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Liberty: An Economy, Three Fold Collaboration, and Virtualization-aware Resource Management Approach for Multiverse Based Application Execution Over 6G Enhanced Networks

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2024年第11期51卷 1804-1844页

作者： Chowdhury, Mahfuzulhoq Computer Science and Engineering Department Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong4349 Bangladesh

Metaverse-based virtual worlds can provide users with an immersive digital experience by utilizing extended reality, IoT, 6G communication, and computing technology. Unlike the multiverse, in which users can access one virtual environment-based activity at a time, metaverse applications allow users to engage in different virtual environment-based activities simultaneously. Previous research did not look at three-fold collaboration, time-criticality, economy, energy, and network function virtualization (NFV)-aware resource management for multiverse, metaverse, and non-metaverse applications concurrently. To conquer these issues, this article proposes a three-fold collaboration (usage of host, neighbor user, and service provider-owned resources), time-criticality, NFV, energy, economy, and service delivery delay-aware resource management scheme for multiverse, metaverse, and non-metaverse application execution over 6G networks, taking into account heterogeneous physical and digital workers, NFV, communication resources, application arrival, and deadline. Experimental results show that the proposed liberty scheme outperforms existing methods by at least 22.67% economic cost, 31.28% energy expenditure cost, 44.11% service provider profit, and 8.83% task completion ratio gain. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Network function virtualization

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Classifying distinct emotions from parents of ASD child using EEG source data by combining Bernoulli–Laplace Prior and graph neural networks

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第12期37卷 7877-7895页

作者： ArulDass, Stephen Dass Jayagopal, Prabhu School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Emotion recognition using biological brain signals needs to be reliable to attain effective signal processing and feature extraction techniques. The impact of emotions in interpretations, conversations, and decision-making, has made automatic emotion recognition and examination of a significant feature in the field of psychiatric disease treatment and cure. The problem arises from the limited spatial resolution of EEG recorders. Predetermined quantities of electroencephalography (EEG) channels are used by existing algorithms, which combine several methods to extract significant data. The major intention of this study was to focus on enhancing the efficiency of recognizing emotions using signals from the brain through an experimental, adaptive selective channel selection approach that recognizes that brain function shows distinctive behaviors that vary from one individual to another individual and from one state of emotions to another. We apply a Bernoulli–Laplace-based Bayesian model to map each emotion from the scalp senses to brain sources to resolve this issue of emotion mapping. The standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) technique is employed to instantiate the source signals. We employed a progressive graph convolutional neural network (PG-CNN) to identify the sources of the suggested localization model and the emotional EEG as the main graph nodes. In this study, the proposed framework uses a PG-CNN adjacency matrix to express the connectivity between the EEG source signals and the matrix. Research on an EEG dataset of parents of an ASD (autism spectrum disorder) child has been utilized to investigate the ways of parenting of the child's mother and father. We engage with identifying the personality of parental behaviors when regulating the child and supervising his or her daily activities. These recorded datasets incorporated by the proposed method identify five emotions from brain source modeling, which significantly improves the accurac

关键词： Electroencephalography

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SEAformer: frequency domain decomposition transformer with signal enhanced for long-term wind power forecasting

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第33期36卷 20883-20906页

作者： Yan, Leiming Wu, Siqi Li, Shaopeng Chen, Xianyi School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China

Accurate and reliable wind power forecasting is of great importance for stable grid operation and advanced dispatch planning. Due to the complex, non-stationary, and highly volatile nature of wind power data, Transformer-based methods find it difficult to capture long-term trend features and incur high computational costs. To address these challenging problems, we propose a frequency domain decomposition Transformer architecture with signal enhanced attention mechanism (SEAformer). Firstly, we devise a frequency domain-based trend decomposition structure that enables the Transformer to extract more effective long-term trend features, thereby further improving the long-term prediction accuracy of the model. Secondly, in response to the large fluctuations and instability of wind power data, we design an internal signal enhanced substructure combined with an attention mechanism in the Transformer, which filters out high-frequency noise signals and reduces the computational cost of the Transformer. We conduct extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset, the experimental analysis demonstrates that SEAformer outperforms the baseline methods (Transformer-based, MLP-based, and Traditional methods) in both multivariate and univariate prediction tasks, exhibiting the best prediction performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Wind forecasting

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Deepfake Audio Detection for Urdu Language Using Deep Neural Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 97765-97778页

作者： Ahmad, Omair Khan, Muhammad Sohail Jan, Salman Khan, Inayat University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Software Engineering Mardan Pakistan Arab Open University Faculty of Computer Studies A’Ali732 Bahrain University of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science Mardan Pakistan

Audio Deepfakes, which are highly realistic fake audio recordings driven by AI tools that clone human voices, With Advancements in Text-Based Speech Generation (TTS) and Vocal Conversion (VC) technologies have enabled it easier to create realistic synthetic and imitative speech, making audio Deepfakes a common and potentially dangerous form of deception. Well-known people, like politicians and celebrities, are often targeted. They get tricked into saying controversial things in fake recordings, causing trouble on social media. Even kids’ voices are cloned to scam parents into ransom payments, etc. Therefore, developing effective algorithms to distinguish Deepfake audio from real audio is critical to preventing such frauds. Various Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) techniques have been created to identify audio Deepfakes. However, most of these solutions are trained on datasets in English, Portuguese, French, and Spanish, expressing concerns regarding their correctness for other languages. The main goal of the research presented in this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning neural networks in detecting audio Deepfakes in the Urdu language. Since there’s no suitable dataset of Urdu audio available for this purpose, we created our own dataset (URFV) utilizing both genuine and fake audio recordings. The Urdu Original/real audio recordings were gathered from random youtube podcasts and generated as Deepfake audios using the RVC model. Our dataset has three versions with clips of 5, 10, and 15 seconds. We have built various deep learning neural networks like (RNN+LSTM, CNN+attention, TCN, CNN+RNN) to detect Deepfake audio made through imitation or synthetic techniques. The proposed approach extracts Mel-Frequency-Cepstral-Coefficients (MFCC) features from the audios in the dataset. When tested and evaluated, Our models’ accuracy across datasets was noteworthy. 97.78% (5s), 98.89% (10s), and 98.33% (15s) were remarkable results for the RNN+LSTM

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Liver Tumors Segmentation Using 3D SegNet Deep Learning Approach

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computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1655-1677页

作者： G.Nallasivan V.Ramachandran Roobaea Alroobaea Jasem Almotiri Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyTirunelveli627152Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabadTelangana500090India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21974Saudi Arabia

An ultrasonic filter detects signs of malignant tumors by analysing the image’s pixel quality fluctuations caused by a liver *** of malignant growth proximity are identified in an ultrasound filter through image pixel quality variations from a liver’s *** changes are more common in alcoholic liver conditions than in other etiologies of cirrhosis,suggesting that the cause may be alcohol instead of liver *** Two-Dimensional(2D)ultrasound data sets contain an accuracy rate of 85.9%and a 2D Computed Tomography(CT)data set of 91.02%.The most recent work on designing a Three-Dimensional(3D)ultrasound imaging system in or close to real-time is *** this article,a Deep Learning(DL)model is implemented and modified to fit liver CT segmentation,and a semantic pixel classification of road scenes is *** architecture is called semantic pixel-wise segmentation and comprises a hierarchical link of encoder-decoder layers.A standard data set was used to test the proposed model for liver CT scans and the tumor accuracy in the training *** the normal class,we obtained 100%precision for chronic cirrhosis hepatitis(73%),offset cirrhosis(59.26%),and offensive cirrhosis(91.67%)for chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis(73,0%).The aim is to develop a computer-Aided Detection(CAD)screening tool to detect *** results proved 98.33%exactness,94.59%sensitivity,and 92.11%case with Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)*** the classifier’s performance did not differentiate so clearly at this level,it was recommended that CNN generally perform better due to the good relationship between Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve(AUC)and accuracy.

关键词： Deep learning liver tumor CNN CT accuracy

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IQR-based approach for DDoS detection and mitigation in SDN

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 76-87页

作者： Rochak Swami Mayank Dave Virender Ranga Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetraIndia Department of Information Technology Delhi Technological UniversityDelhiIndia

Software-defined networking(SDN) is a trending networking paradigm that focuses on decoupling of the control logic from the data plane. This decoupling brings programmability and flexibility for the network management by introducing centralized infrastructure. The complete control logic resides in the controller, and thus it becomes the intellectual and most important entity of the SDN infrastructure. With these advantages, SDN faces several security issues in various SDN layers that may prevent the growth and global adoption of this groundbreaking technology. Control plane exhaustion and switch buffer overflow are examples of such security issues. Distributed denial-of-service(DDoS) attacks are one of the most severe attacks that aim to exhaust the controller’s CPU to discontinue the whole functioning of the SDN network. Hence, it is necessary to design a quick as well as accurate detection scheme to detect the attack traffic at an early stage. In this paper, we present a defense solution to detect and mitigate spoofed flooding DDoS attacks. The proposed defense solution is implemented in the SDN controller. The detection method is based on the idea of an statistical measure — Interquartile Range(IQR). For the mitigation purpose, the existing SDN-in-built capabilities are utilized. In this work, the experiments are performed considering the spoofed SYN flooding attack. The proposed solution is evaluated using different performance parameters, i.e., detection time, detection accuracy, packet_in messages, and CPU utilization. The experimental results reveal that the proposed defense solution detects and mitigates the attack effectively in different attack scenarios.

关键词： SDN DdoS IQR Controller CPU utilization Packet_in

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AR-Light: Enabling Fast and Lightweight Multi-User Augmented Reality via Semantic Segmentation and Collaborative View Synchronization

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IEEE Transactions on computers 2025年第6期74卷 2073-2086页

作者： Wen, Yu Shah, Aamir Bader Cao, Ruizhi Zhang, Chen Chen, Jiefu Wu, Xuqing Xie, Chenhao Fu, Xin University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77204 United States Beihang University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing100191 China University of Houston Department of Information Science Technology HoustonTX77204 United States

Multi-user Augmented Reality (MuAR) allows multiple users to interact with shared virtual objects, facilitated by exchanging environment information. Current MuAR systems rely on 3D point clouds for real-world analysis, view synchronization, object rendering, and movement tracking. However, the complexity of 3D point clouds leads to significant processing delays, with approximately 80% of overhead in commercial frameworks. This hampers usability and degrades user experience. Our analysis reveals that maintaining the facing side of the real-world scene in a stable environment provides sufficient information for virtual object placement and rendering. To address this, we introduce a lightweight quadtree structure, representing 2D scenes through semantic segmentation and geometry, as an alternative to 3D point clouds. Additionally, we propose a novel correction method to handle potential shifts in virtual object placement during view synchronization among users. Combining all designs, we implement a fast and lightweight MuAR framework named AR-Light and test our framework on commercial AR devices. The evaluation results on real-world applications demonstrate that AR-Light can achieve high performance in various real-world scenes while maintaining a comparable virtual object placement accuracy. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Enhancing text understanding of decoder-based model by leveraging parameter-efficient fine-tuning method

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第9期37卷 6899-6913页

作者： Feroze, Wasif Cheng, Shaohuan Jimale, Elias Lemuye Jakhro, Abdul Naveed Qu, Hong School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Department of Information Technology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Naushahro Feroze Campus Naushahro Feroze Pakistan

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a fundamental natural language understanding task in natural language processing, which aims to comprehend the text of a given passage and answer questions based on it. Understanding implicit information, deducing the logical structure of information, and connecting context from different pieces of information make the MRC task difficult. Most current state-of-the-art approaches for MRC are using encoder-based models. However, no earlier research proposed a decoder-only model for MRC question-answering datasets, although language models based on this category achieved unprecedented performance in different generative tasks. In this paper, we propose a parameter-efficient fine-tuning framework that effectively increases MRC capabilities on decoder-only large language models. This framework designs the process for MRC and introduces the low-rank adaptation (LoRA) method to effectively fine-tune the large model with many parameters, even with lower hardware resource requirements than the previous methods. In addition, we also integrate a quantized model inference strategy for the fine-tuned model to improve practicability further. We conducted experiments on four types of MRC datasets. After extensive experiments, our results show that our model achieved a significant performance boost over baselines and outperformed other strong models for MRC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Decoding

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Modeling the Percentage of NEET in Indonesia with Spatial Cauchy Regression through the Bayesian Analysis Approach

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024年第7期54卷 1288-1295页

作者： Rantini, Dwi Fakhruzzaman, Muhammad Noor Ningrum, Ratih Ardiati Othman, Fazidah Choir, Achmad Syahrul Ramadan, Arip Alya, Najma Attaqiya Putri, Elfira Rahma Pratama, Muhammad Alfian Engineering Department Data Science Technology Study Program Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Indonesia Engineering Department Data Science Technology Study Program Faculty of Advanced Technology andMultidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Indonesia Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Malaysia Statistical Computing StudyProgram Politeknik Statistika STIS Indonesia Information System Study Program School of Industrial and System Engineering Telkom University Indonesia

Indonesia has entered a period of demographic bonus. Human resources must be optimized. The number of children who do not in employment, education or training (NEET) in each province needs attention. Several factors that could contribute to the decline in the NEET percentage are literacy rates and the number of adolescents with computer skills. Increasing these two factors is believed to be able to reduce the percentage of NEET in every province in Indonesia. To find out the relationship between these two factors and how much influence they have on the percentage of NEET, this research is modeled by Cauchy regression and includes spatial effects. The results of the analysis show that the best model is when the spatial effect is modeled by Fernandez Steel Skew Normal conditionally autoregressive (FSSN CAR). This result is seen from the smallest value of the Watanabe Akaike information Criterion (WAIC) in this model, which is 190.5. The parameter estimated shows that the higher the literacy rate and the number of adolescents with computer skills, the lower the percentage of NEET in each province in Indonesia. The results of this research can be useful for the Indonesian government to increase the number of educational facilities related to these two factors. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian CAR Cauchy Education NEET

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An ensemble machine learning based bank loan approval predictions system with a smart application

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International Journal of Cognitive Computing in engineering 2023年第1期4卷 327-339页

作者： Uddin, Nazim Uddin Ahamed, Md. Khabir Uddin, Md Ashraf Islam, Md. Manwarul Talukder, Md. Alamin Aryal, Sunil Department of Information and Communication Technology Chandpur Science and Technology University Chandpur Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jagannath University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh School of Information Technology Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus Geelong Australia

Banks rely heavily on loans as a primary source of revenue;however, distinguishing deserving applicants who will reliably repay loans presents an ongoing challenge. Conventional selection processes often struggle to identify the most suitable candidates from a pool of loan applicants. In response to this challenge, we present an innovative machine learning (ML) based loan prediction system designed to identify qualified loan applicants autonomously. This comprehensive study encompasses data preprocessing, effective data balancing using SMOTE, and the implementation of diverse ML models, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extra Trees, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Gaussian Naive Bayes, AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, and advanced deep learning models such as deep neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and long short-term memory models. The model's performance is rigorously assessed in terms of accuracy, recall, and F1_score. Our experimental analysis reveals that the Extra Trees outperforms its counterparts. Furthermore, we successfully predict bank loan defaulters through an ensemble voting model, which includes the top three ML models, achieving a remarkable 0.62% increase in accuracy compared to the Extra Trees. To facilitate user interaction, we have developed a user-friendly desktop-based application. Notably, our findings demonstrate that the voting-based ensemble model surpasses both individual ML models, including Extra Trees, and existing state-of-the-art approaches, achieving an impressive accuracy of 87.26%. This innovative system has the potential to significantly streamline and enhance the efficiency of bank loan approval processes, ultimately benefiting both financial institutions and loan applicants alike. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： User interfaces

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