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Introduction to the 2015 Brainhack Proceedings

Gigascience 2016年第SUPPL_1期5卷

作者： Craddock, R. Cameron Bellec, Pierre Margules, Daniel S. Nichols, B. Nolan Pfannmöller, Jörg P. Computational Neuroimaging Lab Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg NY USA Center for the Developing Brain Child Mind Institute New York NY USA Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal Quebec Canada Department of computer science and operational research University of Montreal Montreal Canada Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany SRI International Menlo Park CA USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA USA Functional Imaging Unit Center for Diagnostic Radiology University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany

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Optimizing password composition policies 13

Optimizing password composition policies

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14th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, EC 2013

作者： Blocki, Jeremiah Komanduri, Saranga Procaccia, Ariel D. Sheffet, Or Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University United States Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450319621

A password composition policy restricts the space of allowable passwords to eliminate weak passwords that are vulnerable to statistical guessing attacks. Usability studies have demonstrated that existing password composition policies can sometimes result in weaker password distributions;hence a more principled approach is needed. We introduce the first theoretical model for optimizing password composition policies. We study the computational and sample complexity of this problem under different assumptions on the structure of policies and on users' preferences over passwords. Our main positive result is an algorithm that - with high probability - constructs almost optimal policies (which are specified as a union of sub- sets of allowed passwords), and requires only a small number of samples of users' preferred passwords. We complement our theoretical results with simulations using a real-world dataset of 32 million passwords. Copyright © 2013 ACM.

关键词： Authentication

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Uncovering information needs for independent spatial learning for users who are visually impaired 13

Uncovering information needs for independent spatial learnin...

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15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on computers and Accessibility, ASSETS 2013

作者： Banovic, Nikola Franz, Rachel L. Truong, Khai N. Mankoff, Jennifer Dey, Anind K. Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450324052

Sighted individuals often develop significant knowledge about their environment through what they can visually observe. In contrast, individuals who are visually impaired mostly acquire such knowledge about their environment through information that is explicitly related to them. This paper examines the practices that visually impaired individuals use to learn about their environments and the associated challenges. In the first of our two studies, we uncover four types of information needed to master and navigate the environment. We detail how individuals' context impacts their ability to learn this information, and outline requirements for independent spatial learning. In a second study, we explore how individuals learn about places and activities in their environment. Our findings show that users not only learn information to satisfy their immediate needs, but also to enable future opportunities - something existing technologies do not fully support. From these findings, we discuss future research and design opportunities to assist the visually impaired in independent spatial learning.

关键词： Assistive technology

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Grammatical error correction based on learner comprehension model in oral conversation

Grammatical error correction based on learner comprehension ...

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IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop

作者： Kyusong Lee Seonghan Ryu Paul Hongsuck Seo Seokhwan Kim Gary Geunbae Lee Computer Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology South Korea Department of Information Technology Mongolia International University Mongolia Human Language Technology Department Institute for Infocomm Research Natural Language Understanding Lab Singapore

We aim to provide grammar error feedback to learners. It is known that grammar error detection and feedback are challenging problems in written language, however, they become much more difficult tasks in oral conversation because it is difficult for a system to judge whether an error is due to grammar or automatic speech recognition (ASR). False alarms occur when a learner correctly utters a remark, but the system gives feedback implying an error. Minimizing the false alarm rate is especially critical in education applications because it is imperative that the tutor give correct instruction to learners. Thus, to reduce the false alarm rate in grammar error detection and feedback, we apply a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) when the system provides feedback about a learner's mistake. The POMDP models uncertainty between grammar errors and ASR errors. An additional advantage of our method is that “belief states” in POMDP can be used for learner models which indicate each individual learner's grammar comprehension level.

关键词： Grammar Error correction Computational modeling Natural languages Speech Uncertainty computers

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An Interface for Remote Robotic Manipulator Control That Reduces Task Load and Fatigue

An Interface for Remote Robotic Manipulator Control That Red...

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IEEE International Symposium on Robot and human Interactive Communication

作者： Ashish Singh Stela H. Seo Yasmeen Hashish Masayuki Nakane James E. Young Andrea Bunt Human-Computer Interaction Lab Computer Science University of Manitoba Human-Computer Interaction lab Computer Science University of Manitoba University of Manitoba

ISBN: (纸本)9781479905089

Remote control robots are being found in an increasing number of application domains, including search and rescue, exploration, and reconnaissance. There is a large body of HRI research that investigates interface design for remote navigation, control, and sensor monitoring, while aiming for interface enhancements that benefit the remote operator such as improving ease of use, reducing operator mental load, and maximizing awareness of a robot's state and remote environment. Even though many remote control robots have multi-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator arms for interacting with the environment, there is only limited research into easy-to-use remote control interfaces for such manipulators, and many commercial robotic products are still using simplistic interface technologies such as keypads or gamepads with arbitrary mappings to arm morphology. In this paper, we present an original interface for the remote control of a multi-degree of freedom robotic arm. We conducted a controlled experiment to compare our interface to an existing commercial keypad interface and detail our results that indicate our interface was easier to use, required less cognitive task load, and enabled people to complete tasks more quickly.

关键词： Manipulators Grippers Educational robots Cameras Feeds Joints

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Standard plane localization in ultrasound by radial component

Standard plane localization in ultrasound by radial componen...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Xin Yang Dong Ni Jing Qin Shengli Li Tianfu Wang Siping Chen Pheng Ann Heng National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound Shenzhen University P. R. China Center for Human Computer Interaction Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Integration Technology P.R. China Department of Ultrasound Nanfang Medical University P. R. China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong P. R. China

The acquisition of standard planes is crucial for medical ultrasound (US) diagnosis. In this paper, we present a hierarchical supervised learning framework for automatically detecting standard plane in consecutive 2D US images. The technique is demonstrated by developing a system that localizes fetal abdominal standard plane (FASP) from US videos. We first propose a novel radial component-based model (RCM) to describe the geometric constrains of key anatomical structures (KAS). In order to enhance the detection accuracy, we further adopt random forests classifier for detection of KAS within the regions constrained by RCM. Finally, a second-level classifier combines the results of component detectors to identify a US image as a “FASP” or a “nonFASP”. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms both the full abdomen and the separate anatomy detection methods without geometric constrains.

关键词： Radio frequency Standards Videos Ultrasonic imaging Detectors Anatomical structure

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Towards improving programming habits to create better computer science course outcomes 13

Towards improving programming habits to create better comput...

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18th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in computer science Education, ITiCSE 2013

作者： Spacco, Jaime Fossati, Davide Stamper, John Rivers, Kelly Computer Science Department Knox College Galesburg IL 61401 United States Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar P.O. Box 24866 Doha Qatar Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320788

We examine a large dataset collected by the Marmoset system in a CS2 course. The dataset gives us a richly detailed portrait of student behavior because it combines automatically collected program snapshots with unit tests that can evaluate the correctness of all snapshots. We find that students who start earlier tend to earn better scores, which is consistent with the findings of other researchers. We also detail the overall work habits exhibited by students. Finally, we evaluate how students use release tokens, a novel mechanism that provides feedback to students without giving away the code for the test cases used for grading, and gives students an incentive to start coding earlier. We find that students seem to use their tokens quite effectively to acquire feedback and improve their project score, though we do not find much evidence suggesting that students start coding particularly early. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： Students

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Blended interaction: Envisioning Future Collaborative Interactive Spaces 31

Blended Interaction: Envisioning Future Collaborative Intera...

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31st Annual CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems:, CHI EA 2013

作者： Jetter, Hans-Christian Reiterer, Harald Benyon, David Dachselt, Raimund Quigley, Aaron Haller, Michael Human-Computer Interaction Group University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany Human-Computer Interaction Group University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany School of Computing Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh United Kingdom Interactive Media Lab Dresden Technische Universit t Dresden Dresden Germany School of Computer Science University of St.Andrews St.Andrews United Kingdom Media Interaction Lab Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences Hagenberg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318990

Blended interaction is interaction in physical environments including meeting rooms, design studios, or libraries, that are augmented with new UI technologies to blend the power of digital computing with natural work practices and collaboration styles. It combines the virtues of physical and digital artifacts so that desired properties of each are preserved and computing is integrated in a considered manner. Since rapid technological advances constantly challenge existing designs, we believe that HCI should move beyond creating new technologies, single applications, and novel interaction techniques towards an overarching unified vision and theory of Blended interaction. Our workshop will bring together leading experts in cognitive theories and post-WIMP designs and technologies to create this unified view of Blended interaction in a multidisciplinary approach.

关键词： Ubiquitous computing

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HiveMind: Tuning crowd response with a single value 1

HiveMind: Tuning crowd response with a single value

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1st AAAI Conference on human Computation and Crowdsourcing, HCOMP 2013

作者： Singh, Preetjot Lasecki, Walter S. Barelli, Paulo Bigham, Jeffrey P. EECS Department Northwestern University United States Computer Science University of Rochester United States Economics University of Rochester United States Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781577356318

One common problem plaguing crowdsourcing tasks is tuning the set of worker responses: Depending on task requirements, requesters may want a large set of rich and varied worker responses (typically in subjective evaluation tasks) or a more convergent response-set (typically for more objective tasks such as fact-checking). This problem is especially salient in tasks that combine workers' responses to present a single output: Divergence in these settings could either add richness and complexity to the unified answer, or noise. In this paper we present HiveMind, a system of methods that allow requesters to tune different levels of convergence in worker participation for different tasks simply by adjusting the value of one variable. Copyright © 2013, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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Unfolding - A library for interactive maps

Unfolding - A library for interactive maps

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1st International Conference on human Factors in Computing and Informatics, SouthCHI 2013

作者： Nagel, Till Klerkx, Joris Vande Moere, Andrew Duval, Erik Interaction Design Lab. FH Potsdam Germany Department of Computer Science KU Leuven Belgium Department of Architecture Urbanism and Planning KU Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9783642390616

Visualizing data with geo-spatial properties has become more important and prevalent due to the wide spread dissemination of devices, sensors, databases, and services with references to the physical world. Yet, with existing tools it is often difficult to create interactive geovisualizations tailored for a particular domain or a specific dataset. We present Unfolding, a library for interactive maps and data visualization. Unfolding provides an API for designers to quickly create and customize geo-visualizations. In this paper, we describe the design criteria, the development process, and the functionalities of Unfolding. We demonstrate its versatility in use through a collection of examples. Results from a user survey suggests programmers find the library easy to learn and to use. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Data visualization

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