We present a critique of language-based modelling for text input research, and propose an alternative input-based approach. Current language-based statistical models are derived from large samples of text (corpora). H...
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We present a critique of language-based modelling for text input research, and propose an alternative input-based approach. Current language-based statistical models are derived from large samples of text (corpora). However, this text reflects only the output, or final result, of the text input task. We argue that this weakens the utility of the model, because, (1) users' language is typically quite different from that in any corpus;punctuation symbols, acronyms, slang, etc. are frequently used. (2) A corpus does not reflect the editing process used in its creation. (3) No existing corpus captures the input modalities of text input devices. Actions associated with keys such as Shift, Alt, and Ctrl are missing. We present a study to validate our arguments. Keystroke data from four subjects were collected over a one-month period. Results are presented that support the need for input-based language modelling for text input.
DateLens is a novel calendar interface for PDAs. It supports users in performing planning and analysis tasks by using a fisheye representation of dates coupled with compact overviews, user control over the visible tim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1581136374
DateLens is a novel calendar interface for PDAs. It supports users in performing planning and analysis tasks by using a fisheye representation of dates coupled with compact overviews, user control over the visible time period, and integrated search. This enables users to see overviews and to easily navigate the calendar structure, and to discover patterns and outliers.
Thumbnail images provide users of image retrieval and browsing systems with a method for quickly scanning large numbers of images. Recognizing the objects in an image is important in many retrieval tasks, but thumbnai...
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Web navigation relies heavily on the use of the 'back' button to traverse pages. The traditional back button suffers from the distance and targeting issues that govern Fitts' Law. An alternative to the but...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780909925963
Web navigation relies heavily on the use of the 'back' button to traverse pages. The traditional back button suffers from the distance and targeting issues that govern Fitts' Law. An alternative to the button approach is the use of marking menus--a gesture based technique shown to improve access times of commonly repeated tasks. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a gesture-based mechanism for issuing the back and forward commands in web navigation. Results show that subjects were able to navigate significantly faster when using gestures compared to the normal back button. Furthermore, the subjects were extremely enthusiastic about the technique, with many expressing their wish that "all browsers should support this". Subjective measures also showed significantly higher ratings for the gesture system over the back button. Finally, subjects found the 'flick' gesture easy to learn.
A search agent was designed with a strong theoretical basis and tested for effectiveness with the community of users. The aim of this agent is to customize and adapt the user's entire experience with the interface...
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A search agent was designed with a strong theoretical basis and tested for effectiveness with the community of users. The aim of this agent is to customize and adapt the user's entire experience with the interface according to individual needs. The agent was built in such a way that those who are not familiar with computers can rely on the tool in such a way that understandability, learnability and operability of the tool become easy.
In many organizations, collaborating with peers, sharing resources, and codifying know-how are not typical facets of work activity. For such organizations, knowledge management support must help people identify and or...
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In many organizations, collaborating with peers, sharing resources, and codifying know-how are not typical facets of work activity. For such organizations, knowledge management support must help people identify and orient to opportunities for collaboration and sharing, articulate values and best practices, and assimilate sharing knowledge as an everyday experience. We discuss a participatory design project in which we are exploring these issues in the design of knowledge management support for public school teachers, leveraging a community networking infrastructure and everyday representational frameworks for knowledge.
Classroom BRIDGE supports activity awareness by facilitating planning and goal revision in collaborative, project-based middle school science. It integrates large-screen and desktop views of project times to support i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781581136364
Classroom BRIDGE supports activity awareness by facilitating planning and goal revision in collaborative, project-based middle school science. It integrates large-screen and desktop views of project times to support incidental creation of awareness information through routine document transactions, integrated presentation of awareness information as part of workspace views, and public access to subgroup activity. It demonstrates and develops an object replication approach to integrating synchronous and asynchronous distributed work for a platform incorporating both desktop and large-screen devices. This paper describes an implementation of these concepts with preliminary evaluation data, using timeline-based user interfaces.
With recent troubles in U.S. elections, there has been a nationwide push to update voting systems. Municipalities are investing heavily in electronic voting systems, many of which use a touch screen. These systems off...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781581136302
With recent troubles in U.S. elections, there has been a nationwide push to update voting systems. Municipalities are investing heavily in electronic voting systems, many of which use a touch screen. These systems offer the promise of faster and more accurate voting, but the current reality is that they are fraught with usability and systemic problems. This paper surveys issues relating to usability of electronic voting systems and reports on a series of studies, including one with 415 voters using new systems that the State of Maryland purchased. Our analysis shows these systems work well, but have several problems, and many voters have concerns about them.
Dynamic queries facilitate rapid exploration of information by real-time visual display of both query formulation and results. Dynamic query sliders are linked to the main visualization to filter data. A common altern...
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Dynamic queries facilitate rapid exploration of information by real-time visual display of both query formulation and results. Dynamic query sliders are linked to the main visualization to filter data. A common alternative to dynamic queries is to link several simple visualizations, such as histograms, to the main visualization with a brushing interaction strategy. Selecting data in the histograms highlights that data in the main visualization. We compare these two approaches in an empirical experiment on DataMaps, a geographic data visualization tool. Dynamic query sliders resulted in better performance for simple range tasks, while brushing histograms was better for complex trend evaluation and attribute relation tasks. Participants preferred brushing histograms for understanding relationships between attributes and the rich information they provided.
The experience of preparing interface design knowledge to be reusable allows reflection on the process, potential and general challenges of effectively and efficiently using this knowledge in design tasks. With an int...
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The experience of preparing interface design knowledge to be reusable allows reflection on the process, potential and general challenges of effectively and efficiently using this knowledge in design tasks. With an interest in crafting a catalog for design claims that would implement recent reuse theory in the human-computerinteraction field, we developed and implemented a unique process of creating reusable content for notification systems - interfaces used for multitasking. This process, which we describe and illustrate, extends previous work on capturing metadata related to design claims. The data and metadata are stored in the catalog, which is intended to be accessible to other designers for reuse in other domains. The multitask nature of our catalog subject matter highlights a major challenges faced in reuse: the generalization specific and contextual information (claims). The challenge of balancing abstraction with specificity to ensure both meaningful and domain-independent data is also addressed. We believe that our approach can generalize to other reuse projects that strive for cross-domain knowledge application.
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