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arXiv 2024年

作者： Siemons, Marijn Veen, Martijn Malysheva, Irina Algera, Johannes Philippi, Stefan Antonov, Kirill van Stein, Niki Loicq, Jérôme Bhattacharya, Nandini Berlich, René Kononova, Anna V. Kohlhaas, Ralf SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Leiden2333 CA Netherlands Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft2629 HS Netherlands Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden University Leiden2333 CA Netherlands European Space Agency ESTEC Noordwijk2200 AG Netherlands

The need of atmospheric information with a higher spatial and temporal resolution drives the development of small satellites and satellite constellations to complement satellite flagship missions. Since optical systems are a main contributor to the satellite size, these are the prime candidate for their miniaturization. We present here a novel optical system where the complete spectrometer part of the optical system is compressed in one flat optical element. The element consists of an array of photonic crystals which is directly placed on a detector. The photonic crystals act as optical filters with a tunable spectral transmission response. From the integrated optical signals per filter and the atmosphere model, greenhouse gas concentrations are obtained using computational inversion. We present in this article the instrument concept, the manufacturing and measurement of the photonic crystals, methods for the filter array optimization, and discuss the predicted retrieval performance for the detection of methane and carbon dioxide. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Spectrometers

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High-Strength Amorphous Silicon Carbide for Nanomechanics

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xu, Minxing Shin, Dongil Sberna, Paolo M. van der Kolk, Roald Cupertino, Andrea Bessa, Miguel A. Norte, Richard A. Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Department of Quantum Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands Else Kooi Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands Kavli Nanolab Department of Quantum Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands School of Engineering Brown University ProvidenceRI02912 United States

For decades, mechanical resonators with high sensitivity have been realized using thin-film materials under high tensile loads. Although there have been remarkable strides in achieving low-dissipation mechanical sensors by utilizing high tensile stress, the performance of even the best strategy is limited by the tensile fracture strength of the resonator materials. In this study, a wafer-scale amorphous thin film is uncovered, which has the highest ultimate tensile strength ever measured for a nanostructured amorphous material. This silicon carbide (SiC) material exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of over 10 GPa, reaching the regime reserved for strong crystalline materials and approaching levels experimentally shown in graphene nanoribbons. Amorphous SiC strings with high aspect ratios are fabricated, with mechanical modes exceeding quality factors 108 at room temperature, the highest value achieved among SiC resonators. These performances are demonstrated faithfully after characterizing the mechanical properties of the thin film using the resonance behaviors of free-standing resonators. This robust thin-film material has significant potential for applications in nanomechanical sensors, solar cells, biological applications, space exploration and other areas requiring strength and stability in dynamic environments. The findings of this study open up new possibilities for the use of amorphous thin-film materials in high-performance applications. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Ferroelectrets:Heterogenous polymer electrets with high piezoelectric sensitivity for transducers

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2023年第4期13卷 3-26页

作者： Xunlin Qiu Peng Fang Axel Mellinger Ruy Alberto Pisani Altafim Werner Wirges Gunnar Gidion Dmitry Rychkov Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology School of Mechanical and Power Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237P.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Shenzhen 518055P.R.China Department of Physics Central Michigan University 223 Dow Science ComplexMount PleasantMI 48859USA Computer Systems Department Informatics Center Federal University of ParáıbaJoão Pessoa-PBBrazil Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Potsdam PotsdamBrandenburgGermany Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 106Freiburg 79110Germany Technology and Study Center Weissenburg Deggendorf Institute of Technology WeissenburgBavariaGermany

Nowadays,the demand for advanced functional materials in transducer technology is growing *** materials transform mechanical variables(displacement or force)into electrical signals(charge or voltage)and vice *** are interesting from both fundamental and application points of ***(also called piezoelectrets)are a relatively young group of piezo-,pyro-and ferroelectric *** exhibit ferroic behavior phenomenologically undistinguishable from that of traditional ferroelectrics,although the materials per se are essentially non-polar space-charge electrets with artificial macroscopic dipoles(i.e.,internally charged cavities).A lot of work has been done on ferroelectrets and their applications up to *** this paper,we review and discuss mostly the work done at University of Potsdam on the research and development of *** will,however,also mention important results from other teams,and prospect the challenges and future progress trend of the field of ferroelectret research.

关键词： Ferroelectret piezoelectret space-charge electret transducer advanced functional materials

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AI-Toolbox: a C++ library for reinforcement learning and planning (with python bindings)

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2020年第1期21卷 4118-4129页

作者： Eugenio Bargiacchi Diederik M. Roijers Ann Nowé Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Microsystems Technology HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht the Netherlands and Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium

This paper describes AI-Toolbox, a C++ software library that contains reinforcement learning and planning algorithms, and supports both single and multi agent problems, as well as partial observability. It is designed for simplicity and clarity, and contains extensive documentation of its API and code. It supports Python to enable users not comfortable with C++ to take advantage of the library's speed and functionality. AI-Toolbox is free software, and is hosted online at https://***/Svalorzen/AI-Toolbox.

关键词： MDP POMDP multiagent reinforcement learning software open-source

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Evaluating the Robustness of Complementary Channel Ferroelectric FETs Against Total Ionizing Dose Towards Radiation-Tolerant Embedded Nonvolatile Memory

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Jiang, Zhouhang Guo, Zixiang Luo, Xuyi Sayed, Munazza Faris, Zubair Mulaosmanovic, Halid Duenkel, Stefan Soss, Steven Beyer, Sven Gong, Xiao Kurinec, Santosh Narayanan, Vijaykrishnan Amrouch, Hussam Zhang, Enxia Fleetwood, Daniel M. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Ni, Kai The Microsystems Engineering Ph.D. Program The Mechanical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States University of Stuttgart Stuttgart70174 Germany Germany The Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Arcisstrasse 21 Munich80333 Germany The GlobalFoundries Fab1 LLC Dresden Germany The Department of Electrical Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Penn State University University ParkPA16802 United States The Department of Electrical and Microelectric Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States

In this work, a thorough assessment of the robustness of complementary channel HfO2 ferroelectric FET (FeFET) against total ionizing dose (TID) radiation is conducted, with the goal of determining its suitability for use as high-performance and energy-efficient embedded nonvolatile memory (eNVM) for space applications. We demonstrate that: i) ferroelectric HfO2 thin film is robust against X-ray and proton irradiation;ii) FeFET exhibits a polarization state dependent radiation sensitivity where the high-VTH (HVT) state sees noticeable negative VTH shift and low-VTH (LVT) is immune to irradiation, irrespective of the channel type;iii) the state dependence is ascribed to the depolarization field in the HVT, which points toward the channel and facilitates the transport and trapping of radiation-generated holes close to the channel. In the future, radiation hardening techniques need to be considered. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Radiation effects

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Can QR Codes be used to readout Colorimetric Gas Sensors? A Back-Compatible Color QR Code with an Embedded CO2 Sensor Dye

Can QR Codes be used to readout Colorimetric Gas Sensors? A ...

引用

IEEE SENSORS

作者： Ismael Benito-Altamirano Laura Engel Ferran Crugeira Miriam Marchena Cristian Fàbrega Jürgen Wöllenstein J. Daniel Prades Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering MIND/IN2UB Universitat De Barcelona Barcelona Spain eHealth Center Faculty of Computer Science Multimedia and Telecommunications Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona Spain Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM Freiburg Germany Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Department of Chemistry Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain ColorSensing Barcelona Spain Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA) Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350363517

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363524

Colorimetric dye readout devices have been explored extensively, with many approaches relying on complex hardware setups that stabilize the illuminant and capture conditions, typically involving attachments to smartphones or other digital cameras. In this work, we introduce a cost-effective sensor fabrication pipeline to embed a colorimetric dye in a QR Code, enabling readout by any standard smartphone without the need for specialized equipment. QR Codes, as established machine- readable patterns, offer a robust platform for integrating gasometric active dyes. Our approach ensures the preservation of QR Code data integrity by employing a novel method for maintaining back-compatibility throughout the pattern creation process, avoiding the limitations of dye placement solely in the center or outside the QR Code. We demonstrate this concept by embedding a CO2 sensor dye in a QR Code, while the QR Code presents a link to our website and a traceability ID. The dye is based on a pH-sensitive dye that changes color in the presence of CO2, focused on Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) applications.

关键词： Systematics Image color analysis Pipelines Thumb QR codes Color Digital cameras Splines (mathematics) Smart phones Standards

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Accelerating the Optimization of Vertical Flow Assay Performance Guided by a Rational Systematic Model-Based Approach

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Tay, Dousabel M.Y. Kim, Seunghyeon Hao, Yining Yee, Emma H. Jia, Huan Vleck, Sydney M. Chilekwa, Makaya Voldman, Joel Sikes, Hadley D. Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology 1 CREATE Way Singapore138602 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Microsystems Technology Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have shown to be instrumental in healthcare and disease control. However, they have been plagued by many inefficiencies in the laborious empirical development and optimization process for the attainment of clinically relevant sensitivity. While various studies have sought to model paper-based RDTs, most have relied on continuum-based models that are not necessarily applicable to all operation regimes, and have solely focused on predicting the specific interactions between the antigen and binders. It is also unclear how the model predictions may be utilized for optimizing assay performance. Here, we propose a streamlined and simplified model-based framework, only relying on calibration with a minimal experimental dataset, for the acceleration of assay optimization. We show that our models are capable of recapitulating experimental data across different formats and antigen-binder-matrix combinations. By predicting signals due to both specific and background interactions, our facile approach enables the estimation of several pertinent assay performance metrics such as limit-of-detection, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and difference. We believe that our proposed workflow would be a valuable addition to the toolset of any assay developer, regardless of the amount of resources they have in their arsenal, and aid assay optimization at any stage in their assay development process. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Disease control

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Digital Twin Enabled Intelligent Fault Detection in Hall Effect Rotary Encoder for Industry 4.0 Applications

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Agarwal, Ritik Bhatti, Ghanishtha Singh, R. Raja Indragandhi, V. Jasinska, Laura Suresh, Vishnu Leonowicz, Zbigniew Department of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science TU Delft Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands Department of Energy and Power Electronics Vellore Institute of Technology VIT Vellore Campus Tiruvalam Rd Katpadi Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Faculty of Electrical Engineering Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Stanislawa Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw30-370 Poland Faculty of Electronics Microsystems and Photonics Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Stanislawa Wyspiańskiego 27 Wroclaw30-370 Poland

Sensors are the foundational components of any smart machine system and are invaluable in all new-age technologies. Consequently, faults and errors in sensors can have a significant negative impact on the setup they affect. To this end, intelligent, lightweight, and accurate fault diagnosis and mitigation lie at the crux of modern industries. This study aims to conceptualize a germane solution in the domain of fault detection, focusing on hall-effect rotary encoders. Position monitoring through rotary encoders is essential to the safety and seamless function of industrial equipment such as lifts and hoists, as well as commercial systems like automobiles. This work uses multi-strategy learners to accurately diagnose quadrature and offset faults in hall-effect rotary encoders. The resulting system is computationally inexpensive and achieves an accuracy of 95.8%, making it a feasible solution for industrial implementation. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal encoding

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Wafer-level fabrication of fully-dielectric vapor cells for Rydberg atom electrometry

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Artusio-Glimpse, Alexandra B. Meraki, Adil Shillingburg, Hunter Lavallee, Guy Liu, Miao Eichfeld, Chad Simons, Matthew T. Holland, Glenn Holloway, Christopher L. Aksyuk, Vladimir A. Lopez, Daniel Electromagnetic Fields Group National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway BoulderCO80305 United States Physics Department University of Colorado Boulder 1234 Main St. BoulderCO80303 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Penn State University 207 Electrical Engineering West University ParkPA16802 United States Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive GaithersburgMD20899 United States Materials Research Institute Penn State University University ParkPA16802 United States

Rydberg-atom electrometry enables highly sensitive electric-field measurements by exploiting the extreme polarizability of Rydberg states in alkali atoms. Millimeter-scale atomic vapor cells can be accurately and economically batch-fabricated by anodically bonding silicon and glass wafers, enabling the large-volume manufacturing of miniature atomic clocks and quantum sensors. However, silicon is not always an ideal constitutive material for electric-field sensing because of its high dielectric constant and conductive losses at millimeter wave frequencies. A broader selection of low-loss all-dielectric alternatives may be beneficial for specific applications. Here, we present an all-glass wafer-level microfabrication process that eliminates silicon, creating hermetically sealed vapor cells that are stable over long timelines with embedded cesium dispensers. Femtosecond laser machining precisely defines the cell geometry, and laser-activated alkali loading ensures reliable filling. We demonstrate long-term vacuum stability and robust Rydberg excitation through electromagnetically induced transparency measurements of several Rydberg states. We used these cells to measure a 34 GHz millimeter wave field resonant with the 58D5/2 →60P3/2 transition using Autler-Townes splitting showing expected linear dependence with field strength. This work demonstrates that the all-glass approach offers a highly durable low-loss cell alternative for miniaturized millimeter wave and microwave quantum sensing, with the potential to flexibly incorporate a range of other dielectric and semiconductor materials and integrated photonic and electronic technologies. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Rydberg states

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Temperature Dependence and Temperature-Aware Sensing in Ferroelectric FET

Temperature Dependence and Temperature-Aware Sensing in Ferr...

引用

Annual International Symposium on Reliability Physics

作者： Aniket Gupta Kai Ni Om Prakash X. Sharon Hu Hussam Amrouch National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand India Microsystems Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology NY USA Department of Computer Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame IN USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728131993

ISBN: (纸本)9781728132006

The temperature dependence of Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) at the 14nm technology node has been studied thoroughly through well-calibrated TCAD modeling for 3D FinFET devices. We demonstrate, for the first time, that: 1) the degradation of FeFET (i.e., reduction in sensing current during reading) with temperature increase comes mostly from the ferroelectric degradation (i.e., reductions in the coercive field and polarization), while marginally from the degradation in the underlying FinFET (i.e. changes in electrostatics and carrier transport properties); 2) the drain current reduction caused by the ferroelectric degradation can be partially compensated with the current boost induced by the degradation in electrostatics and carrier transport properties. Therefore, the read voltage of FeFET based nonvolatile memory (NVM) can be carefully selected to mitigate deleterious effects of temperature variation during runtime.

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