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Assessment of PM2.5-associated mortality burden among the elderly: Insights into demographic, socio-economic, and geographic factors

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Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2024年第7期17卷 1535-1545页

作者： Sharma, Ayushi Hsiao, Hsi-yu Liu, Jia-Yi Lung, Shih-Chun Candice Su, Huey-Jen Shen, Ching-Fen Chen, Nai-Tzu Wu, Pei-Chih Lin, Cheng-Yu Liang, Sheng-Fu Cheng, Tain-Junn Chan, Ta-Chien Tsay, Yaw-Shyan Chung, Hsin-Ying Wang, Yu-Chun Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei City Taiwan Department of Environmental and Occupational Health National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan National Cheng Kung University Hospital Pediatrics Office Tainan City Taiwan Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources Chang Jung Christian University Tainan City Taiwan Sleep Medicine Center College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering & Institute of Medical Informatics National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan Department of Neurology and Occupational Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan City Taiwan School of Medicine College of Medicine National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung City Taiwan Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei City Taiwan Department of Architecture National Cheng Kung University Tainan City Taiwan Department of Plant Industry National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Tainan City Taiwan

Since long-term exposure to PM2.5 is a growing concern in Taiwan, therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between different PM2.5 concentrations and cause-specific mortalities, as well as explore the influence of demographic, socio-economic, and geographic determinants on mortality. Utilizing a Distributed Lag Non-Linear Model (DLNM), we estimated the PM2.5-attributable mortality burden among the elderly population (above 65 years) in Taiwan from 2005 to 2018. Our analysis considered various thresholds defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess the impact of PM2.5 concentrations, ranging from standard Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) levels (0–15 μg/m3) to higher interim targets (up to 80 μg/m3). Our study reveals that achieving AQG levels (< 15 μg/m3) in Taiwan could potentially prevent 5571 elderly deaths, including 889 deaths from CVDs, 934 deaths from RTIs, and 680 deaths from chronic diseases. We observed a rapid increase in attributable deaths at lower PM2.5 concentrations, with a subsequent marginal increase at higher levels of exposure. We also identified several factors that modify the effects of PM2.5 exposures among elderly. For example, we found that higher elderly population ratios and high-income households were associated with an elevated risk of PM2.5-related deaths. In contrast, higher social welfare expenditure, better availability of medical practitioners per square kilometer, and higher forest-to-land ratios were associated with positive effects, indicating their potential in reducing mortality risk. This study fills a knowledge gap by examining the health consequences of varying PM2.5 levels and explored the complex interplay between demographic, socio-economic, and geographic factors in relation to PM2.5-related mortality.

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Model-Driven Deep Learning for Non-Coherent Massive Machine-Type Communications

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Zhe Wu, Wen Gao, Feifei Shen, Xuemin The Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University State Key Lab of Intelligent Technologies and Systems Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China The Frontier Research Center Peng Cheng Laboratory Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

In this paper, we investigate the joint device activity and data detection in massive machine-type communications (mMTC) with a one-phase non-coherent scheme, where data bits are embedded in the pilot sequences and the base station simultaneously detects active devices and their embedded data bits without explicit channel estimation. Due to the correlated sparsity pattern introduced by the noncoherent transmission scheme, the traditional approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm cannot achieve satisfactory performance. Therefore, we propose a deep learning (DL) modified AMP network (DL-mAMPnet) that enhances the detection performance by effectively exploiting the pilot activity correlation. The DL-mAMPnet is constructed by unfolding the AMP algorithm into a feedforward neural network, which combines the principled mathematical model of the AMP algorithm with the powerful learning capability, thereby benefiting from the advantages of both techniques. Trainable parameters are introduced in the DL-mAMPnet to approximate the correlated sparsity pattern and the large-scale fading coefficient. Moreover, a refinement module is designed to further advance the performance by utilizing the spatial feature caused by the correlated sparsity pattern. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DL-mAMPnet can significantly outperform traditional algorithms in terms of the symbol error rate performance. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Message passing

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Entanglement Assisted Probe of the Non-Markovian to Markovian Transition in Open Quantum System Dynamics

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第20期132卷 200401-200401页

作者： Chandrashekhar Gaikwad Daria Kowsari Carson Brame Xingrui Song Haimeng Zhang Martina Esposito Arpit Ranadive Giulio Cappelli Nicolas Roch Eli M. Levenson-Falk Kater W. Murch Department of Physics Washington University St. Louis Missouri 63130 USA Center for Quantum Information Science and Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA CNR-SPIN Complesso di Monte S. Angelo via Cintia Napoli 80126 Italy Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble INP Institut Néel 38000 Grenoble France

We utilize a superconducting qubit processor to experimentally probe non-Markovian dynamics of an entangled qubit pair. We prepare an entangled state between two qubits and monitor the evolution of entanglement over time as one of the qubits interacts with a small quantum environment consisting of an auxiliary transmon qubit coupled to its readout cavity. We observe the collapse and revival of the entanglement as a signature of quantum memory effects in the environment. We then engineer the non-Markovianity of the environment by populating its readout cavity with thermal photons to show a transition from non-Markovian to Markovian dynamics, ultimately reaching a regime where the quantum Zeno effect creates a decoherence-free subspace that effectively stabilizes the entanglement between the qubits.

关键词： Open quantum systems & decoherence Quantum Zeno dynamics

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Transferring Annotator- and Instance-dependent Transition Matrix for Learning from Crowds

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Shikun Xia, Xiaobo Deng, Jiankang Ge, Shiming Liu, Tongliang The Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100095 China The School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The Sydney AI Center School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney DarlingtonNSW2008 Australia The Department of Computing Imperial College London LondonSW7 2BX United Kingdom

Learning from crowds describes that the annotations of training data are obtained with crowd-sourcing services. Multiple annotators each complete their own small part of the annotations, where labeling mistakes that depend on annotators occur frequently. Modeling the label-noise generation process by the noise transition matrix is a powerful tool to tackle the label noise. In real-world crowd-sourcing scenarios, noise transition matrices are both annotator- and instance-dependent. However, due to the high complexity of annotator- and instance-dependent transition matrices (AIDTM), annotation sparsity, which means each annotator only labels a tiny part of instances, makes modeling AIDTM very challenging. Without prior knowledge, existing works simplify the problem by assuming the transition matrix is instance-independent or using simple parametric ways, which lose modeling generality. Motivated by this, we target a more realistic problem, estimating general AIDTM in practice. Without losing modeling generality, we parameterize AIDTM with deep neural networks. To alleviate the modeling challenge, we suppose every annotator shares its noise pattern with similar annotators, and estimate AIDTM via knowledge transfer. We hence first model the mixture of noise patterns by all annotators, and then transfer this modeling to individual annotators. Furthermore, considering that the transfer from the mixture of noise patterns to individuals may cause two annotators with highly different noise generations to perturb each other, we employ the knowledge transfer between identified neighboring annotators to calibrate the modeling. Theoretical analyses are derived to demonstrate that both the knowledge transfer from global to individuals and the knowledge transfer between neighboring individuals can effectively help mitigate the challenge of modeling general AIDTM. Experiments confirm the superiority of the proposed approach on synthetic and real-world crowd-sourcing data. The imple

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Optical interface engineering with on-demand magnetic surface conductivities

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Physical Review B 2022年第3期106卷 035304-035304页

作者： Yuhan Zhong Tong Cai Tony Low Hongsheng Chen Xiao Lin Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

Optical interfaces with arbitrary magnetic and electric surface conductivities can enable the design of photonic devices with new functionalities, but practical approaches to date are nonexistent. Regular interfaces, such as those with graphene, are optically interesting due to their tailorable electric surface conductivity. However, their magnetic surface conductivity is negligible since the magnetic response in natural materials is generally weak from the terahertz frequency onward. The quest for artificial magnetic response has recently triggered the development of magnetic metasurfaces that, however, can only provide the interface with a limited value of magnetic surface conductivity. Herein we find that vertical heterostructures based on regular nonmagnetic metasurfaces have a direct correspondence to an optical interface with both magnetic and electric surface conductivities, whose desired values can be structurally engineered. Moreover, we identify several unique photonic and plasmonic responses at optical interfaces with specific magnetic surface conductivities, including a polarization-insensitive Brewster effect and pure magnetic surface waves.

关键词： Electrical conductivity Electromagnetism Surface & interfacial phenomena Surface plasmons

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An improved random permutation set entropy to address self-contradiction

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Expert Systems with Applications 2025年 288卷

作者： Li, Xirui Li, Zhen Deng, Yong College of Computer Science and Information Engineering Harbin Normal University Harbin150025 China Institute of Network Science and Network Space Tsinghua University China Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China China Mobile Information Technology Center Beijing100029 China School of Medicine Vandebilt University United States

Recently, as an ordered extension of evidence theory, the Random Permutation Set (RPS) was presented. Because of its ability to model ordered scenarios, RPS has gained more and more attention and been widely applied in different fields. To measure the uncertainty of RPS, the RPS entropy was proposed. However, existing RPS entropy doesn't consider the orderliness of the RPS set, consequently being unable to distinguish the different impacts of elements in different orders to the uncertainty of RPS set. To address this issue, we propose an improved RPS entropy from a new perspective, called Improved Random Permutation Set Entropy Considering Self-Contradiction (IRPSECS). To measure the conflict between different sequence orders in RPS sets, we introduce a new parameter Ω based on Spearman's footrule distance, which is then incorporated into the IRPSECS computation. Numerical examples are illustrated to show the improvement of IRPSECS compared to existing RPS entropy. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Set theory

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Pansharpening Methods Based on a Redundant Contourlet Transform

Pansharpening Methods Based on a Redundant Contourlet Transf...

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Earth Observation and Geo-Spatial information (ICEOGI), International Conference on

作者： Soumeya Ourabia Nadia Baaziz Youcef Smara Departement of Electronics University Center of Tipaza -Morsli Abdelah-Institut of Sciences Laboratory of Image Processing and Radiation -USTHB Tipaza Algeria Department of Computer Science and Engineering Research Laboratory in Multimedia Information University of Quebec in Outaouais - UQO Gatineau Québec Canada Laboratory of Image Processing and Radiation Faculty of electrical engineering University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene -USTHB Algiers Algeria

The pansharpening of high-resolution panchromatic (Pan) image and low-resolution multispectral (MS) images represents an important task in the remote sensing field. It allows the joint exploitation of the information derived from both types of images. However, this may cause a distortion of spectral information or a lack in details and structures. The multiresolution analysis using wavelet transforms has proved its efficiency in the pansharpening domain, due to the representation of the image content over different resolution levels. In image fusion applications, we always need more detail information to be incorporated in the pansharpening procedure in order to produce enhanced results. However, the limitation of the wavelet transform to three types of oriented detail coefficients prevents this need from being met. To overcome this limitation, we propose to use the redundant contourlet transform (RCT) which extracts a richer multiscale directional information from the image. For this purpose, two RCT-based pansharpening methods are introduced and suitable data fusion procedures are described. We conducted several experiments on two different datasets acquired respectively by ALSAT-2A and IKONOS satellites. The visual results as well as quantitative results from evaluation metrics demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.

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High-Fidelity State Preparation, Quantum Control, and Readout of an Isotopically Enriched Silicon Spin Qubit

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第6期18卷 064028-064028页

作者： A.R. Mills C.R. Guinn M.M. Feldman A.J. Sigillito M.J. Gullans M.T. Rakher J. Kerckhoff C.A.C. Jackson J.R. Petta Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST/University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA HRL Laboratories LLC 3011 Malibu Canyon Road Malibu California 90265 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA Center for Quantum Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA

Quantum systems must be prepared, controlled, and measured with high fidelity in order to perform complex quantum algorithms. Control fidelities have greatly improved in silicon spin qubits but state-preparation and readout fidelities have generally been poor. By operating with low electron temperatures and employing high-bandwidth cryogenic amplifiers, we demonstrate single-qubit readout visibilities >99%, exceeding the threshold for quantum error correction. In the same device, we achieve average single-qubit control fidelities >99.95%. Our results show that silicon spin qubits can be operated with high overall operation fidelity.

关键词： Isotope separation & enrichment Quantum benchmarking Quantum gates Quantum information with solid state qubits Elemental semiconductors Quantum dots Electrical techniques Microwave techniques

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Switching between singular points and exceptional-point-enhanced sensing in non-Hermitian photonic structures 13

Switching between singular points and exceptional-point-enha...

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Active Photonic Platforms XIII 2021

作者： Veronis, Georgios Huang, Yin Wang, Lanyan Shen, Yuecheng School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Optoelectrics Information Science and Engineering School of Physics and Electronics Central South University Hunan Changsha410012 China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644304

We investigate the exceptional points in a two-layer cylindrical waveguide structure consisting of absorbing and nonabsorbing dielectrics. We show that by tuning the parameters of the structure the complex effective indices of two waveguide modes can coalesce so that an exceptional point is formed. We show that the sensitivity of the effective index of the waveguide mode is enhanced at the exceptional point. We also investigate using phase-change materials in multilayer structures to switch between singular points. We show that in multilayer structures consisting of phasechange, lossless dielectric, lossy, and gain materials, absorbing or spectral singularities can be switched to exceptional points, and self-dual spectral singularities can be switched to unidirectional spectral singularities by switching the phasechange material from its crystalline to its amorphous phase. Our results could be important for developing new compact reconfigurable singularity-enhanced optical devices. © 2021 SPIE.

关键词： Physical optics

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Clifford circuit based heuristic optimization of fermion-to-qubit mappings

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yu, Jeffery Liu, Yuan Sugiura, Sho Van Voorhis, Troy Zeytinŏglu, Sina Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Joint Quantum Institute NIST University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC27606 United States Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University RaleighNC27606 United States Department of Physics North Carolina State University RaleighNC27606 United States Blocq Inc. 717 Market Street San FranciscoCA94103 United States Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Institute for Theoretical Physics TU Wien Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136 ViennaA-1040 Austria Physics and Informatics Laboratory NTT Research Inc. SunnyvaleCA94085 United States

Simulation of interacting fermionic Hamiltonians is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. However, the feasibility of analysing fermionic systems with a quantum computer hinges on the efficiency of fermion-to-qubit mappings that encode non-local fermionic degrees of freedom in local qubit degrees of freedom. While recent works have highlighted the importance of designing fermion-to-qubit mappings that are tailored to specific problem Hamiltonians, the methods proposed so far are either restricted to a narrow class of mappings or they use computationally expensive and unscalable brute-force search algorithms. Here, we address this challenge by designing a heuristic numerical optimization framework for fermion-to-qubit mappings. To this end, we first translate the fermion-to-qubit mapping problem to a Clifford circuit optimization problem, and then use simulated annealing to optimize the average Pauli weight of the problem Hamiltonian. For all fermionic Hamiltonians we have considered, the numerically optimized mappings outperform their conventional counterparts, including ternary-tree-based mappings that are known to be optimal for single creation and annihilation operators. We find that our optimized mappings yield between 15% to 40% improvements on the average Pauli weight when the simulation Hamiltonian has an intermediate level of complexity. Most remarkably, the optimized mappings improve the average Pauli weight for 6×6 nearest-neighbor hopping and Hubbard models by more than 40% and 20%, respectively. Surprisingly, we also find specific interaction Hamiltonians for which the optimized mapping outperform any ternary-tree-based mapping. Our results establish heuristic numerical optimization as an effective method for obtaining mappings tailored for specific fermionic Hamiltonian. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Hamiltonians

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