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30th ACM Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2012

作者： Evers, Vanessa Brewster, Stephen Lazar, Jonathan Liu, Zhengjie Marsden, Gary Prates, Raquel Nijboer, Femke Human Media Interaction University of Twente Enschede 7500 AE Netherlands School of Computing Science University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom Universal Usability Laboratory Towson University Towson MD 8000 United States Sino-European Usability Center Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 China Department of Computer Science University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Department of Computer Science Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

The requirements for funding for HCI research are changing globally. In this SIG meeting, we will review with panel members and high-level grant decision makers from different continents and countries how the requirem... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781450310161

关键词： Decision making

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Building member attachment in online communities: Applying theories of group identity and interpersonal bonds1

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MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems 2012年第3期36卷 841-864页

作者： Ren, Yuqing Harper, F. Maxwell Drenner, Sara Terveen, Loren Kiesler, Sara Riedl, John Kraut, Robert E. Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 United States Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 United States Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

Online communities are increasingly important to organizations and the general public, but there is little theoretically based research on what makes some online communities more successful than others. In this article, we apply theory from the field of social psychology to understand how online communities develop member attachment, an important dimension of community success. We implemented and empirically tested two sets of community features for building member attachment by strengthening either group identity or interpersonal bonds. To increase identity-based attachment, we gave members information about group activities and intergroup competition, and tools for group-level communication. To increase bond-based attachment, we gave members information about the activities of individual members and interpersonal similarity, and tools for interpersonal communication. Results from a six-month field experiment show that participants' visit frequency and self-reported attachment increased in both conditions. Community features intended to foster identity-based attachment had stronger effects than features intended to foster bond-based attachment. Participants in the identity condition with access to group profiles and repeated exposure to their group's activities visited their community twice as frequently as participants in other conditions. The new features also had stronger effects on newcomers than on old-timers. This research illustrates how theory from the social science literature can be applied to gain a more systematic understanding of online communities and how theory-inspired features can improve their success. Copyright © 2012.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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A neurocomputational amygdala model of auditory fear conditioning: A hybrid system approach

A neurocomputational amygdala model of auditory fear conditi...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Nicolás Navarro-Guerrero Robert Lowe Stefan Wermter Knowledge Technology Group Department of Computer Science Hamburg Germany Cognition & Interaction Lab (COIN) University of Skövde Skövde Sweden

In this work, we present a neurocomputational model for auditory-cue fear acquisition. Computational fear conditioning has experienced a growing interest over the last few years, on the one hand, because it is a robust and quick learning paradigm that can contribute to the development of more versatile robots, and on the other hand, because it can help in the understanding of fear conditioning and dysfunctions in animals. Fear learning involves sensory and motor aspects [1] and it is essential for adaptive self-protective systems. We argue that a deeper study of the mechanisms underlying fear circuits in the brain will contribute not only to the development of safer robots but eventually also to a better conceptual understanding of neural fear processing in general. Towards the development of a robotic adaptive self-protective system, we have designed a neural model of fear conditioning based on LeDoux's dual-route hypothesis of fear [2] and also dopamine modulated Pavlovian conditioning [3]. Our hybrid approach is capable of learning the temporal relationship between auditory sensory cues and an aversive or appetitive stimulus. The model was tested as a neural network simulation but it was designed to be used with minor modifications on a robotic platform.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Brain modeling Biological system modeling Computational modeling Integrated circuit modeling Reservoirs

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Activity Recognition Based on RFID Object Usage for Smart Mobile Devices

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Journal of computer science & Technology 2011年第2期26卷 239-246页

作者： Jaeyoung Yang Joonwhan Lee Joongmin Choi Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Neowiz Internet Inc. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hanyang University

Activity recognition is a core aspect of ubiquitous computing applications. In order to deploy activity recognition systems in the real world, we need simple sensing systems with lightweight computational modules to accurately analyze sensed data. In this paper, we propose a simple method to recognize human activities using simple object information involved in activities. We apply activity theory for representing complex human activities and propose a penalized naive Bayes classifier for performing activity recognition. Our results show that our method reduces computation up to an order of magnitude in both learning and inference without penalizing accuracy, when compared to hidden Markov models and conditional random fields.

关键词： activity recognition activity theory context-awareness RFID

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Claiming success, charting the future: Micro-HCI and macro-HCI

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interactions 2011年第5期18卷 10-11页

作者： Shneiderman, Ben Department of Computer Science Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory University of Maryland College Park United States

HCI professionals have developed design principles, guidelines, and standards dealing with consistency, informative feedback, error prevention, shortcuts for experts, and user control. Micro-HCI researchers can take comfort in dealing with wellstated requirements, clear benchmark tasks, established measures of human performance, and effective predictive models, such as Fitts' Law. Macro-HCI researchers and developers design and build interfaces in expanding areas, such as affective experience, aesthetics, motivation, social participation, trust, empathy, responsibility, and privacy. Although micro-HCI and macro-HCI have healthy overlaps, they attract different types of researchers, practitioners, and activists, thereby further broadening the scope and impact of HCI in general. Since commercial, social, legal, and ethical considerations play an increasing role in all areas of HCI, educational curricula and professional practices need to be updated regularly;midcareer continuing education for HCI professionals will help keep them current.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Left ventricle segmentation with mixture of Gaussian active contours

Left ventricle segmentation with mixture of Gaussian active ...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Xiaoxu Wang Qingmao Hu Pheng Ann Heng Human Computer Interaction Centre Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China Virtual Reality Visualization and Imaging Research Centre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Sha Tin New Territories Hong Kong China

Cine MRI is an imaging technique for visualizing the left ventricle wall motion in a heart beating cycle. The paper proposed a method to semi-automatically segment the left ventricle (LV) boundaries from a stack of cine MRI and build a LV mesh. The different intensities in the MRI are modeled with the mixture of Gaussian method. The thresholds between them are semi-automatically determined by K-means initialization and the expectation maximization (EM) method. The spatial constrain is added into the model with active contour models, which fit explicit contours on the boundary of the area of interest. We propose a marching cube alike initialization method of the active contour models. A 3D mesh is built from a stack of contours and smoothed afterwards. Stroke volume, myocardium mass and ejection function can be estimated from the LV boundary mesh and the endocardium mesh.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Active contours Image segmentation Cavity resonators Image reconstruction Myocardium

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Tragic errors: Usability and electronic health records

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interactions 2011年第6期18卷 60-63页

作者： Shneiderman, Ben Department of Computer Science Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory College Park United States Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park United States

Several steps that need to be followed to ensure better reporting and tracking of medical errors are presented. One of steps is to use improved electronic health records (EHR) user-interface designs that offer healthcare providers shorter learn-times, faster performance, and lower interface error rates. A second step should be agreements on user interface consistency and data interoperability among the 100-plus developers of EHR. Such guidelines for consistency and data sharing, common in other industries, would allow healthcare professionals who work at more than one location to do their jobs more efficiently and safely. Guidelines for user interfaces and public reporting of usability testing for errors would lay the foundation for changes in the way data is handled. The independent oversight panels, convened by healthcare providers, professional organizations, and government agencies, would specify improvements in information technologies and processes for software developers, hospitals, and labs.

关键词： User interfaces

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Inferring method specifications from natural language API descriptions 12

Inferring method specifications from natural language API de...

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International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

作者： Rahul Pandita Xusheng Xiao Hao Zhong Tao Xie Stephen Oney Amit Paradkar Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Laboratory for Internet Software Technologies Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Human-Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh USA IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Hawthorne NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467310673

Application Programming Interface (API) documents are a typical way of describing legal usage of reusable software libraries, thus facilitating software reuse. However, even with such documents, developers often overlook some documents and build software systems that are inconsistent with the legal usage of those libraries. Existing software verification tools require formal specifications (such as code contracts), and therefore cannot directly verify the legal usage described in natural language text in API documents against code using that library. However, in practice, most libraries do not come with formal specifications, thus hindering tool-based verification. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach to infer formal specifications from natural language text of API documents. Our evaluation results show that our approach achieves an average of 92% precision and 93% recall in identifying sentences that describe code contracts from more than 2500 sentences of API documents. Furthermore, our results show that our approach has an average 83% accuracy in inferring specifications from over 1600 sentences describing code contracts.

关键词： Contracts Semantics Natural languages Libraries Law Accuracy

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Social discovery framework: Building capacity and seeking solutions 11

Social discovery framework: Building capacity and seeking so...

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8th ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition, C and C 2011

作者： Shneiderman, Ben Department of Computer Science and Human-Computer Interaction Lab University of Maryland College ParkMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450308205

While journalists often portray discovery as the thrilling insight of a brilliant individual, many discoveries require years of work by competing and collaborating teams. Often large amounts of foundational work are necessary and dialogs among participants help clarify goals. The Social Discovery Framework suggests that (1) there are important processes in building capacity and then seeking solutions and (2) those that initiate requests are often as important as those who seek solutions. The implications of the Social Discovery Framework are that improved social tools to build capacity, initiate requests, and support dialog would accelerate the discovery process as much as the more visible tools for individuals seeking solutions. Copyright 2011 ACM.

关键词： User interfaces

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Odd leaf out: Improving visual recognition with games

Odd leaf out: Improving visual recognition with games

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust, PASSAT 2011 and 2011 IEEE International Conference on Social Computing, SocialCom 2011

作者： Hansen, Derek L. Jacobs, David W. Lewis, Darcy Biswas, Arijit Preece, Jennifer Rotman, Dana Stevens, Eric Human-Computer Interaction Lab United States Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park MD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545783

A growing number of projects are solving complex computational and scientific tasks by soliciting human feedback through games. Many games with a purpose focus on generating textual tags for images. In contrast, we introduce a new game, Odd Leaf Out, which provides players with an enjoyable and educational game that serves the purpose of identifying misclassification errors in a large database of labeled leaf images. The game uses a novel mechanism to solicit useful information from players'incorrect answers. A study of 165 players showed that game data can be used to identify mislabeled leaves much more quickly than would have been possible using a computer vision algorithm alone. Domain novices and experts were equally good at identifying mislabeled images, although domain experts enjoyed the game more. We discuss the successes and challenges of this new game, which can be applied to other domains with labeled image datasets. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： computer vision

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