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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Sirui Bragone, Federica Barreau, Matthieu Laneryd, Tor Morozovska, Kateryna Division of Decision and Control Systems Department of Intelligent Systems KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Division of Computational Science and Technology Department of Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Hitachi Energy Research Västerås Sweden

Our work aims at simulating and predicting the temperature conditions inside a power transformer using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). The predictions obtained are then used to determine the optimal placement for temperature sensors inside the transformer under the constraint of a limited number of sensors, enabling efficient performance monitoring. The method consists of combining PINNs with Mixed Integer Optimization programming to obtain the optimal temperature reconstruction inside the transformer. First, we extend our PINN model for thermal modelling of power transformers to solve the heat diffusion equation from 1D to 2D space. Finally, we construct an optimal sensor placement model inside the transformer that can be applied to problems in 1D and 2D. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integer programming

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Toward a prioritization approach for third-party software library updates

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science of computer programming 2025年 246卷

作者： Aburakhia, Abdalrahman Alshayeb, Mohammad Information and Computer Science Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia

Third-party libraries (TPLs) have been widely used in software development. Recent studies showed that software developers struggle to manage the dependencies between third-party libraries for many reasons, such as unknown update efforts and the lack of awareness about related security issues. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we propose a TPL update prioritization approach, which provides valuable insights for mobile app developers to help improve the decision-making process. We investigate mobile app developers’ behavior while updating TPLs through a survey with 39 practitioners. The results clearly show the need for a prioritization approach. To gain more insight into TPL, we propose five TPL categories (Compatibility, Accessibility, Maintenance, Business Value, and Security) and propose metrics to measure the related factors of each category. We utilize the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods to rank the libraries for the update and automate the approach via a chatbot. We conducted a case study with 7 participants. Most participants (82 %) found the bot's results useful;moreover, the bot can save software developers around 4 min per task, with an average of 18 s per task compared to 243 s by the baseline. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Software design

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A Learning-Based Iterative Algorithm for AoI-Optimal Trajectory Planning in UAV-Assisted IoT Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Huang, Zihao Chen, Hai Gu, Bo Gong, Shimin Su, Zhou Guizani, Mohsen Sun Yat-sen University School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Shenzhen518107 China Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi’an710049 China Qatar University Computer Science and Engineering Department Doha2713 Qatar

In this paper, we employ an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to ensure the freshness of sensing data, as measured by the age of information (AoI), in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Specifically, the UAV switches between flying and hovering modes to collect data from widely distributed IoT devices. UAV trajectory planning, which determines the times and moments of data collection, is vital for optimizing the system AoI. Considering the limited UAV onboard energy and mission duration, AoI-optimal trajectory planning is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. We first decompose the MINLP problem into two subproblems: a UAV time scheduling subproblem and a UAV path planning subproblem. Then, we propose a learning-based iterative (LBI) algorithm that consists of two modules: a successive convex approximation (SCA)-based module for solving the time scheduling subproblem, and a hierarchical asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) module for addressing the path planning subproblem. The numerical results verify that the proposed LBI algorithm outperforms typical baselines in terms of the AoI performance. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved,

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Small Signal Stability-Guaranteed Moving Target Defense Against Load Redistribution Attack On IoT-based Smart Grid

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17413-17429页

作者： Wang, Bingdong Zhang, Zhenyong Wang, Mufeng Liu, Mengxiang Ye, Rui Deng, Ruilong Zhang, Xin Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team Beijing100040 China University of Sheffield Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering Sheffield United Kingdom Guizhou Power Grid Co. Ltd. Intelligent Operation Center China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Huzhou Institute of Industrial Control Technology Huzhou313000 China

Moving target defense (MTD) is a promising approach to defend against load redistribution attacks on the internet-of-things (IoT)-based smart grid networks by probing the distorted state estimates with the distributed flexible AC transmission system. However, existing studies mainly focus on optimizing the performance of MTD and ignore the safety effect of it on the system’s operation. In this paper, we fill this gap by deeply analyzing the effect of MTD on the small signal stability and aim to alleviate the negative impact and guarantee its defending performance simultaneously. Firstly, the stability is formally described using the eigenvalue sensitivity. The relationship between the MTD-induced perturbation (MTDper) and the stability criteria is derived. Secondly, a new indicator is proposed to measure the effectiveness of MTDper. Thirdly, a constrained optimization problem is formulated to compute the bound of MTDper for guaranteeing the small signal stability. In addition, a surprising finding is that the stability margin can be improved and enhanced by optimizing the value of MTDper without losing the MTD’s effectiveness. Finally, we evaluate the performance of MTDper and its impact on the small signal stability with extensive simulations on the IEEE 30-bus, 39-bus, and 68-bus test power systems. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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RVAFM: Re-parameterizing Vertical Attention Fusion Module for Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognition

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zheng, Jinhui Liu, Zhiquan Si, Yain-Whar Li, Jianqing Zhang, Xinyuan Li, Xiaofan Huang, Haozhi Gong, Xueyuan School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering Jinan University Guangdong Province China College of Cyber Security Jinan University Guangdong Province China Department of Computer and Information Science Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau China School of Computer Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology China

Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognition (HPTR) is a challenging task in computer Vision, requiring the transformation of a paragraph text image, rich in handwritten text, into text encoding sequences. One of the most advanced models for this task is Vertical Attention Network (VAN), which utilizes a Vertical Attention Module (VAM) to implicitly segment paragraph text images into text lines, thereby reducing the difficulty of the recognition task. However, from a network structure perspective, VAM is a single-branch module, which is less effective in learning compared to multi-branch modules. In this paper, we propose a new module, named Re-parameterizing Vertical Attention Fusion Module (RVAFM), which incorporates structural re-parameterization techniques. RVAFM decouples the structure of the module during training and inference stages. During training, it uses a multi-branch structure for more effective learning, and during inference, it uses a single-branch structure for faster processing. The features learned by the multi-branch structure are fused into the single-branch structure through a special fusion method named Re-parameterization Fusion (RF) without any loss of information. As a result, we achieve a Character Error Rate (CER) of 4.44% and a Word Error Rate (WER) of 14.37% on the IAM paragraph-level test set. Additionally, the inference speed is slightly faster than VAN. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Parameterization

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Versatile Test Reactor Open Digital Engineering Ecosystem

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Insight 2025年第1期28卷 64-68页

作者： Ritter, Christopher Browning, Jeren Suyderhoud, Peter Hays, Ross Marshall, AnnMarie Han, Kevin Ashbocker, Taylor Darrington, John Nelson, Lee Idaho National Laboratory Department of Digital Systems & Engineering Versatile Test Reactor Program Idaho FallsID83401 United States Pivotal Solutions 3 Grace Avenue Suite 162 Great NeckNY11021 United States North Carolina State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 205 N. Mathews Ave. UrbanaIL61801 United States

Modern design of nuclear facilities represents unique challenges: enabling the design of complex advanced concepts, supporting geographically dispersed teams, and supporting first-of-a-kind system development. Errors made early in design can introduce silent errors. These errors can cascade causing unknown risk of complex engineering programs. The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) program uses digital-engineering principles for design, procurement, construction, and operation to reduce risk and improve efficiencies. Digital engineering is an integrated, model-based approach which connects proven digital tools such as building information management (BIM), project controls, and systems-engineering software tools into a cohesive environment. The VTR team hypothesizes using these principals can lead to similar risk and cost reductions and schedule efficiencies observed in other engineering industries. This research investigates the use of a digital engineering ecosystem in the design of a 300-MWt sodium-cooled fast reactor. This ecosystem was deployed to over 200 engineers and used to deliver the conceptual design of the VTR. We conclude that initial results show significant reductions in user latency (1000x at peak use), the possibility of direct finite-element-analysis (FEA) integrations to computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and nuclear reactor system design descriptions (SDDs) that we can fully link throughout design in data-driven requirements-management software. These early results led to the VTR maintaining milestone performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022 by Idaho National Laboratory. Published by INCOSE with permission.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactors

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Image segmentation via two-step deep variational priors

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Pattern Recognition Letters 2025年 195卷 44-50页

作者： Tan, Lu Tai, Xue-Cheng Li, Ling Liu, Wan-Quan Chan, Raymond H. Hong, Dan-Feng School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Bengbu University Bengbu Anhui China Bergen Norway Curtin University Perth Australia School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China Department of Operations and Risk Management and School of Data Science Lingnan University Tuen Mun Hong Kong Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering Hong Kong Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This paper proposes an iterative deep variational approach for image segmentation in a fusion manner: it is not only able to realize selective segmentation, but can also alleviate the issue of parameter/initialization dependency. Moreover, it possesses a refinement process designed to handle challenging scenarios, such as images containing obscured, damaged, or absent objects, or those with complex backgrounds. Our proposed approach consists of two main procedures, i.e., selective segmentation and shape transformation. The first procedure works as a stem in a totally unsupervised way. A convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture is properly incorporated into the selective weighting constrained variational segmentation model. The second procedure is to further refine the outputs. This part can be achieved in two ways: one direction is to establish a joint model with the semantic shape constraint. The other technical direction is to make the shape descriptor separated from the joint model and work as an individual unit. In the proposed approach, the minimization problem is transformed from iterative minimization for each variable to automatically minimizing the loss function by learning the generator network parameters. This also leads to a good inductive bias associated with classic variational methods. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the significant advantages. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Analysis of Different Methods for Forecasting Transport Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Philippines

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Transportation Research Procedia 2025年 82卷 3768-3789页

作者： Aaron Michael Salang Virgilio Ma. Ramos Arse John Salison John Justine Villar Intelligent Transportation Systems Laboratory National Center for Transportation Studies University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines Department of Logistics and Information Engineering Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Scientific Computing Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines

Emission forecasts can be an important way of creating awareness among the public and decision-makers on solving environmental problems. The main goal of this study is to forecast and compare the transport CO2 emissions of the Philippines using four different forecasting models. We use the models of Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Vector Autoregressive (VAR), and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The performance of the different forecasting methods was compared using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean squared error (RMSE) values. Several economic variables from 1990 to 2019 and the transport Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Philippines were utilized in this study. The result show that all four methods exhibit goodness of fit and accuracy results according to the statistical measures. In comparison, the multivariate methods (ANN & VAR) performed better than univariate methods (ARIMA & Holt-Winters).

关键词： Transport Emissions Forecasting Time-series modeling ARIMA ANN VAR Holt-Winters

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A Multimodal Recaptioning Framework to Account for Perceptual Diversity in Multilingual Vision-Language Modeling

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Buettner, Kyle Emmerson, Jacob Kovashka, Adriana Intelligent Systems Program Department of Computer Science University of Pittsburgh United States

There are many ways to describe, name, and group objects when captioning an image. Differences are evident when speakers come from diverse cultures due to the unique experiences that shape perception. Machine translation of captions has pushed multilingual capabilities in vision-language models (VLMs), but data comes mainly from English speakers, indicating a perceptual bias and lack of model flexibility. In this work, we address this challenge and outline a data-efficient framework to instill multilingual VLMs with greater understanding of perceptual diversity. We specifically propose an LLM-based, multimodal recaptioning strategy that alters the object descriptions of English captions before translation. The greatest benefits are demonstrated in a targeted multimodal mechanism guided by native speaker data. By adding produced rewrites as augmentations in training, we improve on German and Japanese text-image retrieval cases studies (up to +3.5 mean recall overall, +4.7 on non-native error cases). We further propose a mechanism to analyze the specific object description differences across datasets, and we offer insights into cross-dataset and cross-language generalization. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational grammars

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Towards Designing a Medication Assistive intelligent System with Automated Insulin-dose Prediction for Elderlies

Towards Designing a Medication Assistive Intelligent System ...

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International Conference on Electrical, computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE)

作者： Abrar Ahmed Minhazul Islam Mahi M. Akhtaruzzaman Jamal Uddin Tanvin Fahim Shahryer Sachitra Halder Muhammad Towfiqur Rahman Md Shofiqul Islam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Quantum Robotics and Automation Research Group (QRARG) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Computer Science & Engineering University Asia Pacific (UAP) Dhaka Bangladesh Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI) Deakin University Geelong Victoria

ISBN: (数字)9798350357509

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357516

Medication management poses significant challenges for many patients, particularly the elderlies, who often struggle with keeping track of their medication schedules and taking the correct dosages. To address this issue, this study aims to design an AI-integrated Medication Management and Assistive Unit (AMMAU) for elderlies with some important features like, schedule reminder, medicine recognition and count, early indication of shortage, sorted slots, and so on. Automated insulin-dose prediction and alert system makes the system unique and more demanding at these current scenarios. For this study, a suitable machine learning model is designed, analyzed, verified, and embedded in the proposed system so that the elderly diabetic patients can get alert, further compare with the current insulin-doses. Though, the proposed system is currently focusing on only the Basal insulin doses prediction, the system will definitely reduce the risks associated with wrong management of medication by degrading the chances of missed doses or taking wrong pills for elderlies at home.

关键词： Training Schedules Analytical models Prototypes Machine learning Predictive models Internet of Things Older adults Insulin Physical design

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