'Augmentative communication' is a term used generally to refer to the use of speech synthesizers for spoken communication by people who cannot speak with their own voices. There are a number of conditions whic...
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'Augmentative communication' is a term used generally to refer to the use of speech synthesizers for spoken communication by people who cannot speak with their own voices. There are a number of conditions which can cause such loss of speech. Most of them are the result of physical damage to the voice-production mechanisms. Note that a distinction usually has to be drawn between impared speech and impaired language skills. Someone with a mental disability which affects their language ability will probably never be able to communicate, via speech (natural or synthetic) nor through other modes, such as sign language. So users of augmentative communication generally have physical disabilities rather than metal ones. However, physical disability is rarely specific. It is very common for an impairment which affects the speech apparatus to also affect other parts of the body-a fact which will be expanded on below. The author presents a very brief introduction to this use of synthetic speech. More details can be found in Edwards (1991), along with information regarding its use by blind computer users.< >
Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) are being developed to facilitate safety and efficiency for roadway users. To avoid congestion and improve route guidance, information has to be presented to the driver in a ...
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Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) are being developed to facilitate safety and efficiency for roadway users. To avoid congestion and improve route guidance, information has to be presented to the driver in a timely and digestible format. Currently, there are few methods by which an increase in such information load can be presented safely and effectively. The present experiments examine headup displays as one method of presenting this navigational information. A vital facet of information presentation is synthesis and management, such that displays do not overload drivers and create safety hazards in and of themselves. To evaluate displays in a controlled environment, the present experiments were conducted in a fixed-base simulation facility. The first experiment evaluated the differences in driver response to alpha-numeric versus iconic headup displays. The second experiment compared ego-centered against fixed-based map representations of geographical information. Results indicate the superiority of iconic headup displays and ego-centered maps.
An IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System) navigation system obtains information from road sensors, city maps and event schedules, and generates information for drivers. We address two aspects of navigation in IVHS:...
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An IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System) navigation system obtains information from road sensors, city maps and event schedules, and generates information for drivers. We address two aspects of navigation in IVHS: finding a path and evaluating a given path. Finding a path between a starting point and the destination is based on heuristic search procedures. Evaluation of a given path is modeled as a path query. We use a new access method, called MoBiLe File[18], for efficient map storage and access. We propose a hierarchical path planning algorithm which is capable of finding optimal paths while avoiding obstacles. We contribute obstacle avoidance heuristics for faster computation of paths between two points.
Database query is becoming a common task in public access systems; touchscreens can provide an appealing interface for such a system. This paper explores three interfaces for constructing queries on alphabetic field v...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0897913485
Database query is becoming a common task in public access systems; touchscreens can provide an appealing interface for such a system. This paper explores three interfaces for constructing queries on alphabetic field values with a touchscreen interface; including a QWERTY keyboard, an Alphabetic keyboard, and a Reduced Input Data Entry (RIDE) interface. The RIDE interface allows field values to be entered with fewer “keystrokes” (touches) than either keyboard while eliminating certain errors. In one test database, the RIDE interface required 69% fewer keystrokes than either keyboard interface.
We can make a difference in shaping the future by ensuring that computers "serve human needs (Mumford, 1934)." By making explicit the enduring values that we hold dear we can guide computer system designers ...
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IShell is a visual user interface for interaction using gestures under the UNIX operating system. A visual script language for building commands - IScript - is an integral part of the IShell environment The user can d...
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In this paper, we examine hypermedia systems with an emphasis on the types of learning they are appropriate for. We use Bloom's taxonomy of behavioral objectives as the organizing framework for a discussion of edu...
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For many interactive systems, and in particular designs influenced by the direct manipulation style of interaction, the user’s ability to have immediate visual and manipulative access to all data is limited by the ph...
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humancomputer interfaces which involve the use of multiple and redundant channels of communication will improve the quality and efficiency of interaction. In particular they will be easier to use for people with sens...
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humancomputer interfaces which involve the use of multiple and redundant channels of communication will improve the quality and efficiency of interaction. In particular they will be easier to use for people with sensory disabilities (or at least should be simpler to adapt). Such interfaces must be designed on a media-independent basis. The author discusses these assumptions and outlines a case study involving the Apple Macintosh graphical user interface.< >
Formal methods are widely proposed as an important part of the software design process, but the design of large systems imposes software engineering constraints on the refinement of these specifications into coded mod...
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