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Facilitating Black Students’ Career Development in the Mathematical sciences: A Closer Look at Two HBCUs

PRIMUS 2025年第2期35卷 135-151页

作者： Jett, Christopher C. Jones Williams, Morgin College of Education & Human Development Georgia State University United States Department of Computer Science and Mathematics University of South Carolina Beaufort United States

The mathematics major and subsequent workforce can be difficult for Black scholars to navigate given the racial challenges that abound in the field. Despite these challenges, historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have a stellar track record of supporting Black mathematics majors and facilitating their entry in math-intensive fields. This article explores 2 distinct qualitative studies─(1) a study with 16 Black men informed by Black masculinity theory and (2) a study with 6 Black women informed by Black feminist theory─with participants who earned mathematics degrees at 2 traditionally single-gender HBCUs. In both studies, participants felt supported as they recognized that these 2 HBCUs exerted efforts to facilitate their career development in the mathematical sciences. Drawing upon the findings and lessons learned from these studies, this article provides implications for facilitating Black students’ career development in the mathematical sciences via undergraduate mathematics programs. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Black feminist theory Black masculinity theory career development HBCU undergraduate mathematics education

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Granularity is crucial when applying differential privacy to text: An investigation for neural machine translation

Granularity is crucial when applying differential privacy to...

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2024 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, EMNLP 2024

作者： Vu, Doan Nam Long Igamberdiev, Timour Habernal, Ivan Trustworthy Human Language Technologies Germany Department of Computer Science Technical University of Darmstadt Germany Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security of the University Alliance Ruhr Faculty of Computer Science Ruhr University Bochum Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Applying differential privacy (DP) by means of the DP-SGD algorithm to protect individual data points during training is becoming increasingly popular in NLP. However, the choice of granularity at which DP is applied is often neglected. For example, neural machine translation (NMT) typically operates on the sentence-level granularity. From the perspective of DP, this setup assumes that each sentence belongs to a single person and any two sentences in the training dataset are independent. This assumption is however violated in many real-world NMT datasets, e.g., those including dialogues. For proper application of DP we thus must shift from sentences to entire documents. In this paper, we investigate NMT at both the sentence and document levels, analyzing the privacy/utility trade-off for both scenarios, and evaluating the risks of not using the appropriate privacy granularity in terms of leaking personally identifiable information (PII). Our findings indicate that the document-level NMT system is more resistant to membership inference attacks, emphasizing the significance of using the appropriate granularity when working with DP. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Who wants to grow old in Welfare Sweden? 9

Who wants to grow old in Welfare Sweden?

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9th European Conference on Social Media, ECSM 2022

作者： Maric, Jasmina Interaction Design Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781713855682

The research presented in this paper focuses on social media usage, specifically Facebook, in times of the Covid-19 crisis when some Swedish citizens lost trust in their official institutions. Once Sweden decided not to comply with WHO recommendations, the great majority of the Swedish population rallied around the flag in support of that move. For those who questioned this approach not much support was available, so they turned to social media. We ran a survey of 371 Facebook users gathered around the "Dr Whistleblower oxygen for all" group. Combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, in this study we analyse the role of social media in situations when people lose trust in public institutions and are left out. The most interesting and surprising result of this study is the discovery of fear for Dr Whistleblower's future, and fear for participants' own lives. We argue that in times of grave crisis, when we need reliable information the most, we turn to social media not only due to its immediacy but also due to its ability to connect us with a much wider circle of people than our close circle of friends can do. Then, more than ever, we look for trustworthy information, we express our fears and look for help online, thus seriously disrupting the traditional news landscape. © The Authors, (2022). All Rights Reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission may be made without written permission from the individual authors.

关键词： Cell proliferation

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Practical and Rich User Digitization

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ahuja, Karan Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States

A long-standing vision in computer science has been to evolve computing devices into proactive assistants that enhance our productivity, health and wellness, and many other facets of our lives. User digitization is crucial in achieving this vision as it allows computers to intimately understand their users, capturing activity, pose, routine, and behavior. Today's consumer devices - like smartphones and smartwatches - provide a glimpse of this potential, offering coarse digital representations of users with metrics such as step count, heart rate, and a handful of human activities like running and biking. Even these very low-dimensional representations are already bringing value to millions of people's lives, but there is significant potential for improvement. On the other end, professional, high-fidelity comprehensive user digitization systems exist. For example, motion capture suits and multi-camera rigs that digitize our full body and appearance, and scanning machines such as MRI capture our detailed anatomy. However, these carry significant user practicality burdens, such as financial, privacy, ergonomic, aesthetic, and instrumentation considerations, that preclude consumer use. In general, the higher the fidelity of capture, the lower the user's practicality. Most conventional approaches strike a balance between user practicality and digitization fidelity. My research aims to break this trend, developing sensing systems that increase user digitization fidelity to create new and powerful computing experiences while retaining or even improving user practicality and accessibility, allowing such technologies to have a societal impact. Armed with such knowledge, our future devices could offer longitudinal health tracking, more productive work environments, full-body avatars in extended reality, and embodied telepresence experiences, to name just a few domains. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Smartphones

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In the Moment of Glitch: Engaging with Misalignments in Ethical Practice 25

In the Moment of Glitch: Engaging with Misalignments in Ethi...

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2025 CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025

作者： Garrett, Rachael Hawkins, Kat Brundell, Patrick Castle-Green, Simon Tennent, Paul Zhou, Feng Lampinen, Airi Höök, Kristina Benford, Steve Media Technology and Interaction Design Kth Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Centre for Dance Research Coventry University Coventry United Kingdom Mixed Reality Lab School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Computer Science University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Computer Science / Mixed Reality Lab The University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

Glitches - moments when technologies do not work as desired - will become increasingly common as industrially-designed robots move into complex contexts. Taking glitches to be potential sites of critical ethical reflection, we examine a glitch that occurred in the context of a collaborative research project where professional dancers with different disabilities improvised with a robotic arm. Through a first-person account, we analyse how the dancer, the robot, and the rest of the research team enacted ethics in the moment of glitch. Through this analysis, we discovered a deep and implicit ethical misalignment wherein our enactments of ethics in response to the glitch did not align with the values of the project. This prompted a critical re-engagement with our research process through which we forged a dialogue between different ethical perspectives that acted as an invitation to bring us back into ethical alignment with the project's values. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Industrial robots

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Advancing PCB Quality Control:Harnessing YOLOv8 Deep Learning for Real-Time Fault Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第10期81卷 345-367页

作者： Rehman Ullah Khan Fazal Shah Ahmad Ali Khan Hamza Tahir Faculty of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development Universiti Malaysia SarawakKota Samarahan94300Malaysia School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China Department Electronic Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan

Printed Circuit Boards(PCBs)are materials used to connect components to one another to form a working *** play a crucial role in modern electronics by connecting various *** trend of integrating more components onto PCBs is becoming increasingly common,which presents significant challenges for quality control *** the potential impact that even minute defects can have on signal traces,the surface inspection of PCB remains pivotal in ensuring the overall system *** address the limitations associated with manual inspection,this research endeavors to automate the inspection process using the YOLOv8 deep learning algorithm for real-time fault detection in ***,we explore the effectiveness of two variants of the YOLOv8 architecture:YOLOv8 Small and YOLOv8 *** rigorous experimentation and evaluation of our dataset which was acquired from Peking University’s human-Robot interaction Lab,we aim to assess the suitability of these models for improving fault detection accuracy within the PCB manufacturing *** results reveal the remarkable capabilities of YOLOv8 Small models in accurately identifying and classifying PCB *** model achieved a precision of 98.7%,a recall of 99%,an accuracy of 98.6%,and an F1 score of *** findings highlight the potential of the YOLOv8 Small model to significantly improve the quality control processes in PCB manufacturing by providing a reliable and efficient solution for fault detection.

关键词： Printed circuit boards(PCB) YOLOv8 YOLOv8 Nano YOLOv8 Small deep learning object detection

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Friction in Processual Ethics: Reconfiguring Ethical Relations in Interdisciplinary Research 25

Friction in Processual Ethics: Reconfiguring Ethical Relatio...

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2025 CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025

作者： Garrett, Rachael Brundell, Patrick Castle-Green, Simon Hawkins, Kat Tennent, Paul Zhou, Feng Lampinen, Airi Höök, Kristina Benford, Steve Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Mixed Reality Lab School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Computer Science University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Centre for Dance Research Coventry University Coventry United Kingdom Computer Science Mixed Reality Lab University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713941

Friction - disagreement and breakdown - is an omnipresent aspect of conducting interdisciplinary research yet is rarely presented in formal research reporting. We analyse a performance-led research process where professional dancers with different disabilities explored how to improvise with an industrial robot, with the support of an interdisciplinary team of human-computer and human-robot interaction researchers. We focus on one site of friction in our research process;how to dance - safely - with robots? By presenting our research process, we exemplify the different ways in which we encountered this friction and how we reconfigured the research process around it. We contribute five ways in which we arrived at a generative ethical outcome, which may be helpful in productively engaging with friction in interdisciplinary collaboration. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Industrial robots

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An Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling Strategy Based on Improved Fireworks Algorithm in Heterogeneous Cloud 23

An Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling Strategy Based on Improv...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, 7th IEEE International Conference on Data science and Systems, 19th IEEE International Conference on Smart City and 7th IEEE International Conference on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud and Big Data Systems and Applications, HPCC-DSS-SmartCity-DependSys 2021

作者： Zhao, Hui Meng, Fanxin Feng, Nanzhi Wang, Quan Wan, Bo Wang, Jing School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China Key Laboratory of Smart Human-Computer Interaction and Wearable Technology of Shaanxi Province Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665494571

With the development of cloud computing, energy consumption is getting bigger and bigger, and energy optimization has become one of the research focuses. Task scheduling is an efficient way to reduce the energy consumption of cloud. Most previous works ignored the heterogeneity of physical machines (PMs) configured with different CPUs and GPUs, which may result in high energy consumption in heterogeneous cloud. In this paper, an energy-efficient Task Scheduling Strategy based on Improved Fireworks Algorithm (TSS-IFWA) is proposed to reduce the energy consumption of the CPU/GPU heterogeneous cloud. First, a task scheduling model is constructed, in which the energy consumption of CPUs and GPUs are separately consid-ered. Then we obtain the task scheduling optimization problem of minimizing the energy consumption of heterogeneous cloud. Second, as traditional fireworks algorithm consumes massive computing resource and has a poor convergence performance, we improve a new calculation method of explosion amplitude of the fireworks algorithm. We also optimize the mutation strategy. Third, we utilize the improved fireworks algorithm to solve the task scheduling optimization problem. Specifically, the corre-sponding coding and decoding schemes of the fireworks algorithm are designed to initialize the fireworks individuals. We then obtain task scheduling results. Finally, TSS- IFWA is compared with traditional fireworks algorithm (FWA), round-robin algorithm (RR), and genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results show that TSS- IFWA has a good performance in reducing energy consumption of heterogeneous cloud. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud computing Fireworks algorithm Energy consumption Processor scheduling Scheduling Energy efficiency Explosions

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VTA-NAc neural pathways involved in the mechanism of depression-like behavior induced by chronic sleep deprivation in mice 24

VTA-NAc neural pathways involved in the mechanism of depress...

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11th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering, ICBBE 2024

作者： Li, Yaqing Mo, Weiyi Ren, Jing Sun, Tianyi Zheng, Chengguaang Wang, Ling Yang, Jiajia Ming, Dong Medical School Tianjin University Tianjin China ZhejiangLab Zhejiang Hangzhou China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering Tianjin China Haihe Laboratory of Brian-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400718274

Sleep plays a crucial role in individual physical and mental health. Insufficient sleep leads to inattention, memory loss, cognitive dysfunction and emotional disorders. The mesolimbic pathway, ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopaminergic neural pathway has been shown to be associated with sleep-wake behavior and depression-like behavior. In this study, we investigated the relation between chronic sleep deprivation (CSD)-induced depression-like behaviors and the activity of VTA-NAc dopaminergic pathway. CSD caused weight loss and depression-like behaviors in the mice, including anhedonia and helplessness. CSD prominently reduced the change of mice' s DA signal when moving freely. Additionally, NAc DA release became less noticeable in rewarding event and retreat behavior after exposing to CSD. In conclusion, our findings indicated that VTA-NAc dopaminergic neural pathway is directly related to depressive-like behavior caused by chronic sleep deprivation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of the physiological function of sleep, and provides a potential target for clinical research on improving or treating sleep disorder-related depression. Copyright © 2024 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Sleep research

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Bioderived Hygromorphic Twisted Actuator for Untethered Sustainable Systems 12th

Bioderived Hygromorphic Twisted Actuator for Untethered Sust...

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Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2023

作者： Whatmore, Reece Keely, Emelia Lee, Zoe Minori, Adriane Yao, Lining Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15218 United States Industrial Design Department Rhode Island School of Design ProvidenceRI02903 United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15218 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031388569

Environmentally friendly and hygromorphic actuators have gained increasing attention for energy harvesting, field robotics, seeding and biodegradable active structures and sensors. While recent works have used hygromorphic seeds as sources of bio-inspiration, it is challenging to engineer synthetic hygromorphic actuators with comparable stiffness, energy density, and reaction speed, and the processing of synthetic materials or need for external power sources inevitably increases fossil fuel consumption and waste production. In this paper, we harness an alternative bioderived design approach, utilizing the natural twisted body of the seed, Hesperostipa Spartea, itself as a sustainable and biodegradable hygromorphic twisting actuator that converts atmospheric water concentration into mechanical energy. Our self-powered twisted actuator is capable of providing twisting actuation with a load over 11,000 times its body mass. We further demonstrate the potential of modular biohybrid design to create untethered self-locking and crawling systems, powered solely by environmental stimuli. The ability to create biodegradable self-actuating systems with modular bioderived design presents opportunities to create biocompatible systems, improving sustainability in the field of soft robotics and beyond. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Robotics

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