In human-human communications, especially in face-to-face communication, sub-verbal and non-verbal messages have more importance than messages transported by words in communications. On the other hand, in traditional ...
详细信息
In human-human communications, especially in face-to-face communication, sub-verbal and non-verbal messages have more importance than messages transported by words in communications. On the other hand, in traditional man-machine interfaces, machines only understand pre-defined operations, and never understand operators' sub-verbal and non-verbal messages. This causes some difficulty of machine usability. Grasping-and-moving are fundamental hand operations necessary for performing tasks using modern man-machine interfaces. However, behavioral information associated with grasping, such as force, posture, etc., has not been utilized for traditional interfaces. Although behavioral information should have potential utility in developing task-adaptive and operator-adaptive interfaces; it is known that how people grasp devices is dependent on the purpose of these tasks. As an example of typical pointing devices, This work describes a computer mouse whose approaching speed, or gain, is adjusted depending on the nature of the task. This work suggests that the grasping-and-moving tasks should consist of two phases. The first or approaching phase is when the operator moves the mouse pointer close to the target with a small grasping force. The second or positioning phase follows when the operator makes a fine adjustment of the pointer to locate it within the target area using a larger grasping force. This proposed new computer mouse has a sensor to detect the operator's grasping force and uses it to control the gain of the mouse. Two sets of experiments were conducted; one for confirming the assumption that the grasping force should be small while approaching the target and large while positioning, and the other for confirming that the proposed mouse should be effective in reducing the time necessary for pointing various kinds of objects.
A prosodic corpus of Japanese was developed as a scheduled project by the university researchers in Japan. This paper describes the contents of the corpus: speakers, speaking style, recording conditions, prosodic anno...
ISBN:
(纸本)2951740816
A prosodic corpus of Japanese was developed as a scheduled project by the university researchers in Japan. This paper describes the contents of the corpus: speakers, speaking style, recording conditions, prosodic annotations. The corpus is a Japanese version of the MULTEXT prosodic database of EUROM1. We adopted a J-ToBI prosodic labeling scheme as well as additional labels such as pitich range, prominence, devoicing, and nasalization. We developed an automatic generation of J-ToBI labels. It was proved that 71.6% of tone labels were placed on the correct positions with the correct symbols, and that 73.7% of BI labels were generated correctly. Automatic prosodic label generator was evaluated by expert labeler team and beginner team and found to be helpful for both of them.
Technology is being developed at a rapid rate such that a large proportion of the population are finding it impossible to utilize the full functionality of products. In an integrated home environment, it is vital that...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1581138571
Technology is being developed at a rapid rate such that a large proportion of the population are finding it impossible to utilize the full functionality of products. In an integrated home environment, it is vital that technology products are not only desirable but also accessible to the whole population in terms of functionality and usability. This work-in-progress paper presents the findings from the first phase of a project investigating smart user interfaces (SUIs) in the context of an integrated home environment. To gather the requirements for universal access, eight workshops were conducted focussing on the needs, attitudes and expectations of people towards smart homes. This will contribute to the development of user led design criteria for the development of a prototype universal SUI. Copyright 2004 ACM.
As speech interfaces become more prevalent, it is becoming more crucial that they be developed in a way that minimizes cognitive load for users. One major barrier to creating systems that are more human-centered has b...
详细信息
As speech interfaces become more prevalent, it is becoming more crucial that they be developed in a way that minimizes cognitive load for users. One major barrier to creating systems that are more human-centered has been the lack of an accepted online methodology for directly evaluating the cognitive resource demands of different systems. The present study extends a classic tool from cognitive psychology, the dual-task paradigm, to speech interface evaluation. Participants follow simple instructions generated by a system, while simultaneously monitoring for a simple visual probe. Performance on the monitoring task is used as a measure of cognitive resource demands;whenever language understanding is more demanding, performance on the monitoring task suffers. In the present study we used this methodology to investigate patterns of reference generation and how they impact human understanding.
This paper contains a description of MODeLeR, a Multimedia Object Design Learning Resource. The impetus for the creation of MODeLeR was to provide an authentic learning environment for the study of object-oriented des...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1581137982
This paper contains a description of MODeLeR, a Multimedia Object Design Learning Resource. The impetus for the creation of MODeLeR was to provide an authentic learning environment for the study of object-oriented design to augment intermediate level programming classes. The Resource affords active, collaborative learning experiences in object modeling with the goal of helping students to gain design capabilities in UML and to appreciate the need for design that they often do not perceive since the programs they write are relatively small. Students typically create several different UML diagrams. This paper describes the MODeLeR environment and a pilot study in its use. This paper contains results of both a quantitative study and a qualitative evaluation of the Resource. Copyright 2004 ACM.
In this paper, we propose a new method to generate modular structures. In the method, the number of elements, that is, the number of competitive units is gradually increased. To control a process of module generation,...
详细信息
In this paper, we propose a new method to generate modular structures. In the method, the number of elements, that is, the number of competitive units is gradually increased. To control a process of module generation, we introduce two kinds of information, that is, unit and modular information. Unit information represents information content obtained by individual elements in all modules. On the other hand, modular information is information content obtained by each module. We try to increase both types of information simultaneously. We applied our method to two classification problems: random data classification and Web data classification. In both cases, we observed that modular structures were automatically generated.
In this paper, we propose a new computational method for a network-growing method called greedy network-growing [R. Kamimura, et al., (2002)]. We have so far introduced a network-growing algorithm called greedy networ...
详细信息
In this paper, we propose a new computational method for a network-growing method called greedy network-growing [R. Kamimura, et al., (2002)]. We have so far introduced a network-growing algorithm called greedy network-growing based upon information theoretic competitive learning. For competitive unit outputs, we have used the inverse of the squares of Euclidean distance between input patterns and connections. The algorithm has extracted very faithful representations of input patterns. However, one problem is that learning is very slow, and sometimes ambiguous final representations are obtained. To remedy these shortcomings, we introduce a new activation function, that is, Gaussian activation functions for competitive units. By changing a parameter for the Gaussian activation functions, we can build a network that does not focus on faithful representations of input patterns, but try to extract the main characteristics of input patterns. Because this method are not concerned with detailed parts of input patterns, learning is significantly accelerated and salient features should be extracted. We applied the method to a road classification problem. Experimental results confirmed that learning was significantly accelerated and salient features could be extracted.
We describe the design of a modular system for untethered real-time kinematic motion capture using sensors with inertial measuring units (IMUs). Our system is comprised of a set of small and lightweight sensors. Each ...
详细信息
Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the first year of a three year study of the unexpected attainment of gender parity in the School of Industrial Engineering a...
详细信息
Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the first year of a three year study of the unexpected attainment of gender parity in the School of Industrial Engineering at the University of Oklahoma (OU). An analysis of the pattern of participant responses gives insight into industrial engineering (IE) student perceptions of IE. The perceptions were grouped into three broad themes: Career Profile, Discipline Profile, and Discipline Meta-Profile. The Career Profile includes the availability of multiple career paths and flexible careers in this discipline in addition to the potential for the attainment of status through entry into management. People-oriented, broad, and systems-oriented are terms that were used to describe the Discipline Profile. Discipline Meta-Profile is used to describe the participant's perception of other people's perceptions of industrial engineering (i.e. what IE students think other people think). These participants felt that other engineers think of IE as easy, or "imaginary" engineering. The participants also thought that the discipline is invisible, even to other engineers. While the meta-perception of IE might seem to be problematic for the discipline, many of the participants reject the meta-perception. Some participants recognized that IE's focus on people and systems is simply different than other engineering disciplines, not necessarily easier. Other participants felt the potential to enter into management outweighed the discipline meta-perception. One student summarized the response particularly well when he noted that IE is "inviteful" engineering.
暂无评论