One of the tasks of a maritime safety and security (MSS) system is to map incoming observations in the form of sensor data onto existing maritime domain knowledge. This domain knowledge is modeled in an ontology. The ...
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One of the tasks of a maritime safety and security (MSS) system is to map incoming observations in the form of sensor data onto existing maritime domain knowledge. This domain knowledge is modeled in an ontology. The sensor data contains information on ship trajectories, labeled with ship types from this ontology. These ship types are broad and within one type there can be several distinctive behavior patterns. As a consequence we cannot make a good mapping from these trajectories to the ship types. To make this possible we should change the ontology by adding relevant subtypes. This paper presents a semi-automatic method to extend the ontology of ship types on the basis of trajectory data. The first part involves the use of hidden Markov models to model the data of each ship within one ship type and the clustering of these models. The clusters are input to the second part where we use internet querying and natural language processing based ontology extension techniques to extend the maritime domain ontology. We present the promising results of a preliminary experiment that shows an interesting possibility in terms of semi-automatic ontology extension, which would enable an optimal coverage of a given domain: not providing too many concepts, and not leaving essential ones out.
In the last decade, the technological changes in environmental data acquisition, management, analysis, and dissemination have been astounding. However, extracting patterns and knowledge for decision-making is still te...
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Mobile devices play a critical role in assistive environments. How to authenticate and secure communications among them has become more important especially against loss and capture of the devices. In this paper, we p...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605580678
Mobile devices play a critical role in assistive environments. How to authenticate and secure communications among them has become more important especially against loss and capture of the devices. In this paper, we present an approach to protect signing keys of mobile devices based on mediated RSA introduced by Dan Boneh and others. The important property of our scheme is transparent self-resilience. In other words, in case a device is lost or captured and at the risk of being compromised and impersonated, our scheme can disable the device instantly and the replacement will be transparent to other users. In this way, if an attacker captures a mobile device, he has limited time to use it because it will become soon invalid. If he wants to break our scheme, he must compromise the device and its mediator simultaneously. Copyright 2008 ACM.
Traditional menu designs are not well-suited for command selection on distant displays. We describe a *** interaction technique called the "roll-and-pinch menu" (rapMenu), and investigate the design space of...
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Traditional menu designs are not well-suited for command selection on distant displays. We describe a *** interaction technique called the "roll-and-pinch menu" (rapMenu), and investigate the design space of remote menu selection using freehand gestural input. The rapMenu maps intuitive hand postures and gestures to a radial menu layout at two levels of granularity: the user rolls her hand to alter the wrist orientation, which makes a group of menu items selectable; then she touches her thumb to a particular finger (forming & pinch gesture) to select a specific item in that group. We present the visual design and behavior of the rapMenu, consider related design issues, examine design variations, and discuss the strengths and limitations of our approach.
Many online video sites provide a text chat feature so viewers can chat with others while watching videos. How does chatting affect their experience? Would audio chat be more fun or would it be too distracting? The ri...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605581002
Many online video sites provide a text chat feature so viewers can chat with others while watching videos. How does chatting affect their experience? Would audio chat be more fun or would it be too distracting? The richer medium of audio may more closely approximate the living room or club experience, but human factors research suggests that audio chat could increase distraction and detract from the viewing experience. This paper presents the results of an experiment comparing text with audio chat when the video does or does not have dialogue, and when viewers are watching the videos in the same or a different order. A control group watched videos without chat. Overall, audio chat and text chat were equally distracting, and chat was more distracting when the video contained dialogue. Despite the presence of distraction, viewers found both text and audio chat enjoyable. Those who used audio chat preferred it to text chat for talking with others while watching videos with their friends. Copyright 2008 ACM.
Current paper-based interfaces such as PapierCraft, provide very little feedback and this limits the scope of possible interactions. So far, there has been little systematic exploration of the structure, constraints, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595933131
Current paper-based interfaces such as PapierCraft, provide very little feedback and this limits the scope of possible interactions. So far, there has been little systematic exploration of the structure, constraints, and contingencies of feedback-mechanisms in paper-based interaction systems for paper-only environments. We identify three levels of feedback: discovery feedback (e.g., to aid with menu learning), status-indication feedback (e.g., for error detection), and task feedback (e.g., to aid in a search task). Using three modalities (visual, tactile, and auditory) which can be easily implemented on a pen-sized computer, we introduce a conceptual matrix to guide systematic research on pen-top feedback for paper-based interfaces. Using this matrix, we implemented a multimodal pen prototype demonstrating the potential of our approach. We conducted an experiment that confirmed the efficacy of our design in helping users discover a new interface and identify and correct their errors. Copyright 2006 ACM.
Playfulness, with non-intrusive elements, can be considered a useful resource for enhancing social awareness and community building within work organizations. Taking inspirations from the cultural probes approach, we ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605583990
Playfulness, with non-intrusive elements, can be considered a useful resource for enhancing social awareness and community building within work organizations. Taking inspirations from the cultural probes approach, we developed organizational probes as a set of investigation tools that could provide useful information about employees' everyday playful experiences within their work organizations. In an academic work environment, we applied our organizational probes over a period of three weeks. Based on the collected data we developed two design concepts for playful technologies in work environments.
As the world population is aging, there is an increasing need to support independent living of elderly people. Assistive environments incorporate the latest pervasive and ubiquitous technologies and provide a viable a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605580678
As the world population is aging, there is an increasing need to support independent living of elderly people. Assistive environments incorporate the latest pervasive and ubiquitous technologies and provide a viable alternative to traditional assistive living. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework to assess the quality of assistive environments. An assistive environment can be successful only if the potential users are willing to adopt it. The proposed framework identifies a set of attributes that are considered critical to user adoption. Sample metrics, as well as possible approaches to measure them, are also suggested to quantify those attributes. The framework is illustrated using an experimental assistive apartment environment that is being built at the University of Texas at Arlington. Copyright 2008 ACM.
Our research is the exploration of the social effects of human-robot interaction (HRI) on children with ASD, a population that has deficiencies in many types of social behavior. computers and robots have been shown to...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781595939944
Our research is the exploration of the social effects of human-robot interaction (HRI) on children with ASD, a population that has deficiencies in many types of social behavior. computers and robots have been shown to be a catalyst for increased social interaction in children with ASD, yet that effect requires further study to be effectively employed as a therapeutic intervention.
We present a discriminative approach to human action recognition. At the heart of our approach is the use of common spatial patterns (CSP), a spatial filter technique that transforms temporal feature data by using dif...
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We present a discriminative approach to human action recognition. At the heart of our approach is the use of common spatial patterns (CSP), a spatial filter technique that transforms temporal feature data by using differences in variance between two classes. Such a transformation focusses on differences between classes, rather than on modelling each class individually. As a results, to distinguish between two classes, we can use simple distance metrics in the low-dimensional transformed space. The most likely class is found by pairwise evaluation of all discriminant functions. Our image representations are silhouette boundary gradients, spatially binned into cells. We achieve scores of approximately 96% on a standard action dataset, and show that reasonable results can be obtained when training on only a single subject. Future work is aimed at combining our approach with automatic human detection.
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