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UIST 2006: 19th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

作者： Song, Hyunyoung Guimbretière, François Hu, Chang Lipson, Hod Human-Computer Interaction Lab. Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States 216 Upson Hall Cornell University Ithaca NY 14852-7501 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595933131

With the availability of affordable new desktop fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and laser cutting, physical models are used increasingly often during the architectural and industrial design cycle. Models can easily be annotated to capture comments, edits and other forms of feedback. Unfortunately, these annotations remain in the physical world and cannot be easily transferred back to the digital world. Here we present a simple solution to this problem based on a tracking pattern printed on the surface of each model. Our solution is inexpensive, requires no tracking infrastructure or per object calibration, and can be used in the field without a computer nearby. It lets users not only capture annotations, but also edit the model using a simple yet versatile command system. Once captured, annotations and edits are merged into the original CAD models. There they can be easily edited or further refined. We present the design of a SolidWorks plug-in implementing this concept, and report initial feedback from potential users using our prototype. We also present how this prototype could be extended seamlessly to a fully functional system using current 3D printing technology. Copyright 2006 ACM.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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A Visual Interface for Multivariate Temporal Data: Finding Patterns of Events across Multiple Histories

A Visual Interface for Multivariate Temporal Data: Finding P...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics science and Technology (VAST)

作者： Jerry Alan Fails Amy Karlson Layla Shahamat Ben Shneiderman Department of Computer Science & Human-Computer Interaction Lab University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA Department of Computer Science & Human-Computer Interaction Lab University of Maryland College Park Maryland

Finding patterns of events over time is important in searching patient histories, Web logs, news stories, and criminal activities. This paper presents PatternFinder, an integrated interface for query and result-set visualization for search and discovery of temporal patterns within multivariate and categorical data sets. We define temporal patterns as sequences of events with inter-event time spans. PatternFinder allows users to specify the attributes of events and time spans to produce powerful pattern queries that are difficult to express with other formalisms. We characterize the range of queries PatternFinder supports as users vary the specificity at which events and time spans are defined. Pattern Finder's query capabilities together with coupled ball-and-chain and tabular visualizations enable users to effectively query, explore and analyze event patterns both within and across data entities (e.g. patient histories, terrorist groups, Web logs, etc.)

关键词： History Visual databases Data visualization Spatial databases computer science User interfaces Database languages Medical treatment Pattern analysis Chromium

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Spatial ontology for semantic integration in 3D multimodal interaction framework

Spatial ontology for semantic integration in 3D multimodal i...

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ACM International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications, VRCIA 2006

作者： Irawati, Sylvia Calderón, Daniela Ko, Heedon Department of Human Computer Interaction and Robotics University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Imaging Media Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)1595933247

This paper describes a framework for 3D selection and manipulation in virtual environments. The framework provides some basic selection and manipulation techniques to achieve the interaction task. It also provides more than one input channel to interact with the system. The gist of the proposed framework is the semantic integration of multimodal input using spatial ontology and user context to integrate the interpretation results from the inputs into a single one. The spatial ontology, describing the spatial relationships between objects, is used together with the current user context to solve ambiguities coming from the user's commands. We discuss how the spatial ontology is defined and used to assist the user to perform object placements in the virtual environment. © 2006 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Performing aggregation and ellipsis using discourse structures

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Research on Language and Computation 2006年第4期4卷 353-375页

作者： Theune, Mariët Hielkema, Feikje Hendriks, Petra Human Media Interaction Department of Computer Science University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Department of Computing Science University of Aberdeen Aberdeen United Kingdom Center for Language and Cognition Groningen University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

This article describes the generation of aggregated and elliptic sentences, using Dependency Trees connected by rhetorical relations as input. The system we have developed can generate both hypotactic and paratactic constructions with appropriate cue words, and various forms of ellipsis such as Gapping and Conjunction Reduction. We contend that Dependency Trees connected by rhetorical relations are excellent input for a generation system that has to generate ellipsis, and we propose a taxonomy of the most common Dutch cue words, grouped according to the kind of discourse relations they signal. Finally, we argue that syntactic aggregation should be performed in the Surface Realizer of a language generation system, because it requires access to language-specific syntactic information. © Springer science+Business Media 2007.

关键词： Aggregation Dependency trees Discourse structure Ellipsis Language generation

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Target size study for one-handed thumb use on small touchscreen devices 06

Target size study for one-handed thumb use on small touchscr...

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8th International Conference on human-computer interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI 2006

作者： Parhi, Pekka Karlson, Amy K. Bederson, Benjamin B. Media Team Oulu Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Oulu P.O. Box 4500 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland Human-Computer Interaction Lab. Computer Science Department University of Maryland College Park MD

ISBN: (纸本)1595933905

This paper describes a two-phase study conducted to determine optimal target sizes for one-handed thumb use of mobile handheld devices equipped with a touch-sensitive screen. Similar studies have provided recommendations for target sizes when using a mobile device with two hands plus a stylus, and interacting with a desktop-sized display with an index finger, but never for thumbs when holding a small device in a single hand. The first phase explored the required target size for single-target (discrete) pointing tasks, such as activating buttons, radio buttons or checkboxes. The second phase investigated optimal sizes for widgets used for tasks that involve a sequence of taps (serial), such as text entry. Since holding a device in one hand constrains thumb movement, we varied target positions to determine if performance depended on screen location. The results showed that while speed generally improved as targets grew, there were no significant differences in error rate between target sizes ≥ 9.6 mm in discrete tasks and targets ≥ 7.7 mm in serial tasks. Along with subjective ratings and the findings on hit response variability, we found that target size of 9.2 mm for discrete tasks and targets of 9.6 mm for serial tasks should be sufficiently large for one-handed thumb use on touchscreen-based handhelds without degrading performance and preference. Copyright 2006 ACM.

关键词： Fluorescent screens

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NetLens: Iterative Exploration of Content-Actor Network Data

NetLens: Iterative Exploration of Content-Actor Network Data

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics science and Technology (VAST)

作者： Hyunmo Kang Catherine Plaisant Bongshin Lee Benjamin B. Bederson Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland USA Computer Science Department Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Laboratory Canada

Networks have remained a challenge for information retrieval and visualization because of the rich set of tasks that users want to accomplish. This paper offers an abstract content-actor network data model, a classification of tasks, and a tool to support them. The NetLens interface was designed around the abstract content-actor network data model to allow users to pose a series of elementary queries and iteratively refine visual overviews and sorted lists. This enables the support of complex queries that are traditionally hard to specify. NetLens is general and scalable in that it applies to any dataset that can be represented with our abstract data model. This paper describes NetLens applying a subset of the ACM Digital Library consisting of about 4,000 papers from the CM I conference written by about 6,000 authors. In addition, we are now working on a collection of half a million emails, and a dataset of legal cases

关键词： Data visualization Software libraries Data models Displays User interfaces Law Legal factors Graphical user interfaces Visual analytics laboratories

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Effects of feedback and dwell time on eye typing speed and accuracy

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Universal Access in the Information Society 2006年第2期5卷 199-208页

作者： Majaranta, Päivi MacKenzie, I. Scott Aula, Anne Räihä, Kari-Jouko Unit for Human–Computer Interaction (TAUCHI) Department of Computer Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland Department of Computer Science and Engineering York University Toronto Canada

Eye typing provides a means of communication that is especially useful for people with disabilities. However, most related research addresses technical issues in eye typing systems, and largely ignores design issues. This paper reports experiments studying the impact of auditory and visual feedback on user performance and experience. Results show that feedback impacts typing speed, accuracy, gaze behavior, and subjective experience. Also, the feedback should be matched with the dwell time. Short dwell times require simplified feedback to support the typing rhythm, whereas long dwell times allow extra information on the eye typing process. Both short and long dwell times benefit from combined visual and auditory feedback. Six guidelines for designing feedback for gaze-based text entry are provided.

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Mica: A Web-Search Tool for Finding API Components and Examples

Mica: A Web-Search Tool for Finding API Components and Examp...

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IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and human Centric Computing (VL/HCC)

作者： J. Stylos B.A. Myers Computer Science Department Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

Because software libraries are numerous and large, learning how to use them is a common and problematic task for experienced programmers and novices alike. Internet search engines such as Google have emerged as important resources to help programmers successfully use APIs. However, observations of programmers using Web search have revealed problems and inefficiencies in their use. We present a new prototype search tool called Mica that augments standard Web search results to help programmers find the right API classes and methods given a description of the desired functionality, and help programmers find examples when they already know which methods to use. Mica works by using the Google Web APIs to find relevant pages, and then analyzing the content of those pages to extract the most relevant programming terms and to classify the type of each result

关键词： Programming profession Web search Search engines Documentation Software libraries Application software Java Terminology computer science Internet

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Categorizing web search results into meaningful and stable categories using fast-feature techniques

Categorizing web search results into meaningful and stable c...

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IEEE/ACM Joint Conference on Digital Libraries(JCDL)

作者： Jack Kustanowitz Ben Shneiderman Bill Kules Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD USA

When search results against digital libraries and Web resources have limited metadata, augmenting them with meaningful and stable category information can enable better overviews and support user exploration. This paper proposes six "fast-feature" techniques that use only features available in the search result list, such as title, snippet, and URL, to categorize results into meaningful categories. They use credible knowledge resources, including a US government organizational hierarchy, a thematic hierarchy from the open directory project (ODP) Web directory, and personal browse histories, to add valuable metadata to search results. In three tests the percent of results categorized for five representative queries was high enough to suggest practical benefits: general Web search (76-90%), government Web search (39-100%), and the Bureau of labor Statistics Website (48-94%). An additional test submitted 250 TREC queries to a search engine and successfully categorized 66% of the top 100 using the ODP and 61% of the top 350. Fast-feature techniques have been implemented in a prototype search engine. We propose research directions to improve categorization rates and make suggestions about how Web site designers could re-organize their sites to support fast categorization of search results

关键词： Web search Testing Search engines Software libraries Uniform resource locators US Government History Statistical analysis Prototypes Web page design

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The use of abstraction and motion in the design of social interfaces

The use of abstraction and motion in the design of social in...

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6th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, DIS 2006

作者： Mutlu, Bilge Forlizzi, Jodi Nourbakhsh, Illah Hodgins, Jessica Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Design Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Robotics Institute Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595933417

In this paper, we explore how dynamic visual cues can be used to create accessible and meaningful social interfaces without raising expectations beyond what is achievable with current technology. Our approach is inspired by research in perceptual causality, which suggests that simple displays in motion can evoke high-level social and emotional content. For our exploration, we iteratively designed and implemented a public social interface using abstraction and motion as design elements. Our interface communicated simple social and emotional content such as displaying happiness when there is high social interaction in the environment. Our qualitative evaluations showed that people frequently and repeatedly interacted with the interface while they tried to make sense of the underlying social content. They also shared their models with others, which led to more social interaction in the environment. Copyright 2006 ACM.

关键词： Iterative methods

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