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A Survey and Experimental Review on data Distribution Strategies for Parallel Spatial Clustering Algorithms

Journal of computer science & Technology 2024年第3期39卷 610-636页

作者： Jagat Sesh Challa Navneet Goyal Amogh Sharma Nikhil Sreekumar Sundar Balasubramaniam Poonam Goyal Advanced Data Analytics and Parallel Technologies Laboratory Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani 333031India Uber New York 11101U.S.A. Computer Science and Engineering Department University of MinnesotaMinneapolis 55455U.S.A.

The advent of Big data has led to the rapid growth in the usage of parallel clustering algorithms that work over distributed computing frameworks such as MPI,MapReduce,and *** important step for any parallel clustering algorithm is the distribution of data amongst the cluster *** step governs the methodology and performance of the entire *** typically use random,or a spatial/geometric distribution strategy like kd-tree based partitioning and grid-based partitioning,as per the requirements of the ***,these strategies are generic and are not tailor-made for any specific parallel clustering *** this paper,we give a very comprehensive literature survey of MPI-based parallel clustering algorithms with special reference to the specific data distribution strategies they *** also propose three new data distribution strategies namely Parameterized Dimensional Split for parallel density-based clustering algorithms like DBSCAN and OPTICS,Cell-Based Dimensional Split for dGridSLINK,which is a grid-based hierarchical clustering algorithm that exhibits efficiency for disjoint spatial distribution,and Projection-Based Split,which is a generic distribution *** of these preserve spatial locality,achieve disjoint partitioning,and ensure good data load *** experimental analysis shows the benefits of using the proposed data distribution strategies for algorithms they are designed for,based on which we give appropriate recommendations for their usage.

关键词： parallel data mining data distribution parallel clustering spatial locality preservation

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Distributionally Robust data Valuation 41

Distributionally Robust Data Valuation

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Lin, Xiaoqiang Xu, Xinyi Wu, Zhaoxuan Ng, See-Kiong Low, Bryan Kian Hsiang Department of Computer Science National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Data Science National University of Singapore Singapore

data valuation quantifies the contribution of each data point to the performance of a machine learning model. Existing works typically define the value of data by its improvement of the validation performance of the trained model. However, this approach can be impractical to apply in collaborative machine learning and data marketplace since it is difficult for the parties/buyers to agree on a common validation dataset or determine the exact validation distribution a priori. To address this, we propose a distributionally robust data valuation approach to perform data valuation without known/fixed validation distributions. Our approach defines the value of data by its improvement of the distributionally robust generalization error (DRGE), thus providing a worst-case performance guarantee without a known/fixed validation distribution. However, since computing DRGE directly is infeasible, we propose using model deviation as a proxy for the marginal improvement of DRGE (for kernel regression and neural networks) to compute data values. Furthermore, we identify a notion of uniqueness where low uniqueness characterizes low-value data. We empirically demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing data valuation approaches in data selection and data removal tasks on real-world datasets (e.g., housing price prediction, diabetes hospitalization prediction). Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

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RLHR: A Framework for Driving Dynamically Adaptable Questionnaires and Profiling People Using Reinforcement Learning

RLHR: A Framework for Driving Dynamically Adaptable Question...

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19th International Conference on Software Technologies, ICSOFT 2024

作者： Paduraru, Ciprian Patilea, Catalina Camelia Stefanescu, Alin Department of Computer Science University of Bucharest Romania Institute for Logic and Data Science Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587061

In today’s corporate landscape, the creation of questionnaires, surveys or evaluation forms for employees is a widespread practice. These tools are regularly used to check various aspects such as motivation, opportunities for improvement, satisfaction levels and even potential cybersecurity risks. A common limitation lies in their generic nature: they often lack personalization and rely on predetermined questions. Our research focuses on improving this process by introducing AI agents based on reinforcement learning. These agents dynamically adapt the content of surveys to each person based on their unique personality traits. Our framework is open source and can be seamlessly integrated into various use cases in different industries or academic research. To evaluate the effectiveness of the approach, we tackle a real-life scenario: the detection of potentially inappropriate behavior in the workplace. In this context, the reinforcement learning-based AI agents function like human recruiters and create personalized surveys. The results are encouraging, as they show that our decision algorithms for content selection are very similar to those of recruiters. The open-source framework also includes tools for detailed post-analysis for further decision making and explanation of the results. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Regular languages that can be approximated by testing subword occurrences

Computer Software

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computer Software 2023年第2期40卷 49-60页

作者： Sin'ya, Ryoma Yamaguchi, Yutaro Nakamura, Yoshiki Mathematical Science Course Akita University Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University Japan Department of Computer Science School of Computing Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan

A language L is said to be regular-measurable if there exists an infinite sequence of pairs of regular languages that "converges" to L. Instead of regular languages, this paper examines measuring power of several fragments of regular languages: piecewise testable (PT) and alphabet testable (AT) languages. In particular, we showed that, while AT-measurability for regular languages is co-NP complete, PT-measurability is decidable in linear time. © 2023 Japan Society for Software science and Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software engineering

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Enhancing User Experience in Games with Large Language Models

Enhancing User Experience in Games with Large Language Model...

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19th International Conference on Software Technologies, ICSOFT 2024

作者： Paduraru, Ciprian Cernat, Marina Stefanescu, Alin Department of Computer Science University of Bucharest Romania Institute for Logic and Data Science Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587061

This paper explores the application of state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) technologies to improve the user experience in games. Our motivation stems from the realization that a virtual assistant’s input during games or simulation applications can significantly assist the user in real-time problem solving, suggestion generation, and dynamic adjustments. We propose a novel framework that seamlessly integrates large-scale language models (LLMs) into game environments and enables intelligent assistants to take the form of physical 3D characters or virtual background entities within the player narrative. Our evaluation considers computational requirements, latency and quality of results using techniques such as synthetic dataset generation, fine-tuning, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and security mechanisms. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations, including real user feedback, confirm the effectiveness of our approach. The framework is implemented as an open-source plugin for the Unreal Engine and has already been successfully used in a game demo. The presented methods can be extended to simulation applications and serious games in general. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Enhanced U-Net with Transformer-Driven Encoder for Medical Image Segmentation

Enhanced U-Net with Transformer-Driven Encoder for Medical I...

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2024 International Conference on Brain computer Interface and Healthcare Technologies, iCon-BCIHT 2024

作者： Palaniappan, Ramya Surendran, Suseendran Balakrishnan, Saranya Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Department of Computer Science & Engineering Madanapalle India Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Erode India KGiSL Institute of Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data science Coimbatore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540067

The automatic segmentation of tumours or lesions from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pictures is a critical but difficult task in clinical settings, sometimes necessitating laborious and time-consuming techniques. Deep learning has made a significant advancement in the medical imaging field in recent years. U-Net has emerged as the predominant model used for segmenting medical images. Although the standard U-Net framework has shown excellent performance in segmenting multimodal medical pictures, it has been noticed that it lags in certain aspects when dealing with tough datasets. We propose specific improvements to the state-of-the-art U-Net model. We have introduced attention block in the skipped connections to highlight relevant features. Additionally, we have incorporated transformers in the encoding path to capture temporal dependencies in medical images. In this research work, we have introduced an innovative architecture that has the potential to replace the U-Net model for segmenting regions of interest (ROI) in medical images. This study utilizes a total of 1760 samples obtained from the ISBI 2015 and PH2 medical repositories. The experimental findings have demonstrated that our proposed model has obtained highly encouraging results of 78.02 Jaccard coefficient and IoU of 65.14. In addition, we conducted tests and compared the performance of the proposed model with the classical U-Net model using the same dataset. As a result, we observed a relative improvement in the performance of both 2.36 and 1.85, respectively. The proposed technology will function as a sophisticated toolkit for radiologists to precisely detect and diagnose anomalous tumour cells. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Artificial Intelligence Support for the Prompt Identification and Understanding of the Broader Spectrum of Autism in Children 5

Artificial Intelligence Support for the Prompt Identificatio...

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5th International Conference on IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems, ICICNIS 2024

作者： Julaiha, A.G. Noorul Hemamalini, S. Preiya, V. Sathya Sathyamoorthy, K. Priyanka, V. Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology Centre for Data Science Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chennai India Panimalar Engineering College Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science Chennai India Panimalar Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518097

This research work presents a novel language intervention system for Tamil-speaking children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The system satisfies the considerable requirement for tools aimed at one more section of population that has actually been forgotten by mainstream economics. Traditional language learning applications often lack specificity for diverse linguistic contexts, focusing on general learning rather than the unique challenges faced by ASD children. The proposed solution leverages Deep Learning (DL) modules to transform partial spoken Tamil words into complete, child-friendly vocabulary. This system goes beyond simple word completion;it incorporates interactive features to engage children with ASD and promote active learning. Preliminary evaluations yielded promising results, suggesting the system's potential in enhancing communication skills among Tamil-speaking children with ASD. This paper research study reviews the limitations of existing language learning tools and the rationale behind employing a DL-based approach. We discuss the specific DL architecture (e.g., Recurrent Neural Networks) envisioned for the system and how it will be trained on a corpus of Tamil speech data. This study also investigate the potential advantages beyond vocabulary learning, such as improved sentence formulation and the development of practical language abilities. Future ambitions include broadening the system's scope to include more languages, refining the DL model through ongoing training with enriched datasets, and conducting extensive user research with varied ASD populations. Validation across demographics is critical to ensuring the system's efficiency and generality. This research has the potential to bridge the language acquisition gap for Tamil-speaking children with ASD, empowering them to develop crucial communication skills and fostering their social inclusion. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Leveraging LLMs for Integrated Sentiment and Topic Analysis on African Social Media 23

Leveraging LLMs for Integrated Sentiment and Topic Analysis ...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, ICMLA 2024

作者： Sibitenda, Harriet Hu, Ruofan Rundensteiner, Elke Diattara, Awa Traore, Assitan Ba, Cheikh University of Gaston Berger Computer Science Department Saint Louis Senegal Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester United States Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester United States Actroll Data Science Department France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374889

Leveraging AI to analyze key topics on African social media can enhance public governance. Our study analyzes social media discourse within African society on development concerns by (1) evaluating AI techniques for sentiment, topic, and theme extraction, comparing the accuracy of these methods with human annotations, and (2) extracting key insights from the data to provide policymakers with actionable recommendations for sustainable development. For this study, we utilized a data corpus of 22,036 posts from Twitter and YouTube, all focused on development issues in Africa. We applied topic modeling to extract relevant topics from the corpus and used similarity analysis, powered by Large Language Models, to link these topics to prevalent development themes. Additionally, we leveraged unsupervised models such as VADER and Large Language Models to extract sentiment related to the identified topics. To validate these model-generated sentiments, we conducted a small crowdsourced study to gather human-annotated labels as ground truth. Our sentiment analysis findings show improvements with models like TextBlob, VADER, and Llama. Fine-tuning, partic-ularly with BERT, achieved an impressive Fl score of 0.988. Meanwhile, Llama demonstrated strong precision (0.72) and balanced accuracy (0.55) in capturing contextual sentiment. We identified 304 topics using BERTopic and Llama, with robust coherence (0.81 C-v) and divergence (0.58 IRBO). In theme analysis, the One-vs-Rest classification with ensemble voting performed exceptionally well, with 'Poverty' achieving the highest F1 score of 0.89. Our results suggest that African policymakers prioritize addressing corruption, unemployment, drought, and instability, while closely monitoring the positive impacts of policy interventions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Tweets

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The Implicit Bias of Adam on Separable data 38

The Implicit Bias of Adam on Separable Data

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Zhang, Chenyang Zou, Difan Cao, Yuan Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science School of Computing and Data Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Computer Science School of Computing and Data Science Institute of Data Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science School of Computing and Data Science Department of Mathematics The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Adam has become one of the most favored optimizers in deep learning problems. Despite its success in practice, numerous mysteries persist regarding its theoretical understanding. In this paper, we study the implicit bias of Adam in linear logistic regression. Specifically, we show that when the training data are linearly separable, the iterates of Adam converge towards a linear classifier that achieves the maximum ∞-margin in direction. Notably, for a general class of diminishing learning rates, this convergence occurs within polynomial time. Our result shed light on the difference between Adam and (stochastic) gradient descent from a theoretical perspective. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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A novel framework integrating ensemble transfer learning and Ant Colony Optimization for Knee Osteoarthritis severity classification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第39期83卷 86923-86954页

作者： Malik, Isra Yasmin, Mussarat Iqbal, Ahmed Raza, Mudassar Chun, Chang-Jae Al-antari, Mugahed A. Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Wah Campus Wah Cantt44000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science Sir Syed Case Institute of Technology Islamabad45230 Pakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Taxila47080 Pakistan Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science College of AI Convergence Daeyang AI Center Sejong University Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), the most prevalent joint disease, significantly impacts elderly mobility due to progressive cartilage degeneration. Early prediction is crucial for preventing disease progression and guiding effective treatment plans. This paper proposes an EnsembleTL-ACO, fully automated, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for accurate and rapid KOA severity grading. The proposed CAD system leverages an ensemble transfer learning strategy to extract robust deep features by fusing multiple deep learning models. It combines features from two consecutive AI models: (1) AlexNet for implicit class-wise deep feature extraction from preprocessed data, and (2) a custom IsrNet for further feature depth. Unsupervised k-means clustering based on PCA dimensionality reduction decomposes each class into subgroups, further refining features. Finally, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) selects the most informative features. Evaluated on the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset, the proposed system achieves high accuracy in classifying the five KOA severity grades. With 1000 optimized features, it reaches average overall accuracies of 89.89% and 85.44% using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifiers, respectively. This surpasses recent deep learning methods, demonstrating significant improvement. This novel CAD system presents a promising solution for practical applications, offering an accurate AI-powered tool for KOA diagnosis and management. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Ant colony optimization

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