize and evaluate defects in the seal area of flexible food packages which might cause both economic loss and health hazards. This method yields an image, the BAI-mode image. It has been shown that there is a direct relation between the defect size and /spl Delta/BAI value, and that different defect types and packaging materials have a significant impact on the /spl Delta/BAI value.
The objectives of human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There a...
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The objectives of human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.
Most windowing systems follow the independent overlapping windows approach, which emerged as an answer to the needs of the 80s' applications and technology. Advances in computers, display technology, and the appli...
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As research into intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) passes the 25 year mark, it leaves behind a history full of technical accomplishments, yet unfulfilled expectations. Researchers have demonstrated that it is possibl...
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