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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Han, Yujin Zou, Difan Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Institute of Data Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Standard empirical risk minimization (ERM) models may prioritize learning spurious correlations between spurious features and true labels, leading to poor accuracy on groups where these correlations do not hold. Mitigating this issue often requires expensive spurious attribute (group) labels or relies on trained ERM models to infer group labels when group information is unavailable. However, the significant performance gap in worst-group accuracy between using pseudo group labels and using oracle group labels inspires us to consider further improving group robustness through preciser group inference. Therefore, we propose GIC, a novel method that accurately infers group labels, resulting in improved worst-group performance. GIC trains a spurious attribute classifier based on two key properties of spurious correlations: (1) high correlation between spurious attributes and true labels, and (2) variability in this correlation between datasets with different group distributions. Empirical studies on multiple datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of GIC in inferring group labels, and combining GIC with various downstream invariant learning methods improves worst-group accuracy, showcasing its powerful flexibility. Additionally, through analyzing the misclassifications in GIC, we identify an interesting phenomenon called semantic consistency, which may contribute to better decoupling the association between spurious attributes and labels, thereby mitigating spurious correlation. The code for GIC is available at https://***/yujinhanml/GIC. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Spatio-Temporal Location Recommendation for Urban Facility Placement via Graph Convolutional and Recurrent Networks

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Journal of computer science & Technology 2024年第6期39卷 1419-1440页

作者： Pu Wang Jian-Jiang Lu Wei Chen Peng-Peng Zhao Lei Zhao Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science and TechnologySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Department of Data Resource and Information Development Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

The ability to recommend candidate locations for service facility placement is crucial for the success of urban planning. Whether a location is suitable for establishing new facilities is largely determined by its potential popularity. However, it is a non-trivial task to predict popularity of candidate locations due to three significant challenges: 1) the spatio-temporal behavior correlations of urban dwellers, 2) the spatial correlations between candidate locations and existing facilities, and 3) the temporal auto-correlations of locations themselves. To this end, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning model, Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional and Recurrent Networks (STGCRN), aiming for popularity prediction and location recommendation. Specifically, we first partition the urban space into spatial neighborhood regions centered by locations, extract the corresponding features, and develop the location correlation graph. Next, a contextual graph convolution module based on the attention mechanism is introduced to incorporate local and global spatial correlations among locations. A recurrent neural network is proposed to capture temporal dependencies between locations. Furthermore, we adopt a location popularity approximation block to estimate the missing popularity from both the spatial and temporal domains. Finally, the overall implicit characteristics are concatenated and then fed into the recurrent neural network to obtain the ultimate popularity. The extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model compared with state-of-the-art baselines.

关键词： location recommendation popularity prediction spatio-temporal correlation deep learning

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Sparse representation scheme with enhanced medium pixel intensity for face recognition

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 116-127页

作者： Xuexue Zhang Yongjun Zhang Zewei Wang Wei Long Weihao Gao Bob Zhang State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Institute for Artificial IntelligenceCollege of Computer Science and TechnologyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina Department of Computer and Information Science University of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacaoChina

Sparse representation is an effective data classification algorithm that depends on the known training samples to categorise the test *** has been widely used in various image classification *** in sparse representation means that only a few of instances selected from all training samples can effectively convey the essential class-specific information of the test sample,which is very important for *** deformable images such as human faces,pixels at the same location of different images of the same subject usually have different ***,extracting features and correctly classifying such deformable objects is very ***,the lighting,attitude and occlusion cause more *** the problems and challenges listed above,a novel image representation and classification algorithm is ***,the authors’algorithm generates virtual samples by a non-linear variation *** method can effectively extract the low-frequency information of space-domain features of the original image,which is very useful for representing deformable *** combination of the original and virtual samples is more beneficial to improve the clas-sification performance and robustness of the ***,the authors’algorithm calculates the expression coefficients of the original and virtual samples separately using the sparse representation principle and obtains the final score by a designed efficient score fusion *** weighting coefficients in the score fusion scheme are set entirely ***,the algorithm classifies the samples based on the final *** experimental results show that our method performs better classification than conventional sparse representation algorithms.

关键词： computer vision face recognition image classification image representation

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Sagbi-Gröbner Bases Under Composition

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Journal of Systems science & Complexity 2023年第5期36卷 2214-2224页

作者： KANWAL Nazish KHAN Junaid Alam Department of Sciences&Humanities FAST-National University of Computer&Emerging SciencesKarachicampusPakistan Department of Mathematical Sciences School of Mathematics and Computer ScienceInstitute of Business AdministrationKarachiPakistan

The process of substituting variables in a polynomial with other polynomials is dubbed polynomial *** behaviour of Gröbner bases and Sagbi bases under composition is well *** this paper,the authors provide a sufficient and necessary condition on a setΘof polynomials under which the Sagbi-Gröbner basis computation commutes with *** has natural applications to the computations of Sagbi-Gröbner bases for subsets of composed polynomials of subalgebra.

关键词： Polynomial composition sagbi bases Sagbi-Gr?bner bases

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Age-of-Information-Aware Federated Learning

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Journal of computer science & Technology 2024年第3期39卷 637-653页

作者：徐殷肖明军吴晨吴杰周津锐孙贺 Student Member CCF 1.School of Computer Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou 215123China School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Computer and Information Sciences Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122U.S.A. CCF IEEE

Federated learning(FL)is an emerging privacy-preserving distributed computing paradigm,enabling numerous clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without the necessity of transmitting clients’private datasets to the central *** most existing research where the local datasets of clients are assumed to be unchanged over time throughout the whole FL process,our study addresses such scenarios in this paper where clients’datasets need to be updated periodically,and the server can incentivize clients to employ as fresh as possible datasets for local model *** primary objective is to design a client selection strategy to minimize the loss of the global model for FL loss within a constrained *** this end,we introduce the concept of“Age of Information”(AoI)to quantitatively assess the freshness of local datasets and conduct a theoretical analysis of the convergence bound in our AoI-aware FL *** on the convergence bound,we further formulate our problem as a restless multi-armed bandit(RMAB)***,we relax the RMAB problem and apply the Lagrangian Dual approach to decouple it into multiple ***,we propose a Whittle’s Index Based Client Selection(WICS)algorithm to determine the set of selected *** addition,comprehensive simulations substantiate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce training loss and enhance the learning accuracy compared with some state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： federated learning Age of Information restless multi-armed bandit Whittle’s index

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A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jiménez-López Jose M.Moyano Javier Del Ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized *** allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third *** paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data *** virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL *** ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

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Improved UNET Architecture for Effective COVID-19 Severity Prediction from Pulmonary CT Images 1

Improved UNET Architecture for Effective COVID-19 Severity P...

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1st International Conference on Innovations in Communications, Electrical and computer Engineering, ICICEC 2024

作者： Ramla, M. Jasmine, R. Anita Ramesh, M. Bai, Femilda Josephin Joseph Shobana SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Applications Chennai India SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Data Science and Business Systems Chennai India SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Chennai India Istinye University Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376517

COVID-19, is one of the deadliest pandemic hit globally crises in the recent years, continues to persist with emerging variants of concern. Due to the virus's high transmissibility, rapid and precise detection of COVID-19 is crucial for timely medical intervention. This research presents an advanced deep transfer learning approach for quantifying the severity of COVID-19 infection from CT lung images. Using computer vision techniques, lung regions were extracted from CT scans through semantic segmentation using SegNet. An enhanced U-Net architecture, integrated with the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) technique, was employed to semantically segment the infected regions of the lungs. Based on the segmented infection areas, the severity of the infection was classified into mild, moderate, and severe. The proposed framework, which incorporates lung extraction followed by Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO) segmentation, achieves the segmentation accuracy of 96% and a prediction accuracy of 98.9%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Geometric prior guided hybrid deep neural network for facial beauty analysis

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第2期9卷 467-480页

作者： Tianhao Peng Mu Li Fangmei Chen Yong Xu David Zhang The School of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina Department of Automation Moutai InstituteRenhuaiGuizhouChina The School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhenShenzhenChina The Information and Communication Engineering Department Dalian Minzu UniversityDalianChina The School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenShenzhenChina

Facial beauty analysis is an important topic in human *** may be used as a guidance for face beautification applications such as cosmetic *** neural networks(DNNs)have recently been adopted for facial beauty analysis and have achieved remarkable ***,most existing DNN-based models regard facial beauty analysis as a normal classification *** ignore important prior knowledge in traditional machine learning models which illustrate the significant contribution of the geometric features in facial beauty *** be specific,landmarks of the whole face and facial organs are introduced to extract geometric features to make the *** by this,we introduce a novel dual-branch network for facial beauty analysis:one branch takes the Swin Transformer as the backbone to model the full face and global patterns,and another branch focuses on the masked facial organs with the residual network to model the local patterns of certain facial ***,the designed multi-scale feature fusion module can further facilitate our network to learn complementary semantic information between the two *** model optimisation,we propose a hybrid loss function,where especially geometric regulation is introduced by regressing the facial landmarks and it can force the extracted features to convey facial geometric *** performed on the SCUT-FBP5500 dataset and the SCUT-FBP dataset demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks models,which proves the effectiveness of the proposed geometric regularisation and dual-branch structure with the hybrid *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to introduce a Vision Transformer into the facial beauty analysis task.

关键词： deep neural networks face analysis face biometrics image analysis

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Intelligent E-Commerce Chatbot for Personalized Product Recommendations Using Text Mining and Machine Learning 2

Intelligent E-Commerce Chatbot for Personalized Product Reco...

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2nd International Conference on Advances in Computation, Communication and Information Technology, ICAICCIT 2024

作者： Minu, M.S. Adithya Kavya SreeRanjini Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering with Specialization in Big Data Analytics SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541217

Innovative technology solutions have been developed in response to the growing need for effective and customized client contact on e-commerce platforms. This work introduces an intelligent chatbot system that uses machine learning and text mining techniques to improve user satisfaction and answer customer concerns. Advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) models have been trained on large datasets, allowing for precise user intent interpretation and pertinent product recommendations. A strong recommendation engine is included into the system architecture to aid in decision-making, ultimately enhancing the customer experience by providing individualized, real-time help. The study also highlights the significance of data privacy by using privacy-preserving techniques to safeguard user data. The system's scalability and performance benefits are highlighted through thorough comparisons with current models. By showcasing the useful uses of machine learning and text mining in enhancing customer contact and service delivery, this study makes a substantial contribution to the development of AI-driven solutions in e-commerce. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Big data Chatbot Cost data Mining e-Commerce Hadoop Machine Learning Product Purchasing Recommendation

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Customized Movie Recommendation for Enhanced Entertainment

Customized Movie Recommendation for Enhanced Entertainment

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2024 International Conference on Cybernation and Computation, CYBERCOM 2024

作者： Minu, M.S. Talapalli, Srikar Chevuri, Saahithi Medhasri, T.S. SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Engineering Ramapuram Chennai India SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Engineering with Specialization in Big Data Analytics Ramapuram Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542344

The surging popularity of online movie databases has created a challenge for viewers: choosing a film from a massive library can be overwhelming. In this paper, it proposes to design a new hybrid movie recommendation powered by machine learning techniques as a solution to improve user experience. Among those techniques, two are combined into this paper: content-based filtering, using the real features of a movie such as genre and a director, and collaborative filtering, which uses the rating provided by users. This hybrid approach thus improves the intrinsic weaknesses that reside in both these methods individually. On the other hand, content-based filtering tends to reduce exploration to movies of the exact type one is doing well at, whereas, inversely, collaborative filtering settings often mean that a user will be exposed only to films within his or her already-recognized taste profile. It is expected that the proposed hybrid system will solve both problems by balancing this line between exploring familiar cinematic territory and making new recommendations based on both user preferences and the entire collective intelligence of the user base. The approach would aim to enrich user satisfaction by facilitating the selection of movies and providing a richer and more diversified movie-viewing experience. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Collaborative filtering

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