Roles can be assigned to occurrences of variables in programs according to a small number of patterns of use that are both language- and algorithm-independent. Preliminary studies on explicitly teaching roles of varia...
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Roles can be assigned to occurrences of variables in programs according to a small number of patterns of use that are both language- and algorithm-independent. Preliminary studies on explicitly teaching roles of variables to novice students have shown that roles are an excellent pedagogical tool for clarifying the structure and meaning of programs. This paper describes the results of an investigation designed to test the understandability and acceptability of the role concept and of the individual roles as seen by computerscience educators. The investigation consisted of a short tutorial on roles, a brief training session on assigning roles to variables, a test evaluating the subjects' ability to assign roles, and a set of open questions concerning their opinions of roles. Roles were identified with 85 % accuracy, and in typical uses of variables with 93 % accuracy. Copyright 2004 ACM.
This paper presents a formal Petri net-based approach to behaviour modeling for mobile agent systems. Generic agent templates, formalized in Petri net semantics, are proposed to model the components of a distributed m...
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This paper presents a model-checking approach for analyzing discrete-time Markov reward models. For this purpose, the temporal logic probabilistic CTL is extended with reward constraints. This allows to formulate comp...
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Fuzzy Extension Matrix induction is an extraction technique of fuzzy rules, which can be used in handling ambiguous classification problems related to human's thought and sense. The entire process of building heur...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780384032
Fuzzy Extension Matrix induction is an extraction technique of fuzzy rules, which can be used in handling ambiguous classification problems related to human's thought and sense. The entire process of building heuristic algorithm based on Fuzzy Extension Matrix is dependent of three specified parameters that seriously affect the computational effort and the rule extraction accuracy. Since the value of three parameters is usually given in terms of human experience or real requirements, it is very difficult to determine its optimal value. This paper makes an initial attempt to give some guidelines of how to automatically choose these parameters by analyzing the relationship between the values of parameters and the number of rules generated.
Decision trees and extension matrixes are two methodologies for (fuzzy) rule generation. This paper gives an initial study on the comparison between the two methodologies. Their computational complexity and the qualit...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780384032
Decision trees and extension matrixes are two methodologies for (fuzzy) rule generation. This paper gives an initial study on the comparison between the two methodologies. Their computational complexity and the quality of rule generation are analyzed. The experimental results show that the number of generated rules of the heuristic algorithm based on extension matrix is fewer than the decision tree algorithm. Moreover, regarding the testing accuracy (i.e., the generalization capability for unknown cases), experiments also show that the extension matrix method is better than the other.
We consider the model checking problem for probabilistic pushdown automata (pPDA) and properties expressible in various probabilistic logics. We start with properties that can be formulated as instances of a generaliz...
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We consider the model checking problem for probabilistic pushdown automata (pPDA) and properties expressible in various probabilistic logics. We start with properties that can be formulated as instances of a generalized random walk problem. We prove that both qualitative and quantitative model checking for this class of properties and pPDA is decidable. Then, we show that model checking for the qualitative fragment of the logic PCTL and pPDA is also decidable. Moreover, we develop an error-tolerant model checking algorithm for general PCTL and the subclass of stateless pPDA. Finally, we consider the class of properties definable by deterministic Buchi automata, and show that both qualitative and quantitative model checking for pPDA is decidable.
作者：
K.L. ManFormal Methods Group
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhovan University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands
Based on process algebra, the formal language SystemC/sup FL/ has been developed that is the formalization of SystemC. The language semantics of System C/sup FL/ is formally defined in a standard structured operationa...
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Based on process algebra, the formal language SystemC/sup FL/ has been developed that is the formalization of SystemC. The language semantics of System C/sup FL/ is formally defined in a standard structured operational semantics (SOS) style.
Decision trees and extension matrixes are two methodologies for (fuzzy) rule generation. This paper gives an initial study on the comparison between the two methodologies. Their computational complexity and the qualit...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0780384032
Decision trees and extension matrixes are two methodologies for (fuzzy) rule generation. This paper gives an initial study on the comparison between the two methodologies. Their computational complexity and the quality of rule generation are analyzed. The experimental results have shown that the number of generated rules of the heuristic algorithm based on extension matrix is fewer than the decision tree algorithm. Moreover, regarding the testing accuracy (i.e., the generalization capability for unknown cases), experiments have also shown that the extension matrix method is better than the other method.
Fuzzy extension matrix induction is an extraction technique of fuzzy rules, which can be used in handling ambiguous classification problems related to human's thought and sense. The entire process of building heur...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0780384032
Fuzzy extension matrix induction is an extraction technique of fuzzy rules, which can be used in handling ambiguous classification problems related to human's thought and sense. The entire process of building heuristic algorithm based on fuzzy extension matrix is dependent of three specified parameters that seriously affect the computational effort and the rule extraction accuracy. Since, the value of three parameters is usually given in terms of human experience or real requirements, it is very difficult to determine its optimal value. This paper makes an initial attempt to give some guidelines of how to automatically choose these parameters by analyzing the relationship between the values of parameters and the number of rules generated.
Question of the study The aim was to study sleep macrostructure, sleep breathing, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) and fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and methods Nocturnal polys...
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Question of the study The aim was to study sleep macrostructure, sleep breathing, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) and fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and methods Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 18 patients with ALS (11 men, 7 women), aged 58.4 (SD = ±6.6) years, Norris score 67.1 (±18.7), and in age- and sex-matched volunteers. Results The patients' PSG parameters exhibited the following significant differences from those of the controls: total sleep time reduction, 2NREM and REM reduction, prolonged wakefulness duration, reduced sleep efficiency, and number of sleep cycles. Fasciculations in anterior tibial muscles were found significantly more often in the patients and were equally represented in all stages. Conclusions The study found that sleep worsened in ALS patients, mainly as regards REM sleep-shortening and lower sleep efficiency. In contrast, there was no proof of any significantly deteriorated breathing in the ALS patients' sleep or increased occurrence of PLMS.
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