Software development is a knowledge intensive activity and software developers are knowledge workers. Knowledge needed for software development is often distributed among different developers. Supporting efficient kno...
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Software development is a knowledge intensive activity and software developers are knowledge workers. Knowledge needed for software development is often distributed among different developers. Supporting efficient knowledge collaboration and transfer is thus essential for software development organizations to remain competitive. This paper proposes a new theory /sub y/namic community to support knowledge collaboration and discusses its application in software development. Dynamic community integrates the traditional knowledge management approach in which knowledge is formalized and accumulated in knowledge repositories, and the community-based knowledge collaboration approach in which knowledge is transferred through informal community participation and human contacts. The dynamic community theory takes into full consideration individual knowledge workers' ever-changing needs for new knowledge as well as the role of social relationship of knowledge workers in effective knowledge collaboration. This paper introduces the dynamic community theory, a general system architecture of sociotechnical environments in support of dynamic community, and its application in software development.
Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the first year of a three year study of the unexpected attainment of gender parity in the School of Industrial Engineering a...
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Interviews of twenty-six Industrial Engineering students and graduates were conducted during the first year of a three year study of the unexpected attainment of gender parity in the School of Industrial Engineering at the University of Oklahoma (OU). An analysis of the pattern of participant responses gives insight into industrial engineering (IE) student perceptions of IE. The perceptions were grouped into three broad themes: Career Profile, Discipline Profile, and Discipline Meta-Profile. The Career Profile includes the availability of multiple career paths and flexible careers in this discipline in addition to the potential for the attainment of status through entry into management. People-oriented, broad, and systems-oriented are terms that were used to describe the Discipline Profile. Discipline Meta-Profile is used to describe the participant's perception of other people's perceptions of industrial engineering (i.e. what IE students think other people think). These participants felt that other engineers think of IE as easy, or "imaginary" engineering. The participants also thought that the discipline is invisible, even to other engineers. While the meta-perception of IE might seem to be problematic for the discipline, many of the participants reject the meta-perception. Some participants recognized that IE's focus on people and systems is simply different than other engineering disciplines, not necessarily easier. Other participants felt the potential to enter into management outweighed the discipline meta-perception. One student summarized the response particularly well when he noted that IE is "inviteful" engineering.
作者：
Katia SycaraJohn MylopoulisRobotics Institute
School of Computer Science Human-Computer Interaction Institute Language Technologies Institute (LTI) Center for Advanced Learning and Discovery Carnegie Mellon University Newell-Simon Hall 1602D CMU Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Department of Computer Science
University of Toronto 40 St. George St. Bahen Building Rm. 7266 Toronto Ont. Canada M5S 2E4
In this paper, we propose a new method to generate modular structures. In the method, the number of elements, that is, the number of competitive units is gradually increased. To control a process of module generation,...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780386442
In this paper, we propose a new method to generate modular structures. In the method, the number of elements, that is, the number of competitive units is gradually increased. To control a process of module generation, we introduce two kinds of information, that is, unit and modular information. Unit information represents information content obtained by individual elements in all modules. On the other hand, modular information is information content obtained by each module. We try to increase both types of information simultaneously. We applied our method to two classification problems: random data classification and web data classification. In both cases, we observed that modular structures were automatically generated.
In this paper, we propose a new computational method for a network-growing method called greedy network-growing. We have so far introduced a network-growing algorithm called greedy network-growing based upon informati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780386442
In this paper, we propose a new computational method for a network-growing method called greedy network-growing. We have so far introduced a network-growing algorithm called greedy network-growing based upon information theoretic competitive learning. For competitive unit outputs, we have used the inverse of the squares of Euclidean distance between input patterns and connections. The algorithm has extracted very faithful representations of input patterns. However, one problem is that learning is very slow, and sometimes ambiguous final representations are obtained. To remedy these shortcomings, we introduce a new activation function, that is, Gaussian activation functions for competitive units. By changing a parameter for the Gaussian activation functions, we can build a network that does not focus on faithful representations of input patterns, but try to extract the main characteristics of input patterns. Because this method are not concerned with detailed parts of input patterns, learning is significantly accelerated and salient features should be extracted. We applied the method to a road classification problem. Experimental results confirmed that learning was significantly accelerated and salient features could be extracted.
Recent advances in intelligent signal processing have made it possible to capture high dynamic range images which are better represented as an array of real numbers rather than the current convention of an array of in...
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Recent advances in intelligent signal processing have made it possible to capture high dynamic range images which are better represented as an array of real numbers rather than the current convention of an array of integers. This paper proposes a solution to address the need for real, rather than just integer, image coding and file formats. Additionally, we propose that the real-valued data be linear in photoquantity (the quantity of light received by the camera) to avoid the image misrepresentation that occurs when a camera's non-linear dynamic range compressor and a display's dynamic range non-linear expander do not match. We present two novel image formats that achieve this: the portable lightspace map (PLM) and its compressed version the JPEG lightspace map (JLM), that builds upon the JPEG compression scheme. The results of various compression levels for real-valued data and their corresponding file sizes are reported.
Virtual environments (VEs) allow users to experience and interact with a rich sensory environment, but most virtual worlds contain only sensory information similar to that which we experience in the physical world. In...
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Classroom BRIDGE supports activity awareness by facilitating planning and goal revision in collaborative, project-based middle school science. It integrates large-screen and desktop views of project times to support i...
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Paper Augmented Digital Documents (PADDs) are digital documents that can be manipulated either on a computer screen or on paper. PADDs, and the infrastructure supporting them, can be seen as a bridge between the digit...
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In many organizations, collaborating with peers, sharing resources, and codifying know-how are not typical facets of work activity. For such organizations, knowledge management support must help people identify and or...
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