This paper describes a novel method for the visualization of hierarchically structured information. The Tree-Map visualization technique makes 100% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a...
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The study explored touchscreen keyboards using high precision touchscreen strategies. Phase one evaluated three possible monitor positions: 30°, 45°, and 75° from horizontal. Results indicate that the 7...
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Hypertext systems are being used in many applications because of their flexible structure and the great browsing freedom they give to diverse communities of users. However, this same freedom and flexibility is the cau...
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An experiment was performed to examine predictions from Clark's contribution theory of discourse. Pairs were asked to use a text-based synchronous messaging system to solve a problem involving the layout of a bank...
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A method for visualizing hierarchically structured information is described. The tree-map visualization technique makes 100% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a rectangular region in ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780818622458
A method for visualizing hierarchically structured information is described. The tree-map visualization technique makes 100% use of the available display space, mapping the full hierarchy onto a rectangular region in a space-filling manner. This efficient use of space allows very large hierarchies to be displayed in their entirety and facilitates the presentation of semantic information. Tree-maps can depict both the structure and content of the hierarchy. However, the approach is best suited to hierarchies in which the content of the leaf nodes and the structure of the hierarchy are of primary importance, and the content information associated with internal nodes is largely derived from their children.< >
'Augmentative communication' is a term used generally to refer to the use of speech synthesizers for spoken communication by people who cannot speak with their own voices. There are a number of conditions whic...
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'Augmentative communication' is a term used generally to refer to the use of speech synthesizers for spoken communication by people who cannot speak with their own voices. There are a number of conditions which can cause such loss of speech. Most of them are the result of physical damage to the voice-production mechanisms. Note that a distinction usually has to be drawn between impared speech and impaired language skills. Someone with a mental disability which affects their language ability will probably never be able to communicate, via speech (natural or synthetic) nor through other modes, such as sign language. So users of augmentative communication generally have physical disabilities rather than metal ones. However, physical disability is rarely specific. It is very common for an impairment which affects the speech apparatus to also affect other parts of the body-a fact which will be expanded on below. The author presents a very brief introduction to this use of synthetic speech. More details can be found in Edwards (1991), along with information regarding its use by blind computer users.< >
Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) are being developed to facilitate safety and efficiency for roadway users. To avoid congestion and improve route guidance, information has to be presented to the driver in a ...
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Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) are being developed to facilitate safety and efficiency for roadway users. To avoid congestion and improve route guidance, information has to be presented to the driver in a timely and digestible format. Currently, there are few methods by which an increase in such information load can be presented safely and effectively. The present experiments examine headup displays as one method of presenting this navigational information. A vital facet of information presentation is synthesis and management, such that displays do not overload drivers and create safety hazards in and of themselves. To evaluate displays in a controlled environment, the present experiments were conducted in a fixed-base simulation facility. The first experiment evaluated the differences in driver response to alpha-numeric versus iconic headup displays. The second experiment compared ego-centered against fixed-based map representations of geographical information. Results indicate the superiority of iconic headup displays and ego-centered maps.
An IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System) navigation system obtains information from road sensors, city maps and event schedules, and generates information for drivers. We address two aspects of navigation in IVHS:...
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An IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System) navigation system obtains information from road sensors, city maps and event schedules, and generates information for drivers. We address two aspects of navigation in IVHS: finding a path and evaluating a given path. Finding a path between a starting point and the destination is based on heuristic search procedures. Evaluation of a given path is modeled as a path query. We use a new access method, called MoBiLe File[18], for efficient map storage and access. We propose a hierarchical path planning algorithm which is capable of finding optimal paths while avoiding obstacles. We contribute obstacle avoidance heuristics for faster computation of paths between two points.
Database query is becoming a common task in public access systems; touchscreens can provide an appealing interface for such a system. This paper explores three interfaces for constructing queries on alphabetic field v...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897913485
Database query is becoming a common task in public access systems; touchscreens can provide an appealing interface for such a system. This paper explores three interfaces for constructing queries on alphabetic field values with a touchscreen interface; including a QWERTY keyboard, an Alphabetic keyboard, and a Reduced Input Data Entry (RIDE) interface. The RIDE interface allows field values to be entered with fewer “keystrokes” (touches) than either keyboard while eliminating certain errors. In one test database, the RIDE interface required 69% fewer keystrokes than either keyboard interface.
We can make a difference in shaping the future by ensuring that computers "serve human needs (Mumford, 1934)." By making explicit the enduring values that we hold dear we can guide computer system designers ...
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