作者：
B.B. BedersonA. BoltmanComputer Science Department
Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD USA College of Education
Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD USA
We examine how animating a viewpoint change in a spatial information system affects a user's ability to build a mental map of the information in the space. We found that animation improves users' ability to re...
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We examine how animating a viewpoint change in a spatial information system affects a user's ability to build a mental map of the information in the space. We found that animation improves users' ability to reconstruct the information space, with no penalty on task performance time. We believe that this study provides strong evidence for adding animated transitions in many applications with fixed spatial data where the user navigates around the data space.
This paper presents a system for automatic verb sense disambiguation using a small corpus and a Machine-Readable Dictionary (MRD) in Korean. The system learns a set of typical uses listed in the MRD usage examples for...
Although the use of the World Wide Web has expanded tremendously in the past few years, we still know very little about how users are working with this new medium, what they attempt to accomplish, what works, what doe...
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Although the use of the World Wide Web has expanded tremendously in the past few years, we still know very little about how users are working with this new medium, what they attempt to accomplish, what works, what doesn't. One way to answer such questions is to simply ask users for descriptions of their own activities. This paper presents an analysis of 133 stories of Web use contributed by users over a period of 40 months, since the Web Storybase began operation in December 1994. Usage of the Storybase is examined in general, and the stories are analyzed along several dimensions. The stories convey usage experiences that not only involve global information retrieval and person-to-person contact, but also the development of both good and bad interpersonal relationships, as well as extensive reflection on how the Web is changing our lives.
Training needs analysis is critical for designing effective training systems. However, traditional techniques for analysing training needs are inadequate for capturing the demands of modern workplaces, where the prima...
Training needs analysis is critical for designing effective training systems. However, traditional techniques for analysing training needs are inadequate for capturing the demands of modern workplaces, where the primary role of workers is to adapt on-line to cope with unpredictable contingencies. By identifying the functional structure of a work domain, which is independent of particular events, work domain analysis provides a framework for informing the design of training systems that will allow workers to be trained to deal with unpredictable situations. To illustrate this argument, we outline a work domain analysis of a fighter aircraft and show how it may be used for identifying the training needs of fighter pilots and for deriving functional specifications for a training system for this work domain.
In this paper we report results of an investigation into English-Japanese Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) comparing a number of query translation methods. Results from experiments using the standard BMIR-J...
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Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is a systems-based approach to the analysis, modelling, and design of complex sociotechnical systems that is particularly useful when working with real-time work domains in which operator...
Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is a systems-based approach to the analysis, modelling, and design of complex sociotechnical systems that is particularly useful when working with real-time work domains in which operator adaptation and flexibility may be needed (Rasmussen, Pejtersen, & Goodstein, 1994; Vicente, 1999). In this paper we argue that CWA can be used not only for design, with which it is most commonly associated, but also throughout the system life cycle. We present a table that shows the five phases of CWA crossed with different steps and activities in the system life cycle, and in the cells of the table we indicate how a particular phase of CWA informs the system life cycle activity in question. We illustrate this discussion with material from our own work using CWA in air defence environments, such as the use of work domain analysis in the tender evaluation for Australia's AEW&C system. CWA not only leverages and coordinates some previous human engineering techniques, but it also adds important analytic products that have been absent from previous techniques.
A computational model to predict MOS (mean opinion score) of processed speech is proposed. The system measures the distortion of processed speech (compared to the source speech) using a peripheral model of the mammali...
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A computational model to predict MOS (mean opinion score) of processed speech is proposed. The system measures the distortion of processed speech (compared to the source speech) using a peripheral model of the mammalian auditory system and a psychophysically-inspired measure, and maps the distortion value onto the MOS scale. This paper describes our attempt to derive a "universal", database-independent, distortion-to-MOS mapping function. Preliminary experimental evaluation shows that the performance of the proposed system is comparable with ITU-T recommendation P.861 for clean speech sources, and outperforms the P.861 recommendation for speech sources corrupted by either car or babble noise at 30 dB SNR.
Previous research work to detect channel defect in package seals using pulse-echo ultrasound inspired the Backscattered Amplitude Integral (BAI) imaging and RF sample (RFS) imaging techniques. The two former image for...
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Previous research work to detect channel defect in package seals using pulse-echo ultrasound inspired the Backscattered Amplitude Integral (BAI) imaging and RF sample (RFS) imaging techniques. The two former image formation techniques, as well as the newly proposed technique, are evaluated from the same acquired pulse-echo RF data set. All images are formed with a 17.3-MHz 6.35-mm-diameter focused ultrasound transducer (f/2, 173-μm-6 dB pulse-echo lateral beamwidth at the focus, λ-86 μm) scanned over a rectangular grid, keeping the package material in the focal region. All techniques are evaluated with the same set of laboratory-made channel defects: plastic and aluminum foil trilaminate film with 6-, 10-, 15-, 38- and 50-μm-diameter channels filled with water or air. The new RF correlation image technique is formed from the correlation coefficient of each RF echo signal relative to a reference signal that does not pass through a channel defect. Prior to processing, the acquired RF echo signals are first windowed to match within the sample the range where the two materials are bonded, that is, the range where channel defects occur. The statistical study on the laboratory-made channel defects shows that RF correlation technique has the highest detection rate relative to BAI-mode and RFS-mode image for 15-, 10- and 6-μm channel defects. It also is the most effective at smoothing the background, leading to the greatest CNR enhancement.
We present the effect of several standard speech coders on speech recognition in adverse communication environments such as tandem, frame erasure, and noisy conditions. These environments were chosen to simulate the o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780351231
We present the effect of several standard speech coders on speech recognition in adverse communication environments such as tandem, frame erasure, and noisy conditions. These environments were chosen to simulate the operational condition of IMT-2000. The comparative results can provide a guideline for selecting a speech coder when a speech recognition service is needed in digital communication networks.
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