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IEEE Symposium on human Centric Computing Languages and Environments

作者： J.F. Pane B.A. Myers L.B. Miller Computer Science Department and Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

A programming system is the user interface between the programmer and the computer. Programming is a notoriously difficult activity, and some of this difficulty can be attributed to the user interface as opposed to other factors. Historically, the designs of programming languages and tools have not emphasized usability. This paper describes the process we used to design HANDS, a new programming system for children that focuses on usability, where HCI knowledge, principles, and methods guided all design decisions. The features of HANDS are presented along with their motivations from prior empirical research on programmers and new studies conducted by the authors. HANDS is an event-based language that features a concrete model for computation, provides operators that match the way non-programmers express problem solutions, and includes domain-specific features for the creation of interactive animations and simulations. In user tests, children using HANDS performed significantly better than children using a reduced-feature version of the system where more traditional methods were required to solve tasks.

关键词： human computer interaction User interfaces Programming profession Usability Computational modeling computer interfaces computer languages Design methodology Concrete Animation

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Experiments with face-to-face collaborative AR interfaces

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Virtual Reality 2002年第3期6卷 107-121页

作者： Billinghurst, M. Kato, H. Kiyokawa, K. Belcher, D. Poupyrev, I. Human Interface Technology Laboratory University of Washington Seattle WA United States Faculty of Information Sciences Hiroshima City University Hiroshima Japan Emergency Communication Section Communications Research Laboratory Koganei Tokyo Japan Interaction Laboratory Sony Computer Science Laboratory Tokyo Japan Human Interface Technology Laboratory University of Washington Box 352-142 Seattle WA 98195 United States

We describe a design approach, Tangible Augmented Reality, for developing face-to-face collaborative Augmented Reality (AR) interfaces. Tangible Augmented Reality combines Augmented Reality techniques with Tangible User Interface elements to create interfaces in which users can interact with spatial data as easily as real objects. Tangible AR interfaces remove the separation between the real and virtual worlds, and so enhance natural face-to-face communication. We present several examples of Tangible AR interfaces and results from a user study that compares communication in a collaborative AR interface to more traditional approaches. We find that in a collaborative AR interface people use behaviours that are more similar to unmediated face-to-face collaboration than in a projection screen interface. © Springer-Verlag London Ltd.

关键词： Augmented reality Collaboration Communication Usibility evaluation

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A radial focus+context visualization for multi-dimensional functions

A radial focus+context visualization for multi-dimensional f...

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IEEE Conference on Visualization

作者： S. Jayaraman C. North Center for Human Computer Interaction Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

The analysis of multidimensional functions is important in many engineering disciplines, and poses a major problem as the number of dimensions increases. Previous visualization approaches focus on representing three or fewer dimensions at a time. This paper presents a new focus+context visualization that provides an integrated overview of an entire multidimensional function space, with uniform treatment of all dimensions. The overview is displayed with respect to a user-controlled polar focal point in the function's parameter space. Function value patterns are viewed along rays that emanate from the focal point in all directions in the parameter space, and represented radially around the focal point in the visualization. Data near the focal point receives proportionally more screen space than distant data. This approach scales smoothly from two dimensions to 10-20, with a 1000 pixel range on each dimension.

关键词： Multidimensional systems Data visualization Performance analysis System performance human computer interaction computer science Chromium User interfaces Graphical user interfaces computer graphics

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Visualization schemas for flexible information visualization

Visualization schemas for flexible information visualization

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IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS)

作者： C. North N. Conklin V. Saini Center for Human Computer Interaction Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Relational databases provide significant flexibility to organize, store, and manipulate an infinite variety of complex data collections. This flexibility is enabled by the concept of relational data schemas, which allow data owners to easily design custom databases according to their unique needs. However, user interfaces and information visualizations for accessing and utilizing databases have not kept pace with this level of flexibility. This paper introduces the concept of visualization schemas, based on the Snap-Together Visualization model, which are analogous to relational data schemas. Visualization schemas enable users to rapidly construct customized multiple-view visualizations for databases in a similarly flexible fashion without programming. Since the design of appropriate visualizations for a given database depends on the data schema, visualization schemas are a natural analogy to the data schema concept.

关键词： Data visualization Visual databases Relational databases User interfaces Database systems Design methodology human computer interaction computer science Appropriate technology Bioinformatics

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M-Education: bridging the gap of mobile and desktop computing

M-Education: bridging the gap of mobile and desktop computin...

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IEEE International Workshop on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (WMUTE)

作者： U. Farooq W. Schafer M.B. Rosson J.M. Carroll Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Department of Computer Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Mobile education or M-Education is a new conceptual paradigm in the use of mobile and wireless technologies for education. M-Education encourages distributed peer collaboration over wireless devices and desktop computers to create opportunities for discovery and education in the field and community. It is a project-oriented approach that will use a wireless virtual community to facilitate the learning activities of teachers, students, and peers through collaboration in a distributed environment. M-Education is significantly different from existing mobile learning systems in that it leverages its collaborative activities from an existing desktop-based online virtual community (MOOsburg), and thus offers a range of collaboration opportunities, such as synchronous and asynchronous interactions with peers, and viewing or changes to persistent data. In this paper, an innovative use of wireless and mobile technologies in education is explored as part of a scenario-based design process.

关键词： Mobile computing Handheld computers computer science education Educational technology Online Communities/Technical Collaboration Application software Distributed computing Space technology Collaborative tools Collaborative work

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VMλ: A functional calculus for scientific discovery 6th

VMλ: A functional calculus for scientific discovery

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6th Fuji International Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming, FLOPS 2002

作者： Sumii, Eijiro Bannai, Hideo Department of Computer Science Graduate School of Information Science and Technology University of Tokyo Japan Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis Human Genome Center Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)3540442332

We present VMλ, a formalization and implementation of the functional language VML. VML is a programming language proposed by discovery scientists for the purpose of assisting the process of knowledge discovery. It is a non-trivial extension of ML with hypothetical views. Operationally, a hypothetical view is a value with a representation that indicates how the value was created. The notion of hypothetical views has already been successful in the domain of genome analysis, and known to be useful in the process of knowledge discovery. However, VML as a programming language was only informally defined in English prose, and indeed found problematic both in theory and in practice. Thus, a proper definition and implementation of VML with formal foundations would be of great help to discovery science and hence corresponding domain sciences. This paper gives a solid foundation of VML by extending the standard simply typed call-by-value λ-calculus. Although this extension, VMλ, is simple and clear, its design required much care to find and fix problems of the original *** also present a real implementation of VMλ, written in Camlp4 as a conservative translator into OCaml. This implementation makes extensive use of labeled arguments and polymorphic variants – two advanced features of OCaml that originate in OLabl. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Calculations

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The Importance of Translucence in Mobile Computing Systems

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ACM Transactions on computer-human interaction 2002年第1期9卷 42-67页

作者： Ebling, Maria R. John, Bonnie E. Satyanarayanan, M. IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights 704 NY 10598 United States Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh 5000 Forbes Avenue PA 15213 United States Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh 5000 Forbes Avenue PA 15213 United States

Mobile computing has been an active area of research for the past decade, but its importance will increase substantially in the decade to come. One problem faced by designers of mobile systems is that of maintaining the illusion of connectivity even when network performance is poor or nonexistent. The Coda file system uses its cache to maintain this illusion. Extensive experience with the system suggests that, although users find the functionality provided by the system extremely valuable, new users face an arduous learning curve and even experienced users are sometimes confused by the system's behavior. The fundamental problem is that the lack of a strong network connection causes the system to violate a key property of caching: transparency. To overcome this problem, we have built an interface, called the CodaConsole, that makes caching translucent to users through controlled exposure of cache management internals. The interface exposes critical aspects of caching to support the mobile user while hiding noncritical details to preserve usability. This article presents the design, implementation, and usability evaluation of this interface. The CodaConsole successfully makes caching translucent in the presence of disconnected or weakly connected operation. The most surprising result was that novice Coda users performed almost as well as experienced Coda users. © 2002, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coda Design disconnected operation Experimentation human Factors mobile computing translucent cache management weakly connected operation

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Light field duality: Concept and applications 02

Light field duality: Concept and applications

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Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology

作者： Chen, George Hong, Li Ng, Kim McGuinness, Peter Hofsetz, Christian Liu, Yang Max, Nelson Human-Computer Interface Laboratory STMicroelectronics 4690 Executive Dr. San Diego CA 92121 United States CIPIC Department of Computer Science University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135305

We propose to look at light fields from a dual space point of view. The advantage, in addition to revealing some new insights, is a framework that combines the benefits of many existing works. Using the well known two-plane-parameterization, we derive the duality between the 4-D light field and the 3-D world space. In the dual light field, rays become hyper points. We introduce the concept of hyperline. Then, cameras appear as hyperlines - camera hyperline (CHL) - mostly heterogeneous in color;scene points also appear as hyperlines - geometry hyperline (GHL) - mostly homogeneous in color. CHL's and GHL's are independent. The existence of one does not require or replace the other. When both exist, they cross each other at the dual ray hyper points. Both CHL and GHL-based light field rendering results are presented.

关键词： Image analysis

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Wavelet-based action potential detector for the extracellular neural signal with low signal-to-noise ratio

Wavelet-based action potential detector for the extracellula...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： K.H. Kim S.J. Kim Human-computer Interaction Laboratory Samsung advanced Institute of technology South Korea School of electrical engineering and computer science Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

We develop a wavelet-based action potential detection method to lower the level of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for successful detection. It is based on point-wise product of wavelet coefficients of several scales, and effectively performs the role of combination of matched filters. We show its performance for various neural signal recordings. Detection of action potential from extracellular neural signal can be difficult due to the low SNR and high similarity between the target signal and noise. In previous studies or experimental neurophysiology using the extracellular recording, only the action potentials with sufficiently large amplitude have been gathered and analyzed. We compared its performance with those of the linear optimal filter and the Teager energy operator, and showed the superiority or the proposed detector over them. Test was performed for various SNR values and degrees or spectral similarity between the target signal and the noise.

关键词： Detectors Extracellular Signal to noise ratio Wavelet coefficients Wavelet analysis Discrete wavelet transforms Matched filters Signal analysis Nonlinear filters Frequency

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human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. Development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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