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Modeling for small cell networks in 5G communication environment

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Telecommunication Systems 2022年第2期80卷 189-214页

作者： Kim, Tae-Yeun Singh, A. K. Ko, Hoon National Program of Excellence in Software Center Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Patna India Research Institute of Computer Information Communications Chungbuk National University E8-7 Chungdae-ro 1 Seowon-ku Chungcheongbuk-do South Korea Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Instituto Politecnico do Porto R. Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431 Porto Portugal

The small cell structure in which many cells are arranged per unit area by reducing the size of cells is a candidate technology for an increase in transmission capacity in the 5G environment. However, the decrease in the size of the cell led to additional problems such as increased inter cell interference and frequent cell changes owing to the movement of the terminal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose small cell dynamic channel allocation (SDCA) and hybrid and dynamic channel allocation (HDCA) using conventional reuse methods to improve the macro cell performance while efficiently utilizing scarce frequency resources. The proposed method facilitates an improved performance that is lacking for macro-cell users in the center area of the cell boundary for the network where conventional macro cells and small cells are superposed. Furthermore, to improve the performance, it can provide resources that are lacking in the small cells of the center. To evaluate the performance, the proposed method was compared to frequency reuse factor1 (FRF1), frequency reuse factor3 (FRF3), and fractional frequency reuse (FFR) methods in terms of the signal-to-interference/noise-ratio (SINR) of users of each macro cell and small cell, outage, capacity for each user, and total system capacity. As a result of comparing the SINR, it was confirmed that the performance of the macro cell users has improved by an average of 43.88% compared to FRF1, FRF3, and FFR, and the performance of small cell users has improved by an average of 4.31%. Comparison results show that the outage proportions of the macro and small cell users are 61.29% and 70.59% lower on average, respectively. A comparison of results show that the capacities of the macro and small cell users have also improved by 22.5% and 14.5% on average, respectively. As the comparison results of the total system capacity indicate, the proposed method shows an average improvement of 11.67%. In cases in which the added resources o

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Association Between Sex and Race and Ethnicity and IV Sedation Use in Patients Receiving Invasive Ventilation

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CHEST Critical Care

CHEST Critical Care 2024年第4期2卷 100100-100100页

作者： Walker, Sarah L. Angriman, Federico Burry, Lisa Celi, Leo Anthony Fiest, Kirsten M. Gichoya, Judy Johnson, Alistair Liu, Kuan Mehta, Sangeeta Roman-Sarita, Georgiana Seyyed-Kalantari, Laleh Vu, Thanh-Giang T. Whitlock, Elizabeth L. Tomlinson, George Yarnell, Christopher J. Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada University Health Network Toronto ON Canada Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada Department of Critical Care Medicine Scarborough Health Network Toronto ON Canada Scarborough Health Network Research Institute Toronto ON Canada Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lassonde School of Engineering York University Toronto ON Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence Toronto ON Canada Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Radiology and Biomedical Informatics Emory University Atlanta GA United States Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Respiratory Therapy University Health Network Toronto ON Canada

Background: IV sedation is an important tool for managing patients receiving invasive ventilation, yet excess sedation is harmful, and dosing could be influenced by implicit bias. Research Question: What are the associations between sex or race and ethnicity and sedation practices? Study Design and Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of adults receiving invasive ventilation for ≥ 24 hours using the Medical information Mart for Intensive Care Version IV (2008-2019) database from Boston, Massachusetts. We used a repeated-measures design (4-hour intervals) to study the association between sex (female or male) or race and ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White) and sedation outcomes. Sedation outcomes included sedative use (propofol, benzodiazepine, dexmedetomidine) and minimum sedation score. We categorized sedative use as follows: no sedative and then lowest, second, third, and highest quartiles of sedative dose. We adjusted for covariates with multilevel Bayesian proportional odds modeling and reported ORs with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Results: We studied 6,764 patients: 43% female;3.5% Asian, 12% Black, 4.5% Hispanic, and 80% White. Benzodiazepines were administered to 2,334 patients (36%). Black patients received benzodiazepines less often and at lower doses than White patients (more benzodiazepine: OR, 0.66;95% CrI, 0.49-0.92). Propofol was administered to 3,865 patients (57%). Female patients received propofol less often and at lower doses than male patients (more propofol: OR, 0.72;95% CrI, 0.61-0.86). Dexmedetomidine was administered to 1,439 patients (21%), and use was similar across sex or race and ethnicity. Female patients were less sedated than male patients (deeper sedation: OR, 0.71;95% CrI, 0.62-0.81), and Black patients were more sedated than White patients (more sedated: OR, 1.28;95% CrI, 1.05-1.55). Interpretation: Among patients receiving invasive ventilation for at least 24 hours, IV sedation and attained sedati

关键词： Bayesian modeling deep sedation differences in treatment by race or ethnicity differences in treatment by sex mechanical ventilation

CCPM: A chinese classical poetry matching dataset

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Wenhao Qi, Fanchao Sun, Maosong Yi, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Jiarui Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

Poetry is one of the most important art forms of human languages. Recently many studies have focused on incorporating some linguistic features of poetry, such as style and sentiment, into its understanding or generation system. However, there is no focus on understanding or evaluating the semantics of poetry. Therefore, we propose a novel task to assess a model's semantic understanding of poetry by poem matching. Specifically, this task requires the model to select one line of Chinese classical poetry among four candidates according to the modern Chinese translation of a line of poetry. To construct this dataset, we first obtain a set of parallel data of Chinese classical poetry and modern Chinese translation. Then we retrieve similar lines of poetry with the lines in a poetry corpus as negative choices. We name the dataset Chinese Classical Poetry Matching Dataset (CCPM) and release it at https://github. com/THUNLP-AIPoet/CCPM. We hope this dataset can further enhance the study on incorporating deep semantics into the understanding and generation system of Chinese classical poetry. We also preliminarily run two variants of BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) on this dataset as the baselines for this dataset. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Semantics

BCS-Net: Boundary, Context and Semantic for Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation from CT Images

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cong, Runmin Yang, Haowei Jiang, Qiuping Gao, Wei Li, Haisheng Wang, Cong Zhao, Yao Kwong, Sam The Institute of Information Science Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing100048 China The Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology Beijing100044 China The School of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211 China The School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen518055 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China The Distributed and Parallel Software Lab Huawei Technologies Shenzhen518129 China The City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen51800 China

The spread of COVID-19 has brought a huge disaster to the world, and the automatic segmentation of infection regions can help doctors to make diagnosis quickly and reduce workload. However, there are several challenges for the accurate and complete segmentation, such as the scattered infection area distribution, complex background noises, and blurred segmentation boundaries. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel network for automatic COVID-19 lung infection segmentation from CT images, named BCS-Net, which considers the boundary, context, and semantic attributes. The BCS-Net follows an encoder-decoder architecture, and more designs focus on the decoder stage that includes three progressively Boundary-Context-Semantic Reconstruction (BCSR) blocks. In each BCSR block, the attention-guided global context (AGGC) module is designed to learn the most valuable encoder features for decoder by highlighting the important spatial and boundary locations and modeling the global context dependence. Besides, a semantic guidance (SG) unit generates the semantic guidance map to refine the decoder features by aggregating multi-scale high-level features at the intermediate resolution. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms the existing competitors both qualitatively and quantitatively. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： COVID-19

We need more power to stand up: Designing to combat stigmatization of the caregivers of children with autism in Urban Bangladesh 2020

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We need more power to stand up: Designing to combat stigmati...

2020 International Conference on information and Communication Technologies and Development, ICTD 2020

作者： Tushar, Abdul Kawsar Antara, Iffat Jahan Das, Dipto Chandra, Priyank Soron, Tanjir Rashid Haque, Md Munirul Ahamed, Sheikh Iqbal Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Canada Women and Gender Studies University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh School of Information Studies Syracuse University SyracuseNY United States Telepsychiatry Research and Innovation Network Dhaka Bangladesh R B Annis School of Engineering University of Indianapolis IndianapolisIN United States Department of Computer Science Marquette University MilwaukeeWI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450387620

Stigma, a critical challenge for social justice, has not received much attention in ICTD literature. Most existing designs that aim to combat stigma draw on an 'information and awareness' approach that is often inadequate to address stigma's deeper roots. To address this gap, we have conducted an interview and design study in five special needs schools1 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, involving twenty-nine parents and nine teachers. Based on our study, we present how the primary caretakers of children with autism face the stigma associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how misogyny, economic apprehension, and misinformation generate this stigma. Drawing from a range of scholarly work in sociology and psychology, we demonstrate how those factors are rooted in the colonial history and contemporary social hierarchy of Bangladesh. Based on our participatory design sessions, we introduce and analyze potential design directions and connect our findings to the politics of inclusion and social justice in the context of the developing world. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Developing countries

Towards Accurate Camouflaged Object Detection with Mixture Convolution and Interactive Fusion

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Geng Chen, Xinrui Dong, Bo Zhuge, Mingchen Wang, Yongxiong Bi, Hongbo Chen, Jian Wang, Peng Zhang, Yanning National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University China Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology Zhejiang University China School of Computer Science China University of Geo-sciences China Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology China School of Electrical Engineering & Information Department Northeast Petroleum University China School of Electronic Electrical Engineering and Physics Fujian University of Technology China

Camouflaged object detection (COD), which aims to identify the objects that conceal themselves into the surroundings, has recently drawn increasing research efforts in the field of computer vision. In practice, the success of deep learning based COD is mainly determined by two key factors, including (i) A significantly large receptive field, which provides rich context information, and (ii) An effective fusion strategy, which aggregates the rich multi-level features for accurate COD. Motivated by these observations, in this paper, we propose a novel deep learning based COD approach, which integrates the large receptive field and effective feature fusion into a unified framework. Specifically, we first extract multi-level features from a backbone network. The resulting features are then fed to the proposed dual-branch mixture convolution modules, each of which utilizes multiple asymmetric convolutional layers and two dilated convolutional layers to extract rich context features from a large receptive field. Finally, we fuse the features using specially-designed multilevel interactive fusion modules, each of which employs an attention mechanism along with feature interaction for effective feature fusion. Our method detects camouflaged objects with an effective fusion strategy, which aggregates the rich context information from a large receptive field. All of these designs meet the requirements of COD well, allowing the accurate detection of camouflaged objects. Extensive experiments on widely-used benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method is capable of accurately detecting camouflaged objects and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

Topic model and topic-controlled poetry generation of Chinese ancient poem based on BPE 20

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Topic model and topic-controlled poetry generation of Chines...

20th Chinese National Conference on Computational Linguistics, CCL 2021

作者： Zhang, Jiarui Li, Wenhao Sun, Maosong Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

Ancient Chinese poetry is a great treasure of human culture. The short and concise language can express extremely rich meanings and themes, which has attracted countless lovers since ancient times. We took over 800,000 ancient poems as the research dataset, and trained a word segmentation model on it based on Byte-Pair Encoding algorithm, which according to the co-occurrence frequency of the ancient poetry set for word segmentation. This model can further improve a more concise understanding of the semantics in ancient Chinese poems. Furthermore, we trained a topic model on the post-segmentation ancient poetry corpus based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm. By comparing and adjusting the number of topics, we get the more accurate topic distribution of each ancient poem. We also calculated the theme transfer matrix within a poem after annotating the topic of Jueju and Lvshi sentence by sentence. Finally, we use a simple method-Control Code to embed the topic model into the poetry generation model, in order to control the theme of our generated poem and to examine the effectiveness of our topic model. © 2021 China National Conference on Computational Linguistics Published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

关键词： Transfer matrix method

Customized Quantum Annealing Schedules

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第4期17卷 044005-044005页

作者： Mostafa Khezri Xi Dai Rui Yang Tameem Albash Adrian Lupascu Daniel A. Lidar Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Center for Quantum Information and Control CQuIC University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Department of Physics University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA

In a typical quantum annealing protocol, the system starts with a transverse field Hamiltonian that is gradually turned off and replaced by a longitudinal Ising Hamiltonian. The ground state of the Ising Hamiltonian encodes the solution to the computational problem of interest, and the state overlap with this ground state gives the success probability of the annealing protocol. The form of the annealing schedule can have a significant impact on the ground-state overlap at the end of the anneal, so precise control over these annealing schedules can be a powerful tool for increasing success probabilities of annealing protocols. Here we show how superconducting circuits, in particular capacitively shunted flux qubits, can be used to construct quantum annealing systems by providing tools for mapping circuit flux biases to Pauli coefficients. We use this mapping to find customized annealing schedules: appropriate circuit control biases that yield a desired annealing schedule, while accounting for the physical limitations of the circuitry. We then provide examples and proposals that utilize this capability to improve quantum annealing performance.

关键词： Adiabatic quantum optimization Quantum control Quantum information with solid state qubits Quantum protocols Superconducting qubits

Low Complexity Detection of Spatial Modulation Aided OTFS in Doubly-Selective Channels

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sui, Zeping Zhang, Hongming Xin, Yu Bao, Tong Yang, Lie-Liang Hanzo, Lajos The Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology ZTE Corporation Shenzhen518055 China The Department of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

A spatial modulation-aided orthogonal time frequency space (SM-OTFS) scheme is proposed for high-Doppler scenarios, which relies on a low-complexity distance-based detection algorithm. We first derive the delay-Doppler (DD) domain input-output relationship of our SM-OTFS system by exploiting an SM mapper, followed by characterizing the doubly-selective channels considered. Then we propose a distance-based ordering subspace check detector (DOSCD) exploiting the a priori information of the transmit symbol vector. Moreover, we derive the discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel (DCMC) capacity of the system. Finally, our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SM-OTFS system outperforms the conventional single-input-multiple-output (SIMO)-OTFS system, and that the DOSCD conceived is capable of striking an attractive bit error ratio (BER) vs. complexity trade-off. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economic and social effects